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Spectral purification improves monitoring accuracy of the comprehensive growth evaluation index for film-mulched winter wheat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第5期23卷 1523-1540页

作者： Zhikai Cheng Xiaobo Gu Yadan Du Zhihui Zhou Wenlong Li Xiaobo Zheng Wenjing Cai Tian Chang key laboratory of agricultural soil and water engineering in arid and semiarid areasMinistry of Education/Northwest A&F University Yangling712100China

In order to further improve the utility of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)remote-sensing for quickly and accurately monitoring the growth of winter wheat under film mulching, this study examined the treatments of ridge mulching,ridge–furrow full mulching, and flat cropping full mulching in winter wheat.Based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) method, four agronomic parameters (leaf area index, above-ground biomass, plant height, and leaf chlorophyll content) were used to calculate the comprehensive growth evaluation index (CGEI) of the winter wheat, and 14 visible and near-infrared spectral indices were calculated using spectral purification technology to process the remote-sensing image data of winter wheat obtained by multispectral UAV.Four machine learning algorithms, partial least squares, support vector machines, random forests, and artificial neural network networks(ANN), were used to build the winter wheat growth monitoring model under film mulching, and accuracy evaluation and mapping of the spatial and temporal distribution of winter wheat growth status were carried out.The results showed that the CGEI of winter wheat under film mulching constructed using the FCE method could objectively and comprehensively evaluate the crop growth status.The accuracy of remote-sensing inversion of the CGEI based on the ANN model was higher than for the individual agronomic parameters, with a coefficient of determination of 0.75,a root mean square error of 8.40, and a mean absolute value error of 6.53.Spectral purification could eliminate the interference of background effects caused by mulching and soil, effectively improving the accuracy of the remotesensing inversion of winter wheat under film mulching, with the best inversion effect achieved on the ridge–furrow full mulching area after spectral purification.The results of this study provide a theoretical reference for the use of UAV remote-sensing to monitor the growth status of winter wheat with film mulching.

关键词： mulched winter wheat machine learning fuzzy comprehensive evaluation comprehensive growth evaluation index unmanned aerial vehicle

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A combination of straw incorporation and polymer-coated urea offsets soil ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions in winter wheat fields

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第5期23卷 1718-1736页

作者： Xiaoyun Wang Yajie Tian Qianhui Zhang Zhengxin Zhao Rui Wang Huanjie Cai key laboratory of agricultural soil and water engineering in arid and semiarid areas of Ministry of Education Northwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China College of water Resources and Architectural engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China

The combined effects of straw incorporation(SI)and polymer-coated urea(PCU)application on soil ammonia(NH_(3))and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions from agricultural fields have not been comprehensively evaluated in Northwest China.We conducted a two-year field experiment to assess the effects of combining SI with either uncoated urea(U)or PCU on soil NH_(3)emissions,N_(2)O emissions,winter wheat yields,yield-scaled NH_(3)(/NH_(3)),and yield-scaled N_(2)O(/N_(2)O).Five treatments were investigated,no nitrogen(N)fertilizer(N_(0)),U application at 150 kg N ha-1 with and without SI(SI+U and S_(0)+U),and PCU application at 150 kg N ha^(-1) with and without SI(SI+PCU and S_(0)+PCU).The results showed that the NH_(3);emissions increased by 20.98-34.35%following Sl compared to straw removal,mainly due to increases in soil ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)-N)content and water-flled pore space(WFPS).SI resulted in higher N_(2)O emissions than under the So scenario by 13.31-49.23%due to increases in soil inorganic N(SIN)contents,WFPS,and soil microbial biomass.In contrast,the PCU application reduced the SIN contents compared to the U application,reducing the NH_(3)and N_(2)O emissions by 45.99-58.07 and 18.08-53.04%,respectively.Moreover,no significant positive effects of the SI or PCU applications on the winter wheat yield were observed.The lowest /NH_(3) and /N_(2)O values were observed under the S_(0)+PCU and SI+PCU treatments.Our results suggest that single PCU applications and their combination with straw are the optimal agricultural strategies for mitigating gaseous N emissions and maintaining optimal winter wheat yields in Northwest China.

关键词： straw incorporation polymer-coated urea NH_(3)and N_(2)O emissions winter wheat yields

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laboratory and numerical modelling of irrigation infiltration and nitrogen leaching in homogeneous soils

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 146-158页

作者： Lei WU Ruizhi LI Yan WANG Zongjun GUO Jiaheng LI Hang YANG Xiaoyi MA key laboratory of agricultural soil and water engineering in arid and semiarid areas Ministry of EducationNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Blackland Research and Extension Center Texas A&M AgriLife ResearchTexas A&M UniversityTemple TX 76502USA State key laboratory of soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China College of water Resources and Architectural engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China

Nitrogen (N) plays a key role in crop growth and production;however,data are lacking especially regarding the interaction of biochar,grass cover,and irrigation on N leaching in saturated soil profiles.Eighteen soil columns with 20-cm diameter and 60-cm height were designed to characterize the effects of different grass cover and biochar combinations,i.e.,bare soil+0%biochar (control,CK),perennial ryegrass+0%biochar (C1),Festuca arundinacea+0%biochar (C2),perennial ryegrass+1%biochar (C3),perennial ryegrass+2%biochar (C4),perennial ryegrass+3%biochar (C5),F.arundinacea+1%biochar (C6),F.arundinacea+2% biochar (C7),and F.arundinacea+3%biochar (C8),on periodic irrigation infiltration and N leaching in homogeneous loess soils from July to December 2020.Leachates in CK were 10.2%–35.3%higher than those in C1 and C2.Both perennial ryegrass and F.arundinacea decreased the volumes of leachates and delayed the leaching process in the 1%,2%,and 3%biochar treatments,and the vertical leaching rate decreased with biochar addition.The N leaching losses were concentrated in the first few leaching tests,and both total N (TN) and nitrate (NO_(3)^(-))-N concentrations in CK and C1–C8 decreased with increasing leaching test times.Biochar addition (1%,2%,and 3%) could further reduce the leaching risk of NO_(3)^(-)-N and the NO_(3)^(-)-N loss decreased with biochar addition.However,compared to 1%biochar,2% biochar promoted the leaching of TN under both grass cover types.The N leaching losses in CK,C1,C2,C3,C4,C6,and C7 were primarily in the form of NO_(3)^(-)-N.Among these treatments,CK,C1,and C2had the highest cumulative leaching fractions NO_(3)^(-)-N (>90%),followed by those in C3,C4,C6,and C7 (>80%).The cumulative leaching fraction of NO_(3)^(-)-N decreased with increasing leaching test times and biochar addition,and 3%biochar addition (i.e.,C5 and C8) reduced it to approximately 50%.The one-dimensional advective-dispersive-reactive transport equation can be used as an effective numerical approach to simulate and predict NO_(3)^(-

关键词： leaching loss nitrate nitrogen biochar grass cover analytical modelling

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Lamellar water induced quantized interlayer spacing of nanochannels walls

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第2期9卷 356-365页

作者： Yue Zhang Chenlu Wang Chunlei Wang Yingyan Zhang Junhua Zhao Ning Wei Jiangsu key laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology Jiangnan UniversityWuxi214122China key laboratory of agricultural soil and water engineering in arid and semiarid areas Ministry of EducationNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China Zhangjiang Lab Interdisplinary Research CenterShanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201210China key laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201800China Mechanical&Automotive engineering School of EngineeringRMIT UniversityBundooraMelbourneVICVIC 3083Australia

The nanoscale confinement is of great important for the industrial applications of molecular sieve,desalination,and also essential in bio-logical transport systems.Massive efforts have been devoted to the influence of restricted spaces on the properties of confined fluids.However,the situation of channel-wall is crucial but attracts less attention and remains unknown.To fundamentally understand the mechanism of channel-walls in nanoconfinement,we investigated the interaction between the counter-force of the liquid and interlamellar spacing of nanochannel walls by considering the effect of both spatial confinement and surface wettability.The results reveal that the nanochannel stables at only a few discrete spacing states when its confinement is within 1.4 nm.The quantized interlayer spacing is attributed to water molecules becoming laminated structures,and the stable states are corresponding to the monolayer,bilayer and trilayer water configurations,respectively.The results can potentially help to understand the characterized interlayers spacing of graphene oxide membrane in water.Our findings are hold great promise in design of ion filtration membrane and artificial water/ion channels.

关键词： Nanoconfinement Quantized spacing Lamellar water layer MD simulations Entropy force

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Effects of the sand content of muddy water content on one-dimensional vertical infiltration characteristics and dense layer formation characteristics

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International Journal of agricultural and Biological engineering 2024年第1期17卷 172-179页

作者： Shouxuan Kang Liangjun Fei Yun Zhong Lihua Liu State key laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest arid Region Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an 710048China Institute of water Resources and Hydro-electric engineering Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an 710048China engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region Ministry of EducationChina Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002HubeiChina School of water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power Hebei University of EngineeringHandan 056038HebeiChina

Muddy water irrigation,an effective water-saving irrigation method,has been widely used in the Yellow River Basin in China.To investigate the effect of sand content on water infiltration and dense layer formation under one-dimensional vertical infiltration of muddy water,muddy water infiltration experiments were performed in the laboratory,and five sand contents of muddy water(S=0%,3%,6%,9%,and 12%)were used.Models were established to describe the relationship between the cumulative infiltration amount[I(t)]and the infiltration duration(t);the relationship among the migration distance of the wetting front(Z),S,and t;the thickness of the sedimentary layer[H(t)];and the relationship between S and t.The results revealed that I(t)and Z decreased significantly with the increase of sand contents,while H(t)increased significantly with the increase of sand contents.I(t)and Z were in the range of 7 cm and 20 cm for each treatment,respectively.The variation in I(t)with t fitted Kostiakov and Philip models,and the coefficients of determination were all greater than 0.99.With the increase in S,the infiltration coefficient gradually decreased,the infiltration index gradually increased,and the sorptivity gradually decreased.The particle composition of the sedimentary layer was similar to that of the argillaceous sediment,and the content of particles with a size of less than 2 mm in the sedimentary layer was lower than that of the argillaceous sediment.Compared with the original soil,the content of particles with a size of less than 0.05 mm and physical clay particles(diameter less than 0.01 mm)in the soil with an infiltration depth of 0-2 cm increased.The retention layer was from the topsoil to the infiltration depth of approximately 2 cm.This study can provide a scientific basis for further research on soil infiltration mechanisms under muddy water.

关键词： muddy water sand content dense layer cumulative infiltration wetting front transport deposit layer thickness

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Regulation effects of water and nitrogen on yield,water,and nitrogen use efficiency of wolfberry

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Journal of arid Land 2024年第1期16卷 29-45页

作者： GAO Yalin QI Guangping MA Yanlin YIN Minhua WANG Jinghai WANG Chen TIAN Rongrong XIAO Feng LU Qiang WANG Jianjun College of water Conservancy and Hydropower engineering Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou 730070China Jingtaichuan Electric Power Irrigation water Resource Utilization Center in Gansu Province Baiyin 730900China

Wolfberry(Lycium barbarum L.)is important for health care and ecological protection.However,it faces problems of low productivity and resource utilization during planting.Exploring reasonable models for water and nitrogen management is important for solving these problems.Based on field trials in 2021 and 2022,this study analyzed the effects of controlling soil water and nitrogen application levels on wolfberry height,stem diameter,crown width,yield,and water(WUE)and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE).The upper and lower limits of soil water were controlled by the percentage of soil water content to field water capacity(θ_(f)),and four water levels,i.e.,adequate irrigation(W0,75%-85%θ_(f)),mild water deficit(W1,65%-75%θ_(f)),moderate water deficit(W2,55%-65%θ_(f)),and severe water deficit(W3,45%-55%θ_(f))were used,and three nitrogen application levels,i.e.,no nitrogen(N0,0 kg/hm^(2)),low nitrogen(N1,150 kg/hm^(2)),medium nitrogen(N2,300 kg/hm^(2)),and high nitrogen(N3,450 kg/hm^(2))were implied.The results showed that irrigation and nitrogen application significantly affected plant height,stem diameter,and crown width of wolfberry at different growth stages(Pwater treatment.Dry weight per hundred grains and dry weight percentage increased with increasing nitrogen application under W0 treatment.However,under other water treatments,the values first increased and then decreased with increasing nitrogen application.Yield and its component of wolfberry first increased and then decreased as water deficit increased under the same nitrogen treatment.Irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE,8.46 kg/(hm^(2)·mm)),WUE(6.83 kg/(hm^(2)·mm)),partial factor productivity of nitrogen(PFPN,2.56 kg/kg),and NUE(14.29 kg/kg)reached their highest values in W2N2,W1N2,W1N2,and W1N1 treatments.Results of principal component analysis(PCA)showe

关键词： water deficit growth characteristics yield water and nitrogen use efficiency principal component analysis

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Nitrogen nutrition diagnosis for cotton under mulched drip irrigation using unmanned aerial vehicle multispectral images

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第8期22卷 2536-2552页

作者： PEI Sheng-zhao ZENG Hua-liang DAI Yu-long BAI Wen-qiang FAN Jun-liang key laboratory of agricultural soil and water engineering in arid and semiarid areas of Ministry of Education Northwest A&F UniversityYangling712100P.R.China

Remote sensing has been increasingly used for precision nitrogen management to assess the plant nitrogen status in a spatial and real-time manner.The nitrogen nutrition index(NNI)can quantitatively describe the nitrogen status of crops.Nevertheless,the NNI diagnosis for cotton with unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)multispectral images has not been evaluated yet.This study aimed to evaluate the performance of three machine learning models,i.e.,support vector machine(SVM),back propagation neural network(BPNN),and extreme gradient boosting(XGB)for predicting canopy nitrogen weight and NNI of cotton over the whole growing season from UAV images.The results indicated that the models performed better when the top 15 vegetation indices were used as input variables based on their correlation ranking with nitrogen weight and NNI.The XGB model performed the best among the three models in predicting nitrogen weight.The prediction accuracy of nitrogen weight at the upper half-leaf level(R^(2)=0.89,RMSE=0.68 g m^(-2),RE=14.62%for calibration and R^(2)=0.83,RMSE=1.08 g m^(-2),RE=19.71%for validation)was much better than that at the all-leaf level(R^(2)=0.73,RMSE=2.20 g m^(-2),RE=26.70%for calibration and R^(2)=0.70,RMSE=2.48 g m^(-2),RE=31.49%for validation)and at the plant level(R^(2)=0.66,RMSE=4.46 g m^(-2),RE=30.96%for calibration and R^(2)=0.63,RMSE=3.69 g m^(-2),RE=24.81%for validation).Similarly,the XGB model(R^(2)=0.65,RMSE=0.09,RE=8.59%for calibration and R^(2)=0.63,RMSE=0.09,RE=8.87%for validation)also outperformed the SVM model(R^(2)=0.62,RMSE=0.10,RE=7.92%for calibration and R^(2)=0.60,RMSE=0.09,RE=8.03%for validation)and BPNN model(R^(2)=0.64,RMSE=0.09,RE=9.24%for calibration and R^(2)=0.62,RMSE=0.09,RE=8.38%for validation)in predicting NNI.The NNI predictive map generated from the optimal XGB model can intuitively diagnose the spatial distribution and dynamics of nitrogen nutrition in cotton fields,which can help farmers implement precise cotton nitrogen management in a timely and accurate manner.

关键词： UAV nitrogen diagnosis leaf nitrogen weight nitrogen nutrition index cotton

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Can soil organic carbon sequestration and the carbon management index be improved by changing the film mulching methods in the semiarid region?

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第5期23卷 1541-1556页

作者： Jialin Yang Liangqi Ren Nanhai Zhang Enke Liu Shikun Sun Xiaolong Ren Zhikuan Jia Ting Wei Peng Zhang College of Agronomy Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China key laboratory of Crop Physi-Ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AfairsNorthwest A&FUniversityYangling 712100China Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China College of water Resources and Architectural engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China

Plastic film mulching has been widely used to increase maize yield in the semiarid area of China.However, whether long-term plastic film mulching is conducive to agricultural sustainability in this region remains controversial.A field experiment was initiated in 2013 with five different film mulching methods:(i) control method, flat planting without mulching (CK),(ii) flat planting with half film mulching (P),(iii) film mulching on ridges and planting in narrow furrows(S),(iv) full film mulching on double ridges (D), and (v) film mulching on ridges and planting in wide furrows (R).The effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) content, storage, and fractions, and on the carbon management index (CMI)were evaluated after nine consecutive years of plastic film mulching.The results showed that long-term plastic film mulching generally maintained the initial SOC level.Compared with no mulching, plastic film mulching increased the average crop yield, biomass yield, and root biomass by 48.38, 35.06, and 37.32%, respectively, which led to the improvement of SOC sequestration.Specifically, plastic film mulching significantly improved CMI, and increased the SOC content by 13.59%, SOC storage by 7.47%and easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC) by 13.78%on average,but it reduced the other labile fractions.SOC sequestration and CMI were improved by refining the plastic film mulching methods.The S treatment had the best effect among the four mulching methods, so it can be used as a reasonable film mulching method for sustainable agricultural development in the semiarid area.

关键词： plastic film mulching soil organic carbon labile organic carbon fractions semiarid area

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Optimal chemigation duration model based on the crop and environment effects

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International Journal of agricultural and Biological engineering 2023年第4期16卷 41-50页

作者： Hui Wang Wenpeng Shi Wene Wang Xiaotao Hu Gang Ling Rong Wei key laboratory of agricultural soil and water engineering in arid areas Ministry of EducationNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China

Herbicides with drip irrigation(chemigation)could control the herbicides application accurately as the irrigation technology,and could reduce the harm to humans and the environment.However,the herbicide concentration is not consistent in the advancing process along the drip irrigation tape of different lengths,which not only influences the crop growth and results in herbicide residue.In this study,the crop and environmental effects of chemigation were discussed,potassium permanganate was used to replace herbicides,and a laboratory test was conducted to determine the best application duration.Based on this result,the maize field experiment of chemigation under plastic mulch was carried out to compare the effects of maize growth index,yield and herbicide residue for determining the optimal chemigation mode.The result shows that there is no significant difference in the application uniformity among treatments,but the leaf area index(LAI),yield,and double-ear rate of maize under continuous application(CA)were higher than those under periodic application(PA)and no application(NA)significantly.One month after the application,the acetochlor residue of the two modes was less than 1%,which would not cause pollution to the surrounding environment.And there was a significant linear regression relationship between the length of drip irrigation tape and the optimal application duration under the same acetochlor dosage.

关键词： chemigation irrigation mode maize environment

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A double-layer model for improving the estimation of wheat canopy nitrogen content from unmanned aerial vehicle multispectral imagery

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第7期22卷 2248-2270页

作者： LIAO Zhen-qi DAI Yu-long WANG Han Quirine M.KETTERINGS LU Jun-sheng ZHANG Fu-cang LI Zhi-jun FAN Jun-liang key laboratory of agricultural soil and water engineering in arid and semiarid areas of the Ministry of Education Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China Department of Animal Science Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA

The accurate and rapid estimation of canopy nitrogen content(CNC)in crops is the key to optimizing in-season nitrogen fertilizer application in precision agriculture.However,the determination of CNC from field sampling data for leaf area index(LAI),canopy photosynthetic pigments(CPP;including chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and carotenoids)and leaf nitrogen concentration(LNC)can be time-consuming and costly.Here we evaluated the use of high-precision unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)multispectral imagery for estimating the LAI,CPP and CNC of winter wheat over the whole growth period.A total of 23 spectral features(SFs;five original spectrum bands,17 vegetation indices and the gray scale of the RGB image)and eight texture features(TFs;contrast,entropy,variance,mean,homogeneity,dissimilarity,second moment,and correlation)were selected as inputs for the models.Six machine learning methods,i.e.,multiple stepwise regression(MSR),support vector regression(SVR),gradient boosting decision tree(GBDT),Gaussian process regression(GPR),back propagation neural network(BPNN)and radial basis function neural network(RBFNN),were compared for the retrieval of winter wheat LAI,CPP and CNC values,and a double-layer model was proposed for estimating CNC based on LAI and CPP.The results showed that the inversion of winter wheat LAI,CPP and CNC by the combination of SFs+TFs greatly improved the estimation accuracy compared with that by using only the SFs.The RBFNN and BPNN models outperformed the other machine learning models in estimating winter wheat LAI,CPP and CNC.The proposed double-layer models(R^(2)=0.67-0.89,RMSE=13.63-23.71 mg g^(-1),MAE=10.75-17.59 mg g^(-1))performed better than the direct inversion models(R^(2)=0.61-0.80,RMSE=18.01-25.12 mg g^(-1),MAE=12.96-18.88 mg g^(-1))in estimating winter wheat CNC.The best winter wheat CNC accuracy was obtained by the double-layer RBFNN model with SFs+TFs as inputs(R^(2)=0.89,RMSE=13.63 mg g^(-1),MAE=10.75 mg g^(-1)).The results of this study can provide guidance for the accurate and rapid det

关键词： UAV multispectral imagery spectral features texture features canopy photosynthetic pigment content canopy nitrogen content

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