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Biochar amendment modulates xylem ionic constituents and ABA signaling:Its implications in enhancing water-use efficiency of maize(Zea mays L.)under reduced irrigation regimes

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2025年第1期24卷 132-146页

作者： Heng Wan Zhenhua Wei Chunshuo Liu Xin Yang Yaosheng Wang Fulai Liu key laboratory of agricultural soil and water engineering in arid and Semiarid areas Ministry of Education/Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenHajbakkegaard Alle 13Taastrup DK-2630Denmark Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101499China soil Physics and Land Management Group Wageningen UniversityP.0.Box 47Wageningen 6700 AAthe Netherlands State engineering laboratory of Eficient water Use of Crops and Disaster Loss Mitigation/key laboratory of Dryland Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in AgricultureChinese Academy ofAgricultural SciencesBejing100081China Institute of Facility Agriculture Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou 510640China

While biochar amendment enhances plant productivity and water-use efficiency(WUE),particularly under waterlimited conditions,the specific mechanisms driving these benefits remain ***,the present study aims to elucidate the synergistic effects of biochar and reduced irrigation on maize(Zea mays L.)plants,focusing on xylem composition,root-to-shoot signaling,stomatal behavior,and *** plants were cultivated in splitroot pots filled with clay loam soil,amended by either wheat-straw biochar(WSB)or softwood biochar(SWB)at 2%(w/w).Plants received full irrigation(FI),deficit irrigation(DI),or partial root-zone drying rrigation(PRD)from the 4-leaf to the grain-filling *** results revealed that the WSB amendment significantly enhanced plant water status,biomass accumulation,and WUE under reduced irrigation,particularly when combined with *** reduced irrigation inhibited photosynthesis,it enhanced WUE by modulating stomatal morphology and *** amendment combined with reduced rrigation significantly increased xylem K^(+),Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),NO_(3)^(-),Cl^(-),PO_(4)^(3-),and SO_(4)^(2-)-but decreased Na+,which in turn lowered xylem ***,biochar amendment and especially WSB amendment further increased abscisic acid(ABA)contents in both leaf and xylem sap under reduced irrigation conditions due to changes in xylem ionic constituents and *** synergistic interactions between xylem components and ABA led to refined adjustments in stomatal size and density,thereby affecting stomatal conductance and ultimately improving the WUE of maize plants at different *** combined application of WSB and PRD can,therefore,emerge as a promising approach for improving the overall plant performance of maize plants with increased stomatal adaptations and WUE,especially under water-limited conditions.

关键词： biochar alternate partial root-zone drying irrigation xylem composition abscisic acid stomatal morphology stomatalconductance

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Interpretable Machine Learning Method for Compressive Strength Prediction and Analysis of Pure Fly Ash-based Geopolymer Concrete

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2025年第1期40卷 65-78页

作者： SHI Yuqiong LI Jingyi ZHANG Yang LI Li key laboratory of agricultural soil and water engineering in arid and Semiarid areas of Ministry of Education Northwest A&F Uni-versityYangling 712100China College of water Resources and Architectural engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Chongqing key laboratory of Public Big Data Security Technology Chongqing 401420China Chongqing College of Mobile Communication Chongqing 401520China Department of Civil and Environmental engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina National Rail Transit Electrification and Automation engineering Technology Research Center(Hong Kong Branch) The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHung HomHong KongChina

In order to study the characteristics of pure fly ash-based geopolymer concrete(PFGC)conveniently,we used a machine learning method that can quantify the perception of characteristics to predict its compressive *** this study,505 groups of data were collected,and a new database of compressive strength of PFGC was *** order to establish an accurate prediction model of compressive strength,five different types of machine learning networks were used for comparative *** five machine learning models all showed good compressive strength prediction performance on *** them,R2,MSE,RMSE and MAE of decision tree model(DT)are 0.99,1.58,1.25,and 0.25,*** R2,MSE,RMSE and MAE of random forest model(RF)are 0.97,5.17,2.27 and 1.38,*** two models have high prediction accuracy and outstanding generalization *** order to enhance the interpretability of model decision-making,we used importance ranking to obtain the perception of machine learning model to 13 *** 13 variables include chemical composition of fly ash(SiO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3),Si/Al),the ratio of alkaline liquid to the binder,curing temperature,curing durations inside oven,fly ash dosage,fine aggregate dosage,coarse aggregate dosage,extra water dosage and sodium hydroxide *** temperature,specimen ages and curing durations inside oven have the greatest influence on the prediction results,indicating that curing conditions have more prominent influence on the compressive strength of PFGC than ordinary Portland cement *** importance of curing conditions of PFGC even exceeds that of the concrete mix proportion,due to the low reactivity of pure fly ash.

关键词： machine learning pure fly ash geopolymer compressive strength feature perception

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Aerated irrigation increases tomato production by improving soil nitrogen availability

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2025年第1期24卷 322-338页

作者： Chuandong Tan Yadan Du Xiaobo Gu Wenquan Niu Jinbo Zhang Christoph Muller Xuesong Cao key laboratory of agricultural soil and water engineering in arid and Semiarid areas Ministry of Education/Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China College of water Resources and Architectural engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Institute of soil and water Conservation Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China School of Geography Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Institute of Plant Ecology Justus-Liebig University GiessenGiessen 35392Germany School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute University College DublinDublin DO4V1W8Ireland Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research Justus-Liebig University GiessenGiessen 35392Germany Institute of water Resources for Pastoral Area China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower ResearchHohhot O10020China

soil nitrogen(N)is the main limiting nutrient for plant growth,which is sensitive to variations in the soil oxygen *** provide insights into plant N accumulation and yield under aerated and drip irrigation,a greenhouse tomato experiment was conducted with six treatments,including three fertilization types:inorganic fertilizer(NPK);organic fertilizer(OM);chemical(75%of applied N)+organic fertilizer(25%)(NPK+OM)under drip irrigation(DI)and aerated irrigation(AI)*** Al,total soil carbon mineralization(C_(min))was significantly higher(by 5.7-7.0%)than under DI irrigation.C_(min)in the fertilizer treatments followed the order NPK+OM>OM>NPK under both AI and *** mineralizable C(C_(0))and N(N_(0))was greater under AI than under *** N mineralization,gross nitrification,and NH_(4)^(+)immobilization rates were significantly higher under the AINPK treatment than the DINPK treatment by 2.58-3.27-,1.25-1.44-,and 1-1.26-fold,*** findings demonstrated that AI and the addition of organic fertilizer accelerated the turnover of soil organic matter and N transformation processes,thereby enhancing N ***,the combination of AI and organic fertilizer application was found to promote root growth(8.4-10.6%),increase the duration of the period of rapid N accumulation(ΔT),and increase the maximum N accumulation rate(V_(max)),subsequently encouraging aboveground dry matter ***,the AI treatment yield was significantly greater(by 6.3-12.4%)than under the DI ***,N partial factor productivity(NPFP)and N harvest index(NHI)were greater under AI than under DI,by 6.3 to 12.4%,and 4.6 to 8.1%,*** rankings of yield and NPFP remained consistent,with NPK+OM>OM>NPK under both AI and DI *** results highlighted the positive impacts of AI and organic fertilizer application on soil N availability,N uptake,and overall crop yield in *** optimal management measure was identifi

关键词： aerated irrigation soil carbon/nitrogen mineralization gross nitrogen transformation nitrogen utilization yield

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water deficit affects the nitrogen nutrition index of winter wheat under controlled water conditions

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2025年第2期24卷 724-738页

作者： Ben Zhao Anzhen Qin Wei Feng Xinqiang Qiu Pingyan Wang Haixia Qin Yang Gao Guojie Wang Zhandong Liu Syed Tahir Ata-Ul-Karim College of Tobacco Science Henan Agricultural University key laboratory of Crop water Use and Regulation Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Farmland Irrigation Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences National engineering Research Center for Wheat/State key laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science Henan Agricultural University Henan Provincial water Conservancy Research Institute/Center of Efficient Irrigation engineering and Technology Research of Henan Province Department of Plant Science The Pennsylvania State UniversityState College

Nitrogen （N） uptake is regulated by water availability,and a water deficit can limit crop N responses by reducing N uptake and *** complex and multifaceted interplay between water availability and the crop N response makes it difficult to predict and quantify the effect of water deficit on crop N *** nitrogen nutrition index （NNI）has been widely used to accurately diagnose crop N status and to evaluate the effectiveness of N *** decline of NNI under water-limiting conditions has been documented,although the underlying mechanism governing this decline is not fully *** study aimed to elucidate the reason for the decline of NNI under waterlimiting conditions and to provide insights into the accurate utilization of NNI for assessing crop N status under different water–N interaction *** shelter experiments were conducted over three growing seasons from 2018 to 2021 under different N (75 and 225 kg N ha–1,low N and high N) and water （120 to 510 mm,W0 to W3） co-limitation *** N accumulation,shoot biomass （SB）,plant N concentration （%N）,soil nitrate-N content,actual evapotranspiration （ETa）,and yield were recorded at the stem elongation,booting,anthesis and grain filling *** to W0,W1 to W3 treatments exhibited NNI values that were greater by 10.2 to 20.5%,12.6to 24.8%,14 to 24.8%,and 16.8 to 24.8%at stem elongation,booting,anthesis,and grain filling,respectively,across the 2018–2021 *** decline in NNI under water-limiting conditions stemmed from two main ***,reduced ETaand SB led to a greater critical N concentration （%Nc） under water-limiting conditions,which contributed to the decline in NNI primarily under high N ***,changes in plant%N played a more significant role under low N *** N accumulation exhibited a positive allometric relationship with SB and a negative relationship with soil nitrate-N content under water-limiting conditions,indicatin

关键词： critical nitrogen concentration shoot biomass plant nitrogen accumulation soil nitrate N concentration soil water content

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Significant spatiotemporal pattern of nitrous oxide emission and its influencing factors from a shallow eutropic lake in Inner Mongolia,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第3期149卷 488-499页

作者： Guohua Li Sheng Zhang Xiaohong Shi Shengnan Zhao Liyang Zhan Xueru Pan Fan Zhang Haifeng Yu Yue Sun Lauri Arvola Jussi Huotari water Conservancy and Civil engineering College Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010018China Inner Mongolia water Resource Protection and Utilization key laboratory Hohhot 010018China State Gauge and Research Station of Wetland Ecosystem Wuliangsuhai LakeBayan Nur 014404China key laboratory of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry Third Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesXiamen 361005China Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences Ecosystems and Environment Research ProgrammeLammi Biological StationUniversity of HelsinkiLammi FI-16900Finland Masinotek Oy Ensimmainen Savu 2Vantaa FI-01510Finland

Eutrophic shallow lakes are generally considered as a contributor to the emission of nitrous oxide(N_(2)O),while regional and global estimates have remained *** due to a lack of data and insufficient understanding of the multiple contributing *** study characterized the spatiotemporal variability in N_(2)O concentrations and N_(2)O diffusive fluxes and the contributing factors in LakeWuliangsuhai,a typical shallow eutrophic and seasonally frozen lake in Inner Mongolia with cold and arid *** N_(2)O concentrations of the lake exhibited a range of 4.5 to 101.2 nmol/L,displaying significant spatiotemporal *** lowest and highest concentrations were measured in summer and winter,*** spatial distribution of N_(2)Ofluxwas consistent with that of N_(2)O ***,the hotspots of N_(2)O emissions were detected within close to the main inflow of *** wide spatial and temporal variation in N_(2)O emissions indicate the complexity and its relative importance of factors influencing emissions.N_(2)O emissions in different lake zones and seasons were regulated by diverse *** influencing the spatial and temporal distribution of N_(2)O concentrations and fluxes were identified as WT,WD,DO,Chl-a,SD and ***,the same factor demonstrated opposing effects on N_(2)O emission in various seasons or *** research improves our understanding of N_(2)O emissions in shallow eutrophic lakes in cold and arid areas.

关键词： Nitrous oxide Spatial and temporal variation Controlling factors Shallow lakes

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Film-mulched continuous ridge-furrow planting improves soil temperature,nutrient content and enzymatic activity in a winter oilseed rape field,Northwest China

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Journal of arid Land 2018年第3期10卷 362-374页

作者： GU Xiaobo LI Yuannong DU Yadan key laboratory of agricultural soil and water engineering in arid and Semiarid areas of Ministry of Education Northwest A&F University

Film mulching system is a widely employed agricultural practice worldwide. However, the effects of different planting and mulching patterns on soil nutrient content and enzymatic activity have not been well documented. In this study, we examined the impact of four planting and mulching patterns（including control, flat planting without mulching; M1, flat planting with film mulching; M2, ridge-furrow planting with film mulching on both ridges and furrows; and M3, ridge-furrow planting with film mulching on continuous ridges） on the seed yield of winter oilseed rape, soil moisture, soil temperature, soil organic carbon（SOC） content, soil nutrient content, and soil enzymatic activity over three growing seasons from 2012 to 2015 in a winter oilseed rape field in the semi-arid area of Northwest China. Seed yield of winter oilseed rape, soil moisture, soil temperature, enzymatic activities, and contents of nitrate-nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium were all significantly higher in mulching treatments（M1, M2 and M3） than in control treatment over the three growing seasons, whereas SOC content was significantly lower in mulching treatments than in control treatment during 2013–2014 and 2014–2015. Among the three mulching treatments（M1, M2 and M3）, the M3 treatment showed consistently higher seed yield, SOC content, nutrient contents, and enzymatic activities than the other two treatments. Seed yield of winter oilseed rape was 41.1% and 15.0% higher in M3 than in M1 and M2, respectively. SOC content and soil enzymatic activities in the top 0–20 cm soil layers and nitrate-nitrogen content in the top 0–30 cm soil layers were all significantly higher in M3 than in M1 and M2. Therefore, we advise the ridge-furrow planting with film mulching on continuous ridges（i.e., M3） as an efficient planting and mulching pattern for sustainably improving the seed yield of winter oilseed rape and preserving soil fertility in the semi-arid area of Northwest China.

关键词： film mulching soil temperature soil organic carbon soil nutrient content soil enzymatic activity winteroilseed rape Northwest China

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A review of functions and mechanisms of clay soil conditioners and catalysts in thermal remediation compared to emerging photo-thermal catalysis

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第1期147卷 22-35页

作者： Juan Zhang Shuo Wang Xin Wang Wentao Jiao Minghua Zhang Fujun Ma State key laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy School of Metallurgical and Ecological EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China College of agricultural and Environmental Sciences University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA State key laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China

High temperatures and providing sufficient time for the thermal desorption of persistent organic pollutants(POPs)from contaminated clay soils can lead to intensive energy ***,this article provides a critical review of the potential additives which can improve soil texture and increase the volatility of POPs,and then discusses their enhanced mechanisms for contributing to a green ***-based additives have been used to reduce plasticity of bentonite clay,absorb water and replenish system *** contrast,non-Ca-based additives have been used to decrease the plasticity of kaolin *** soil structure and soil plasticity can be changed through cation exchange and flocculation *** transitionmetal oxides and alkalimetal oxides can be applied to catalyze and oxidize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,petroleum and emerging *** this system,reactive oxygen species(•O_(2)^(-)and•OH)are generated fromthermal excitation without strong chemical ***,multiple active ingredients in recycled solid wastes can be controlled to reduce soil plasticity and enhance thermal ***,the alkali,nano zero-valent iron and nano-TiN can catalyze hydrodechlorination of POPs under reductive ***,photo and photo-thermal catalysis are discussed to accelerate replacement of fossil fuels by renewable energy in thermal remediation.

关键词： Persistent organic contaminants Clay soils Thermal remediation soil conditioning Synergistic catalysis

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Mulching mode and planting density affect canopy interception loss of rainfall and water use efficiency of dryland maize on the Loess Plateau of China

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Journal of arid Land 2018年第5期10卷 794-808页

作者： ZHENG Jing FAN Junliang ZHANG Fucang YAN Shicheng GUO Jinjin CHEN Dongfeng LI Zhijun key laboratory of agricultural soil and water engineering in arid and Semiarid areas of Ministry of Education Northwest A&F University Institute of water-saving Agriculture in arid areas of China Northwest A&F University

High and efficient use of limited rainwater resources is of crucial importance for the crop production in arid and semi-arid areas. To investigate the effects of different soil and crop management practices（i.e., mulching mode treatments： flat cultivation with non-mulching, flat cultivation with straw mulching, plastic-covered ridge with bare furrow and plastic-covered ridge with straw-covered furrow; and planting density treatments： low planting density of 45,000 plants/hm^2, medium planting density of 67,500 plants/hm^2 and high planting density of 90,000 plants/hm^2） on rainfall partitioning by dryland maize canopy, especially the resulted net rainfall input beneath the maize canopy, we measured the gross rainfall, throughfall and stemflow at different growth stages of dryland maize in 2015 and 2016 on the Loess Plateau of China. The canopy interception loss was estimated by the water balance method. soil water storage, leaf area index, grain yield（as well as it components） and water use efficiency of dryland maize were measured or calculated. Results showed that the cumulative throughfall, cumulative stemflow and cumulative canopy interception loss during the whole growing season accounted for 42.3%–77.5%, 15.1%–36.3% and 7.4%–21.4% of the total gross rainfall under different treatments, respectively. soil mulching could promote the growth and development of dryland maize and enhance the capability of stemflow production and canopy interception loss, thereby increasing the relative stemflow and relative canopy interception loss and reducing the relative throughfall. The relative stemflow and relative canopy interception loss generally increased with increasing planting density, while the relative throughfall decreased with increasing planting density. During the two experimental years, mulching mode had no significant influence on net rainfall due to the compensation between throughfall and stemflow, whereas planting density significantly affected net rainfall.

关键词： dryland maize throughfall stemflow canopy interception loss yield water use efficiency Loess Plateau

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The shifts of precipitation phases and their impacts

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第2期68卷 425-443页

作者： Xuemei LI Tao CHE Yuanlong TANG Huan’e DUAN Guigang WANG Xu ZHANG Chuanming YANG Jun WU Yue ZHANG Lanhai LI Faculty of Geomatics Lanzhou Jiaotong UniversityLanzhou 730070China National-Local Joint engineering Research Center of Technologies and Applications for National Geographic State Monitoring Lanzhou 730070China key laboratory of Science and Technology in Surveying&Mapping Gansu Province Lanzhou 730070China key laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen soil engineering Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research StationNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Xinjiang key laboratory of water Cycle and Utilization in arid Zone Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Tianshan Snow Cover and Avalanche Observation and Research Station of Xinjiang Xinyuan 835800China

Precipitation comes in various phases, including rainfall, snowfall, sleet, and hail. Shifts of precipitation phases, as well as changes in precipitation amount, intensity, and frequency, have significant impacts on regional climate, hydrology,ecology, and the energy balance of the land-atmosphere system. Over the past century, certain progress has been achieved in aspects such as the observation, discrimination, transformation, and impact of precipitation phases. Mainly including: since the1980s, studies on the observation, formation mechanism, and prediction of precipitation phases have gradually received greater attention and reached a certain scale. The estimation of different precipitation phases using new detection theories and methods has become a research focus. Avariety of discrimination methods or schemes, such as the potential thickness threshold method of the air layer, the temperature threshold method of the characteristic layer, and the near-surface air temperature threshold method,have emerged one after another. Meanwhile, comparative studies on the discrimination accuracy and applicability assessment of multiple methods or schemes have also been carried out simultaneously. In recent years, the shift of precipitation from solid to liquid(SPSL) in the mid-to-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere has become more pronounced due to global warming and human activities. It leads to an increase in rain-on-snow(ROS) events and avalanche disasters, affecting the speed, intensity, and duration of spring snow-melting, accelerating sea ice and glacier melting, releasing carbon from permafrost, altering soil moisture, productivity, and phenological characteristics of ecosystems, and thereby affecting their structures, processes, qualities, and service functions. Although some progress has been made in the study of precipitation phases, there remains considerable research potential in terms of completeness of basic data, reliability of discrimination schemes, a

关键词： Precipitation phases Shift of precipitation from solid to liquid(SPSL) Climate change water cycle processes Snowandicepr sses Snow and ice-related disasters Carbon emission from permafrost Ecosystems

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Atmospheric CO_(2) Removal Efficiency through Enhanced Silicate Weathering in Croplands:A Review with Emphasis on the Contribution of Fungi

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Journal of Earth Science 2025年第1期36卷 197-211页

作者： Zi-Bo Li Gaojun Li Jonathan M.Adams Dong-Xing Guan Liang Zhao Rongjun Bian Qing Hu Xiancai Lu Junfeng Ji Jun Chen State key laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China key laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry Ministry of EducationSchool of Earth Sciences and Engineering and Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material CyclingNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Institute of soil and water Resources and Environmental Science College of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Institute of Resource Ecosystem and Environment of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Xiong'an Institute of Innovation Chinese Academy of SciencesXiong'an 071700China

Enhanced silicate weathering(ESW)is a geoengineering method aimed at accelerating carbon dioxide(CO_(2))removal(CDR)from atmosphere by increasing the weathering flux of silicate rocks and *** has emerged as a promising strategy for *** studies underscore ESW’s substantial potential for CDR and its diverse benefits for crops when applied to ***,the well-known significant discrepancies in silicate weathering rates between laboratory and field conditions introduce uncertainty in CDR through *** compiling data from recent literature,we calculated and compared CDR efficiency(t CO_(2)t^(-1)_(silicate)ha^(-1)y^(-1))observed in mesocosm experiments and field *** findings indicate that CDR efficiencies in field trials are comparable to or exceeding that observed in mesocosm experiments by 1-3 orders of magnitude,particularly evident with wollastonite *** hierarchy of CDR efficiency among silicates suitable for ESW is ranked as follows:olivine≥wollastonite>basalt>albite≥*** suggest the potential role of biota,especially fungi,in contributing to higher CDR efficiencies observed in field trials compared to mesocosm *** further emphasize introducing fungi known for their effectiveness in silicate weathering could potentially enhance CDR efficiency through ESW in *** before implementing fungal-facilitated ESW,three key questions need addressing:(i)How does the community of introduced fungi evolve over time?(ii)What is the long-term trajectory of CDR efficiency following fungal introduction?and(iii)Could fungal introduction lead to organic matter oxidation,resulting in elevated CO_(2)emissions?These investigations are crucial for optimizing the efficiency and sustainability of fungal-facilitated ESW strategy.

关键词： enhanced weathering carbon dioxide removal efficiency fungi weathering rate altered surface layers

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