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Mechanochemical route to fabricate an efficient nitrate reduction electrocatalyst

Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 4889-4897页

作者： Yunliang Liu Zhiyu Zheng Sobia Jabeen Naiyun Liu Yixian Liu Yuanyuan Cheng Yaxi Li Jingwen Yu Xin Wu Nina Yan Lei Xu Haitao Li Institute for Energy Research School of Energy and Power EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Jiangsu engineering Technology Research Center of Biomass Composites and Addictive Manufacturing Institute of Agricultural Facilities and EquipmentJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing 210014China key laboratory for protected agricultural engineering in the middle and lower reaches of yangtze river Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNanjing 210014China

The electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction(NO_(3)RR)to ammonia under ambient conditions is a promising approach for addressing elevated nitrate levels in water bodies,but the progress of this reaction is impeded by the complex series of chemical reactions involving electron and proton transfer and competing hydrogen evolution reaction.Therefore,it becomes imperative to develop an electro-catalyst that exhibits exceptional efficiency and remarkable selectivity for ammonia synthesis while maintaining long-term stability.Herein the magnetic biochar(Fe-C)has been synthesized by a two-step mechanochemical route after a pyrolysis treatment(450,700,and 1000℃),which not only significantly decreases the particle size,but also exposes more oxygen-rich functional groups on the surface,promoting the adsorption of nitrate and water and accelerating electron transfer to convert it into ammonia.Results showed that the catalyst(Fe-C-700)has an impressive NH_(3)production rate of 3.5 mol·h^(−1)·gcat^(−1),high Faradaic efficiency of 88%,and current density of 0.37 A·cm^(−2)at 0.8 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE).In-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)is used to investigate the reaction intermediate and to monitor the reaction.The oxygen functionalities on the catalyst surface activate nitrate ions to form various intermediates(NO_(2),NO,NH_(2)OH,and NH_(2))and reduce the rate determining step energy barrier(*NO_(3)→*NO_(2)).This study presents a novel approach for the use of magnetic biochar as an electro-catalyst in NO_(3)RR and opens the road for solving environmental and energy challenges.

关键词： mechanochemical route magnetic biochar electron transfer nitrate ammonia

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Combining genome-wide association study and transcriptome analysis to identify molecular markers and genetic basis of population-asynchronous ovarian development in Coilia nasus

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Zoological Research 2024年第3期45卷 491-505页

作者： Yue Yu Shi-Ming Wan Cheng-You Huang Shuang-Meng Zhang Ai-Li Sun Jun-Qi Liu Shun-Yao Li Yong-Fu Zhu Shu-Xin Gu Ze-Xia Gao College of Fisheries Hubei Hongshan Laboratory/Key Lab of Freshwater Animal BreedingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic BeltMinistry of EducationHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei 430070China laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Qingdao Marine Science and Technology CenterQingdaoShandong 266237China Wuhan Hengyuxin Technology Breeding Professional Cooperative WuhanHubei 430117China Hubei Provincial Aquatic Science Research Institute WuhanHubei 430208China Zhenjiang Jiangzhiyuan Fishery Technology Co. Ltd.ZhenjiangJiangsu 212213China

Coilia nasus,a migratory fish species found in the middle and lower reaches of the yangtze river and along offshore areas of China,possesses considerable aquacultural and economic potential.However,the species faces challenges due to significant variation in the gonadal development rate among females,resulting in inconsistent ovarian maturation times at the population level,an extended reproductive period,and limitations on fish growth rate due to ovarian prematurity.In the present study,we combined genome-wide association study(GWAS)and comparative transcriptome analysis to investigate the potential single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)and candidate genes associated with population-asynchronous ovarian development in C.nasus.Genotyping of the female population based on whole-genome resequencing yielded 2120695 high-quality SNPs,39 of which were suggestively associated with ovarian development.Of note,a significant SNP peak on LG21 containing 30 suggestively associated SNPs was identified,with cpne5a determined as the causal gene of the peak.Therefore,single-marker and haplotype association analyses were performed on cpne5a,revealing four genetic markers(P0.9)significantly associated with the phenotype.Comparative transcriptome analysis of precociously and normally maturing individuals screened out 29 and 426 overlapping differentially expressed genes in the brain and ovary,respectively,between individuals of different body sizes.Integrating the GWAS and transcriptome analysis results,this study identified genes and pathways related to hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis hormone secretion,extracellular matrix,angiogenesis,and gap junctions involved in population-asynchronous ovarian development.The insights gained from this study provide a basis for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying ovarian development in fish and may facilitate the genetic breeding of C.nasus strains exhibiting population-synchronous ovarian development in the future.

关键词： Coilia nasus GWAS Transcriptome Ovarian development SNP

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Biomechanical properties of ready-to-harvest rapeseed plants:Measurement and analysis

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2023年第3期10卷 391-399页

作者： Guangchao Zhan Wangyuan Zong Lina Ma Junyi Wei Wei Liu College of engineering Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070PR China key laboratory of agricultural Equipment in middle-lower reaches of the yangtze river Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuhan 430070PR China

A large loss occurs in the combine harvesting of rapeseeds due to the fragility of rapeseed pods,and all the more so with the vibration of the combine header and the collision between the header and plants.Seed loss is greatly affected by the biomechanical properties of ready-to-harvest rapeseed plants.To understand the mechanism of pod cracking and seed loss and to propose measures for alleviating them,it is needed to study the biomechanical properties of ready-to-harvest rapeseed plants.To this end,“Huayouza 62”,a widely planted rapeseed variety in central China,was selected to study the biomechanical properties,including pod-cracking resistance,main stem-shearing resistance and resonant frequencies,of whole plants.The results showed that the distribution of pod-cracking resistance forces was 1.333–6.100 N in the mature stage,and the pod width and thickness had a significant influence on the cracking resistance.The main influencing factor of the main stem-shearing resistance was the stem diameter.A thicker main stem resulted in a larger shearing resistance force but a smaller shear stress.The moisture contents of the main stems varied from 47.71%to 76.13%.However,the varying moisture contents did not show a significant impact on the shearing resistance.The resonant frequencies of whole rapeseed plants ready for harvest ranged from 6.5 Hz to 7.5 Hz,which was close to the excitation frequency of the cutter bar on the 4LL-1.5Y harvester.This study lays a foundation for improving the design and construction of harvesting devices for rapeseed plants to reduce seed loss.

关键词： Rapeseed pod Cracking resistance Shearing resistance Resonant frequency Rapeseed harvesting

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Design of a fixed-pipe cold aerosol spraying system for chemical application in greenhouse

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International Journal of agricultural and Biological engineering 2023年第1期16卷 53-59页

作者： Shilin Wang Daipeng Lu Xue Li Xiaohui Lei Yuxin Tang Xiaolan Lyu Institute of agricultural Facilities and Equipment Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing 210014China key laboratory of agricultural engineering in the middle and lower reaches of yangtze river Nanjing 210014China

Since the high temperature and humidity in a closed environment,pests and diseases are infecting and spreading seriously in greenhouses.However,the prevention and control of pests and diseases in greenhouses are still dominated by knapsack sprayers.For those reasons,based on twin-fluid atomization,droplet dispersion,and constant pressure transportation technique,a fixed-pipe cold aerosol spraying system composed of the control unit and the fixed-pipe spraying unit comes into being.The indoor pipeline execution unit of the spraying system could be interfaced with the liquid-supply or gas-supply equipment such as the liquid pump,air compressor,and tank of the outdoor master control unit through a quick coupling,which could realize the separation of operator and sprayer in hermetic greenhouse.The atomization of twin-fluid nozzle and the droplet deposition and distribution of the spraying system in greenhouse were tested.Results showed that about 70%of the particle size of the twin-fluid flow nozzle concentrated in the range of 32-65μm under the spraying air pressure ranged from 0.2 MPa to 0.4 MPa.When the air pressure was 0.2 MPa,0.3 MPa,and 0.4 MPa,the wind speed at the nozzle outlet reached supersonic speed,as the corresponding VMD of droplets were 45.6μm,43.2μm,and 36.8μm,respectively.The higher the air pressure is,the more uniform the spray deposition is in the greenhouse.When the air pressure was 0.2 MPa,0.3 MPa,and 0.4 MPa,the CVs of the liquid deposition in the greenhouse were 109.1%,62.6%,and 35.4%,respectively.The droplets produced by the spraying system will rapidly disperse into the whole greenhouse.The average deposition was 2.99μL/cm2 in the front area of the nozzle,the deposition was 1.24μL/cm2 in the area between two nozzles,and the deposition was 0.58μL/cm2 in the area behind the nozzles.The spraying system is characterized by the distribution of spraying liquid throughout the entire greenhouse.

关键词： greenhouse twin-fluid nozzle spraying system droplet spectra distribution deposition

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Design of a flexible end-effector based on characteristics of tomatoes

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International Journal of agricultural and Biological engineering 2022年第24期15卷 13-24页

作者： Kehong Zhou Liru Xia Jun Liu Mingyan Qian Jie Pi Institute of agricultural engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001China Institute of agricultural Facilities and Equipment Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Protected Agriculture Engineering in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze RiverMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairesNanjing 210014China

The end-effector is the last executing part of the interaction between robots and fruits.In this study,the physical characteristics of tomatoes and the tomato end-effector of the fluidic elastomer actuator type were studied.There was no correlation between the test point,the mass,the size and the rupture force of tomatoes.The non-destructive clamping force of tomatoes was 11.13 N.There were statistically significant correlations between the number of finger chambers,the transverse diameter of tomatoes,the inflation pressure and the clamping force.The inflation pressure and the size of tomatoes were directly proportional to the clamping force.Since fingers with more chambers had higher flexibility,the number of chambers was inversely proportional to the slope of the horizontal force-pressure curve,and the number of chambers was directly proportional to the angle between the total clamping force and the horizontal direction.A flexible end-effector was designed by genetic algorithm according to the physical characteristics of tomatoes and the simulation results of the finger of the end-effector.The test results of the end-effector showed that the tomatoes would be successfully clamped by the end-effector composed of three four-chamber fingers in a static situation with the inflation pressure less than the optimized inflation pressure(28.293 kPa).When in a dynamic situation,the success rate of tomatoes being clamped by the end-effector with an inflation pressure of 29 kPa was 97%.The tomatoes in the static clamping test and the dynamic clamping test were not damaged.

关键词： end-effector fluid elastomer actuator non-destructive flexible genetic algorithm characteristics of tomatoes

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Development of unilateral obstacle-avoiding mower for Y-trellis pear orchard

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International Journal of agricultural and Biological engineering 2022年第1期15卷 71-78页

作者： Xiaohui Lei Yannan Qi Jin Zeng Quanchun Yuan Youhong Chang Xiaolan Lyu Institute of agricultural Facilities and Equipment Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Protected Agriculture Engineering in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze RiverMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNanjing 210014China Institute of Pomology Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic ImprovementNanjing 210014China

To solve the problem of weeding under Y-trellis pear orchards,a unilateral obstacle-avoiding mower(UOAM)was developed in this study.The mower is composed of an obstacle-avoiding disc mechanism,a hydraulic profiling mechanism,and a cutting disc mechanism.The diameter of the obstacle-avoiding disc was 0.7 m,which could swing around the trunk or ground pile actuated by the spring mechanism.The piston movement of the hydraulic cylinder controls the working position of the obstacle-avoiding disc.The maximum extension distance of the hydraulic profiling arm was 1 m.Based on the national standards and actual situation of orchards,the optimum parameters were determined with a combination of advancing speed of 0.44 m/s,rotation speed of the cutting disc at 2000 r/min,blade number of 2,and cutting edge length of 0.2 m.Finally,the design parameters were verified by the mathematical model of the blade cutting edge trajectory and multi-body dynamics simulation.Taking stubble cutting stability,leakage rate,working efficiency and costs as the test indexes,field performance comparison tests were carried out on the three operation modes of UOAM mowing,shoulder carrying mower(SCM)mowing and manual weeding.Test results showed that the coefficient variation of stubble cutting height of UOAM was the smallest,showing that the working stability of UOAM was better than the other two treatments.The leakage rate of UOAM was 2.42%,and its coefficient variation was lower than that of SCM.The working efficiency of UOAM was much higher than that of SCM and manual weeding,which was 4.44 times of SCM and 20 times of manual weeding.The profitable area of UOAM was 7.02 hm^(2),showing that it was suitable for large-scale mechanized Y-trellis pear orchards.

关键词： unilateral obstacle-avoiding mower Y-trellis pear orchard movement trajectory working performance

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Photo-responsive shape memory polymer composites enabled by doping with biomass-derived carbon nanomaterials

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Nano Research 2022年第2期15卷 1383-1392页

作者： Nina Yan Zhiyu Zheng Yunliang Liu Xizhi Jiang Jiamin Wu Min Feng Lei Xu Qingbao Guan Haitao Li Institute of agricultural Facilities and Equipment Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory for Protected Agricultural Engineering in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze RiverMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNanjing 210014China Institute for Energy Research School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China State key laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai 201620China

As photothermal conversion agents,carbon nanomaterials are widely applied in polymers for light-triggered shape memory behaviors on account of their excellent light absorption.However,they are usually derived from non-renewable fossil resources,which go against the demand for sustainable development.Biomass-derived carbon nanomaterials are expected as alternatives if they are designed with good dispersibility as well as splendid photothermal properties.Up to date,very few researches focused on this area.Herein,we report a novel light-triggered shape memory composite by incorporating renewable biomass-derived carbon nanomaterials into acrylate polymers without deep purification and processing.These functionalized carbon nanomaterials not only have stable dispersion in polymers as fillers,but also can endow the polymers with excellent and stable thermal and photothermal responsive properties in biological friendly environment.With the introduction of biomass-derived carbon nanomaterials,the mechanical properties of the composites are also further enhanced with the formation of hydrogen bonding between the carbon nanomaterials and the polymers.Notably,the doping of 1%carbon nanomaterials endows the polymer with sufficient hydrogen bonds that not only exhibit excellent thermal and photothermal responsive properties,but also with enough space for the motion of chains.These properties make such composite a promising and safe candidate for shape memory applications,which provide a new avenue in smart fabrics or intelligent soft robotics.

关键词： biomass carbon nanomaterials shape memory polymers thermal responsive photothermal responsive

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Root characteristics and yield of rice as affected by the cultivation pattern of strong seedlings with increased planting density and reduced nitrogen application

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第5期21卷 1278-1289页

作者： GUAN Xian-jiao CHEN Jin CHEN Xian-mao XIE Jiang DENG Guo-qiang HU Li-zhen LI Yao QIAN Yin-fei QIU Cai-fei PENG Chun-rui Jiangxi Academy of agricultural Sciences/key laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the middle and lower reaches of the yangtze river Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil ImprovementNanchang 330200P.R.China

To address the relationships between the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application and the yield of double cropping rice systems,we investigated the effects of a cultivation pattern of strong seedlings with increased planting density and reduced nitrogen application(SDN)on the morphological and physiological characteristics of double cropping rice.Our results indicated that the effects of SDN on the morphological characteristics of the single plant roots of double cropping rice were not significant,but the morphological characteristics of the population roots were largely different.Specifically,SDN significantly increased the morphological indexes of the root population such as root fresh weight,root volume,root number,root length and root dry weight.The effects of SDN on the total root absorption areas and root active absorption areas of the single plants were non-significant,but it dramatically enhanced the total root absorption areas and root active absorption areas of the plant population during the tillering,heading and mature stages.In addition,SDN significantly increased the root bleeding intensity and elevated the soluble sugar and free amino acid contents of root bleeding sap.Compared to the traditional cultivation pattern(CK),SDN significantly increased root bleeding intensity at the heading stage by 4.37 and 8.90% for early and late rice,respectively.Meanwhile,SDN profoundly enhanced the soluble sugar contents of root bleeding sap by 12.85 and 10.41% for early and late rice,respectively.In addition,SDN also significantly enhanced free amino acid content of root bleeding sap by 43.25% for early rice and by 37.50% for late rice systems compared to CK.Furthermore,SDN increased the actual yield of double cropping rice mainly due to the higher effective panicle number and the larger seedsetting rate.The actual yields of early rice under SDN were higher than CK by 9.37 and 5.98% in 2016 and 2017,and the actual yields of late rice under SDN were higher than CK by 0.20 and 1.41% in 2016 and 2017,respectively.C

关键词： planting density nitrogen fertilizer double cropping rice root yield

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Application performances of two greenhouses with new types of backwall in Yangling,China

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International Journal of agricultural and Biological engineering 2022年第3期15卷 62-71页

作者： Yachen Sun Haotian Wang Chenmeng Zhu Hongyi Lyu Xuanhe Zhang Yanfei Cao Jianming Li Zhirong Zou Encai Bao College of Architecture and Urban Planning Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China key laboratory of protected Horticultural engineering in Northwest Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffiairsDepartment of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina Office of Academic Affairs Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Institute of agricultural Facilities and Equipment Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural ScienceKey Laboratory of Protected Agriculture Engineering in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze RiverMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNanjing 210014China

In order to investigate the application performances of the solar greenhouses with new types of backwall(greenhouse W_(2),and greenhouse W_(3))and the ordinary clay brick backwall greenhouse(greenhouse W_(1)),and provide a theoretical basis for the construction of solar greenhouse in Yangling Demonstration Zone,Shaanxi,China,two greenhouses with different new types of backwall were designed.The backwall of one of them was built with lightweight aggregate concrete block(greenhouse W_(2))and that of the other one was assembled with a row of sand-filled cement pipes(greenhouse W_(3)).The tested greenhouses were constructed in Yangling Demonstration Zone.Based on the data collected on typical sunny and cloudy days,the indoor temperature,inside wall temperature,and the heat flow of the greenhouses with new types of backwall were compared with those detected in the ordinary clay brick backwall solar greenhouse,and the tested results were numerically simulated.According to the comparison of the physiological indicators of tomatoes planted in the greenhouses and the construction costs,the greenhouse type with the best practicability was found.The results indicated that:The average air temperature in greenhouses W_(1),W_(2),and W_(3)and outside was 15.1℃,15.9℃,17.3℃,and−0.4℃ on the night of a sunny day,and the air temperature in W_(3)was the highest.The average air temperature in greenhouses W_(1),W_(2),and W_(3)and outside were 9.5℃,13.3℃,11.0℃,and−5.5℃ on the night of a cloudy day,the air temperature in W_(2)was the highest.In the depth of 0-330 mm from the interface of the backwalls,the walls were obviously affected by the solar radiation,and the temperature changed greatly.The wall temperature on the sunny days exhibited an ascending order of W_(1),W_(2),W_(3),while on the cloudy days was in the ascending order of W_(1),W_(3),W_(2).The wall of W_(3)absorbed the most heat during the daytime and released the most heat at night on the sunny day,while W_(2)exhibited the second most heat absorption during the daytime,howev

关键词： application performances solar greenhouse backwall temperature

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Extracting subpixel vegetation NDVI time series for evaluating the mixed pixel effect on GPP estimation in urban areas

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2023年第1期16卷 3222-3238页

作者： Shuxu Li Zheng Zhou Rongfei Ma Shishi Liu Qingfeng Guan School of Resources and Environment Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiPeople’s Republic of China key laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(middle and lower reaches of yangtze river) Ministry of AgricultureWuhanPeople’s Republic of China yangtze river Basin Ecological Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center Yangtze River Basin Ecological Environment Supervision and Administration BureauMinistry of Ecology and EnvironmentWuhanHubeiPeople’s Republic of China School of Geography and Information engineering China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)WuhanHubeiPeople’s Republic of China National engineering Research Center of GIS China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)WuhanHubeiPeople’s Republic of China

The normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)is the most widely used vegetation index for monitoring vegetation vigor and cover.As NDVI time series are usually derived at coarse or medium spatial resolutions,pixel size often represents a mixture of vegetated and non-vegetated surfaces.In heterogeneous urban areas,mixed pixels impede the accurate estimation of gross primary productivity(GPP).To address the mixed pixel effect on'NDVI time series and GPP estimation,we proposed a framework to extract subpixel vegetation NDVI(NDVI_(vege))from Landsat OLI images in urban areas,using endmember fractions,mixed NDVI(NDVI_(mix)),and NDVI.of non-vegetation,endmembers.Results demonstrated that the NDVI_(vege) extracted by this framework agreed well with the true NDVI_(vege) cross seasons and vegetation fractions,with R^(2) ranging from 0.74 to 0.82 and RMSE ranging from 0.03 to 0.04.The NDVI_(vege) time series was applied to evaluate vegetation GP in Wuhan,China.The total annual GPp estimated with NDVI_(vege) was 28-35%higher than the total annual GPP estimated with NDVI_(mix) implying uncertainty in the GPP estimations caused by mixed pixels.This study showed the potential of the proposed framework to resolve NDVI_(vege) for characterizing vegetation dynamics in heterogeneous areas.

关键词： Normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) mixture analysis urban vegetation gross primary production(GPP)

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