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Accelerated warming of High Mountain Asia predicted at multiple years ahead

science Bulletin 2025年第3期70卷 419-428页

作者： Shuai Hu Tianjun Zhou Bo Wu key laboratory of Earth System numerical modeling and Application Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of the Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

High-Mountain Asia(HMA)is an important source of freshwater since it holds the largest reservoir of frozen water outside the polar *** feeds ten great rivers,ultimately supporting more than 2 billion ***,the threat of accelerated glacier melt,which is a consequence of unprecedented global warming since the early 1950s,threatens water resources in the surrounding *** predictions of the near-term temperature change and synergistic mass loss of glaciers are essential but challenging to implement because of the impacts of internal climate ***,based on large ensembles of state-of-the-art decadal climate prediction experiments,we provide evidence that the internally generated surface air temperature variations in HMA can be predicted multiple years in advance,and the model initialization has robust added value to the decadal prediction ***-time decadal forecasts suggest that the HMA will experience accelerated warming in 2025-2032,where the surface warming will increase by 0.98°C(0.67 to 1.33°C;5%to 95%range)relative to the reference period 1991-2020,which is equivalent to 1.75 times the observed warming during *** decadal predictability originates from extratropical Pacific decadal variability modes,which modulate the convective heating in the tropical Pacific and influence HMA via the eastward-propagating atmospheric Kelvin *** warming in the coming decade will likely increase the shrinkage of the glacier volume over the HMA by 1.4%.This change poses unprecedented challenges,including potential water scarcity,ecosystem disruption,and increased risk of natural disasters,to HMA and surrounding regions.

关键词： Decadal prediction High Mountain Asia Surface air temperature Pacific decadal variabilities Glacier

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Adsorption Characteristics of Congo Red Dye onto Calcinated Mytilus edulis Shell Powders

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2025年第1期24卷 229-237页

作者： WANG Xin GE Xiangyun ZHU Siqi LIU Weixiang XING Ronge LI Pengcheng LI Kecheng marine science and Engineering College Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109China key laboratory of Experimental marine Biology Center for Ocean Mega-ScienceInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China laboratory for marine Drugs and Bioproducts Qingdao Marine Science and Technology CenterQingdao 266237China

Dye wastewater poses a significant threat to aquatic organisms due to its high *** or eliminating the dye waste from the water is necessary for a healthy and sustainable *** study investigated the adsorption properties of Congo red dye on Mytilus edulis shell powders prepared by calcination at 500℃,700℃,and 900℃.The modified shell powder products were analyzed by SEM(scanning eletron microscopy)and FTIR(fourier transform infrared spectroscopy)for the morphology and structural *** effects of different calcination temperatures,reaction times,reaction temperatures,and initial concentration of Congo red on the adsorption properties were *** adsorption kinetics and isothermal adsorption models were also *** results revealed that the shell powder calcinated at 900℃showed the best adsorption capacity on Congo red from aqueous *** adsorption reaction reached equilibrium after 150 min and followed by the pseudo-second-order kinetic *** 25℃,96.2%of the Congo red in the solution could be removed,and the adsorption capacity could reach at least 1015 mg g^(–1).The adsorption isotherm is fit with the Freundlich model,indicating a multiphase adsorption *** results are helpful for cleaning and treating printing and dyeing effluents as well as high-value utilization of shell waste resources.

关键词： adsorption Congo red high-temperature calcination Mytilus edulis shell

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Experimental Study on Diesel Spray and Flame Asymmetry Characteristics of Dual-Orifice Nozzles for a Medium-Speed Engine

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Journal of Thermal science 2025年第1期34卷 303-322页

作者： JU Dehao LIURui ZHENG Liang DENG Jiahui ZHANG Wenzheng HUO Jinlu HUANG Li Shanghai marine Diesel Engine Research Institute Shanghai 201108China National key laboratory of marine Engine science and Technology Shanghai 201108China key laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

The asymmetry of the multi-orifice spray will cause uneven heat load of the marine diesel engine,thereby affecting its working performance and service ***,an in-depth understanding of the spray and flame characteristics of multi-orifice nozzles will guide the optimization of the nozzle structure,needle design and diesel atomization and combustion *** this reason,four groups of dual-orifice nozzles with different hole diameters(0.1-0.55 mm)and mass flow rates covering the typical marine medium-speed diesel injections are designed and customized,and the constant volume chamber(CVC)with high temperature and pressure is used to simulate the actual in-cylinder working conditions of the diesel engine for the spray visualization *** study the asymmetry of the fuel sprays discharged from a diesel injector,the multi-orifice nozzle is simplified as a dual-orifice nozzle in this *** with X-ray Computed Tomography(CT)imaging technology,the influences of the nozzle internal structure on the spray and flame asymmetry are studied in the constructed supercritical *** is found that the asymmetry of the inlet angle and the equivalent length-diameter ratio is positively correlated with the inconsistency of the dual *** an increase in the injection pressure and nozzle diameter,the asymmetry of the dual spray becomes more pronounced,resulting in greater disparities in the ignition delay times and ignition positions of the two ***,the increase in nozzle diameter also leads to combustion instability,resulting in a flame with a serrated *** the increase of ambient temperature,the proportion of liquid phase in the jet decreases and the relative density of spray front decreases.

关键词： dual-orifice nozzle nozzle structure atomization spray flame asymmetry

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Internal solitary waves in the Shenhu continental shelf slope break zone of the northern South China Sea generate benthic storms

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science China Earth sciences 2025年第3期68卷 928-942页

作者： Yonggang JIA Xuezhi FENG Chaoqi ZHU Linsen WANG Xiaolei LIU Cong HU Hongwei WANG Shandong Provincial key laboratory of marine Environment and Geological Engineering Ocean University of China laboratory for marine Geology Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center key laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques Ministry of Education Ocean University of China

Internal solitary waves can generate intense bottom currents and turbulent mixing over continental slopes, influencing the redistribution of sediments and pollutants, as well as driving changes in marine geomorphology and ecosystems. However,owing to the lack of detailed quantitative measurements of the bottom boundary layer, the mechanisms and impacts of internal solitary waves in resuspending and transporting seafloor sediments remain poorly understood. In this study, we present highresolution in situ observations of hydrodynamics in the upper layer(14–265 m) and the bottom boundary layer(laboratory measurements, and the observed fluctuating pressure is approximately 2.3 to 7 times greater than that in previous coastal observations. The sediments stirred by benthic storms are transported vertically to more than 100 m above the seabed,with lateral transport extending tens of kilometres beyond the study area. This process is driven by the dynamic mechanism of“strongly nonlinear internal solitary waves lifting sediments, weakly nonlinear internal solitary waves assisted by internal tides,and contour currents transporting sediments.” The suspended sediment flux induced by internal solitary waves in the South China Sea is on the same order of magnitude as that of global dust storm emissions, 21.9 times the volume of Asian dust storms entering the sea, and approximately 21 times the fluvial sediment flux entering the northern South China Sea. These find

关键词： Internal solitary waves Benthic storms Shear stress Suspended sediment flux Fluvial sediment flux

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Radical dehydroxymethylative fluorination of aliphatic primary alcohols and diverse functionalization ofα-fluoroimides via BF_(3)·OEt_(2)-catalyzed C-F bond activation

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2025年第1期36卷 239-243页

作者： Peng Wang Jianjun Wang Ni Song Xin Zhou Ming Li Molecular Synthesis Center Key Laboratory of Marine MedicineChinese Ministry of EducationSchool of Medicine and PharmacyOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China laboratory for marine Drugs and Bioproducts Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China

Ag_(2)CO_(3)-promoted dehydroxymethylative fluorination of aliphatic alcohols has been achieved with Selectfluor as both oxidant and fluorine *** reaction involvesβ-fragmentation of primary alkoxy radicals,followed by the fluorination of the resulting C-centered radical *** transformation proceeds under mild reaction conditions and exhibits a broad substrate scope,thus opening up a new entrance to the synthesis of fluorinated constructs includingα-fluoroimides and 1-fluoroalkyl benzoates as well as secondary and tertiary alkyl fluorides like versatile 2-fluoro-2-alkyl 1,3-propandiol *** divergent functionalization of the obtainedα-fluoroimides enables an efficient access to amine derivatives through C-F bond activation under the action of BF_(3)·OEt_(2).

关键词： Dehydroxymethylative fluorination Alkoxy radicals β-Fragmentation Silver catalysis C-F Bond activation

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A comparison of the proto-dolomite induced by cyanobacteria and halophilic bacteria:implications for dolomite-inducing microbe identification

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2025年第01期14卷 277-290页

作者：赵延洋 Xiang-Yu Wei Xiao Gao Na Guo Jie Li Kai-Ming Hu Chao Han Qi-Yu Wang 韩作振 Shandong Provincial key laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals College of Earth Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology laboratory for marine Mineral Resources Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology key laboratory of Sedimentary Basin and Oil and Gas Resources Ministry of Natural Resources key laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas China University of Petroleum

This study investigates the morphological and mineralogical characteristics of proto-dolomite induced by two specific microorganisms with varying lifestyles:the extremely halophilic bacterium Vibrio harveyi QPL2 and the cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya boryana. Halophilic bacterially-induced proto-dolomite(HBD) and cyanobacterially-induced proto-dolomite (CBD) were subjected to comprehensive characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Focused Ion Beam, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicate that both HBD and CBD exhibit a low degree of crystallinity and possess comparable molar ratios of MgCO3to CaCO3. Moreover, neither of them exhibits the ordered structure of ideal dolomite. HBD and CBD exhibit notable distinctions in external morphology and internal structure. HBD forms a subunit aggregate with a less dense surface and numerous pinhole structures resulting from bacterial survival. In contrast, CBD adopts a bispherical shape with a relatively dense surface and minimal indications of cyanobacterial survival. Both HBD and CBD have an internal hollow structure. However, HBD is characterized by sparse population and loosely arranged subunits, while CBD features only a central cavity. Additionally, HBD particles are smaller compared to CBD particles. These morphological differences suggest that HBD primarily grows through bacterial surface-dependent processes,whereas the growth of CBD is not directly reliant on the surface of cyanobacteria. Compositionally, the weightpercentage of crystalline water in CBD exceeded that of HBD with a value of 29.42%compared to 5.9%. This increase in internal crystalline water enables a faster conversion of CBD to the ordered ideal dolomite in a specific diagenetic environment. This study implies that the morphology and composition of microbial protodolomite may aid in identifying the type of dolomite-inducing microbes.

关键词： Proto-dolomite Cyanobacteria Halophile Crystal morphology Water of crystallization

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Sr-Nd isotopic characteristics and their significance in provenance tracing of detrital sediment in major rivers and marginal seas of eastern China

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science China Earth sciences 2025年第2期68卷 523-537页

作者： Xiaobao GAO Chao LI Zhifei DUAN Yulong GUO Shouye YANG State key laboratory of marine Geology Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

Sr-Nd isotopes are widely utilized as reliable tracers in sediment provenance *** this study,we compiled 304 Sr and 335 Nd isotope data of fine-grained surface sediments collected from major rivers in eastern China,including the Huanghe River,Changjiang River,southeastern coastal rivers,and rivers in Taiwan Island,as well as from marginal seas(Yellow Sea and East China Sea)and the Okinawa *** comprehensive dataset allowed us to examine the spatial distribution patterns of these isotopes and their implications for provenance *** variations ofεNd values in the sediments in Changjiang and Huanghe Basins primarily reflect the diversity of sediment sources,whereas the^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios are influenced by both grain size and source ***,the reduction in^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios observed in the middle and lower Changjiang River is attributed to the inputs of sources characterized by distinct^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr signatures beyond mere grain size *** the southeastern coastal and Taiwan rivers,sediments in the tidal reaches of the Jiao River exhibit hybrid characteristics,a mix of Changjiang-derived sediment and those originating from local ***,the Min River and Jiulong River sediments predominantly reflect local sources,with minimal influence from the Changjiang *** significant isotopic variation of Sr-Nd isotopic characteristics observed between riverine sediments on the eastern and western sides of Taiwan Island underscores the diverse provenance heterogeneity of source rocks in the *** the marginal seas,our data indicates that the surface sediments in the central mud area of the South Yellow Sea and the southern Yellow Sea are predominantly sourced from the Changjiang River catchment,potentially augmented by inputs from Korean *** inner shelf sediments of the East China Sea are primarily influenced by Changjiang River inputs,whereas rivers in eastern Taiwan Island contribute to the sediments on

关键词： Sr-Nd isotope Provenance tracing Detrital sediments Eastern China rivers Marginal seas

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Response surface optimization of preparation parameters and evaluation of the antioxidant and antihypertensive activities of Spirulina protein hydrolysates

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2025年第1期43卷 196-209页

作者： Qishan SUO Zhenzhen DENG Yang YUE Jing WANG Ning WU Lihua GENG Quanbin ZHANG CAS and Shandong Province key laboratory of Experimental marine Biology Center for Ocean Mega-ScienceInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China laboratory for marine Biology and Biotechnology Qingdao Marine Science and Technology CenterQingdao 266237China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 101408China

Safety,high protein content,and the numerous health benefits make Spirulina an outstanding source of bioactive *** from Spirulina,which exhibit antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and antihypertensive effects,may assist in the management of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs).Here,we present the optimization of enzyme-digested hydrolysates derived from Spirulina *** using response surface methodology(RSM).We also evaluated the biological activity of Spirulina protein hydrolysates(SPHs)in contributing to the amelioration of hypertension and associated cardiovascular *** findings suggest that Spirulina protein extracts contain a complex proteinaceous composition with phycocyanin being the dominant protein,as evidenced by both SDS-PAGE and LC-MS/MS *** protease,protease K,andα-chymotrypsin exhibited a substantial hydrolytic effect on Spirulina protein,taking into account their degree of hydrolysis(DH),peptide yield,and molecular weight ***-factor experiments identified pH,temperature,and enzyme/substrate ratio as the key factors influencing ***,optimal hydrolysis conditions for the proteases were determined via RSM,leading to a considerable enhancement of the actual *** showed that SPHs have strong antioxidant activity against various free radicals,with a higher ability to scavenge hydroxyl ***,SPHs inhibited macrophage nitric oxide secretion and significantly inhibited angiotensin I-converting enzyme in vitro at 400μg/*** is worth noting that SPHs prepared with protease K exhibited a potent anti-hypertensive effect in *** findings indicate the potential usefulness of including dietary SPHs in preventing hypertension and associated *** research could be valuable in guiding the development of health-promoting foods within the Spirulina industry.

关键词： antioxidant activity antihypertensive effect angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition response surface methodology Spirulina

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Efficient conversion of chitin to HMF under the cocatalytic system of formic acid and silicotungstic acid

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2025年第1期43卷 261-273页

作者： Luxiao ZHOU Kun GAO Peng HE Huahua YU Ronge XING Song LIU Yukun QIN College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266042China CAS and Shandong Province key laboratory of Experimental marine Biology Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China laboratory for marine Drugs and Bioproducts Qingdao Marine Science and Technology CenterQingdao 266237China

The conversion process of chitin,one of the abundant biomass resources on the earth,not only follows the principles of green chemistry,but also has significant value in industrial ***,it is a great challenge to directly convert insoluble and rigid structured chitin to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF).To address this issue,we developed a green conversion process combining pretreatment and catalytic *** was first pretreated by hexafluoro isopropanol(HFIP),which somewhat disrupted the hydrogen bonding network within the chitin ***,formic acid(FA)and silicotungstic acid(STA)synergistically catalyzed the conversion to HMF in a biphasic system of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran(2-Me-THF)/H2O,and high yields(40.2%)HMF was obtained under the optimism *** product distribution was analyzed by HPLC-MS and the co-catalysis of FA with STA was evidenced.A dual-function catalytic system with both Lewis and Br?nsted acids was created,the catalytic system that significantly improved the efficiency of complex tandem catalytic reactions with *** on the experimental results,a possible pathway for chitin conversion was deduced,providing a new catalytic idea for the efficient conversion of chitin to HMF.

关键词： chitin 5-hydroxymethylfurfural 2-Me-THF/H2O biphasic system Lewis and Br?nsted acid

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Intestinal Flatulence in Pampus argenteus:Changes in Gut Microbiota

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2025年第1期24卷 182-194页

作者： NIE Wenhao ZHANG Man ZHANG Youyi LI Yuanbo XU Shanliang HU Jiabao WANG Yajun YAN Xiaojun key laboratory of Applied marine Biotechnology Ministry of EducationNingbo UniversityNingbo 315832China key laboratory of marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315832China College of marine sciences Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315832China

Pampus argenteus is a commercially valuable species in many *** artificial cultivation has been impacted by intestinal flatulence,leading to increased ***,the role of gut microbiota in this process remains ***,this study utilized high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes to investigate the gut microbiota in both flatulent and healthy ***.A total of 227571 high-quality and classifiable reads,representing 312 Amplicon Sequence Variants(ASVs),were *** emerged as the predominant phylum in all samples,with the flatulent group displaying the highest relative abundance(85.3%).Microbial diversity was significantly greater in samples from water than those from *** analysis using Bray-Curtis distance via CPCoA revealed distinct gut microbiota compositions between the samples with flatulence and the healthy ***-occurrence network analysis demonstrated that the bacterial community in the flatulent group exhibited disorder due to the high abundance of *** predictive analysis(PICRUSt2)indicated that flatulence in *** was associated with impaired methane and lipid metabolism,potentially resulting in excessive methane synthesis utilizing hydrogen and acetic acid as substrates produced by Clostridium sensu stricto 1,Cetobacterium,and *** study holds significant implications for early diagnosis and prevention of intestinal flatulence through the regulation of gut microbiota.

关键词： Pampus argenteus gut microbiota 16S rRNA intestinal flatulence PICRUSt2

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