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Occupational exposure assessment of phthalate esters in indoor and outdoor microenvironments

Journal of environmental sciences 2018年第10期30卷 75-88页

作者： Meng Xia Xingzi Ouyang Xueqing Wang Xueyou Shen Yu Zhan college of environmental & Resource sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China Zhejiang Provincial key laboratory of Organic Pollution process and Control Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China

Phthalate esters（PAEs） are widely used as plasticizers in consumer products. PAEs are a group of environmental hormone which disrupts human and animals＇ endocrine systems. Different occupational groups are exposed to various levels of PAEs. In the present study, four typical occupational groups were chosen, including doctors, college teachers, college students, and drivers who worked in public traffic system. In order to understand the exposure levels to PAEs via inhalation, air samples were collected from multiple microenvironments including indoor and outdoor in Hangzhou to measure the gas and particle concentrations of six PAEs, together with time spent in different microenvironments of these four groups. A comprehensive PAEs exposure model was built to estimate the daily PAEs exposure through inhalation, oral and dermal pathways. The Monte Carlo simulation results show that doctors were exposed to the highest level of PAEs, and consequently had the highest health risk among these four occupational groups. In contrast, college students had the lowest health risk. By setting the exposure level of staying in residences as the baseline, doctors and drivers were two occupations exposed to high PAEs health risk. Di-（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate（DEHP） was the largest contributor among the six phthalates, posing moderate health risk（10-5–10-6） to every occupation. For traffic microenvironments alone, the total exposure levels for different transportation modes were in the descending order of busses, cars, cabs, tubes, motor bikes, and walking.

关键词： Phthalate esters Microenvironment Occupation Exposure assessment Uncertainty analysis

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Modeling the spatio-temporal changes in land uses and its impacts on ecosystem services in Northeast China over 2000–2050

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Journal of geographical sciences 2018年第11期28卷 1611-1625页

作者：夏天吴文斌周清波谭文霞 Peter H.VERBURG 杨鹏叶利明 key laboratory of Agri-informatics Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences key laboratory for geographical process analysis & simulation Hubei Province/College of Urban & Environmental ScienceCentral China Normal University Institute for environmental Studies VU University Amsterdam CAAS-UGent Joint laboratory of Global Change and Food Security/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Department of Geology(WE13) Ghent University

Land use and its dynamics have attracted considerable scientific attention for their significant ecological and socioeconomic *** studies have investigated the past changes in land use,but efforts exploring the potential changes in land use and implications under future scenarios are still *** we simulate the future land use changes and their impacts on ecosystem services in Northeast China(NEC) over the period of 2000–2050 using the CLUE–S(Conversion of Land Use and its Effects at Small regional extent) model under the scenarios of ecological security(ESS),food security(FSS) and comprehensive development(CDS).The model was validated against remote sensing data in ***,the accuracy of the CLUE–S model was evaluated at 82.5%.Obtained results show that future cropland changes mainly occur in the Songnen Plain and the Liaohe Plain,forest and grassland changes are concentrated in the southern Lesser Khingan Mountains and the western Changbai Mountains,while the Sanjiang Plain will witness major changes of the *** results also show that even though CDS is defined based on the goals of the regional development plan,the ecological service value(ESV) under CDS is RMB 2656.18 billion in *** ESV of CDS is lower compared with the other ***,CDS is not an optimum scenario for eco-environmental protection,especially for the wetlands,which should be given higher priority for future *** issue of coordination is also critical in future *** results can help to assist structural adjustments for agriculture and to guide policy interventions in NEC.

关键词： Northeast China land use spatio-temporal change scenario ecosystem service

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Synergic action of linear dispersion, second-order nonlinearity, and third-order nonlinearity in shaping the spectral profile of a femtosecond pulse transporting in a lithium niobate crystal

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Photonics Research 2024年第4期12卷 774-783页

作者： LIHONG HONG YUANYUAN LIU ZHI-YUAN LI State key laboratory of High Field Laser Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China School of Physics and Optoelectronics South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China

We present a detailed theoretical and numerical analysis on the temporal-spectral-spatial evolution of a highpeak-power femtosecond laser pulse in two sets of systems:a pure lithium niobate(LN)plate and a periodically poled lithium niobate(PPLN)*** develop a modified unidimensional pulse propagation model that considers all the prominent linear and nonlinear processes and carried out the simulation process based on an improved split-step Fourier transformation *** theoretically analyze the synergic action of the linear dispersion effect,the second-order nonlinearity(2nd-NL)second-harmonic generation(SHG)effect,and the third-order nonlinearity(3rd-NL)self-phase modulation(SPM)effect,and clarify the physical mechanism underlying the peculiar and diverse spectral broadening patterns previously reported in LN and PPLN thin plate *** analysis and discussion provides a deeper insight into the synergetic contribution of these linear and nonlinear effects brought about by the interaction of a femtosecond laser pulse with the LN nonlinear crystal and helps to draw a picture to fully understand these fruitful optical physical processes,phenomena,and laws.

关键词： pulse nonlinearity lithium

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Modeling the rice phenology and production in China with SIMRIW： sensitivity analysis and parameter estimation

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2014年第4期8卷 505-511页

作者： Shuai ZHANG Fulu TAO Runhe SHI key laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China key laboratory of Geographic Information Science East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China

Crop models are robust tools for simulating the impact of climate change on rice development and production, but are usually designed for specific stations and varieties. This study focuses on a more adaptable model called simulation Model for Rice-Weather Relations （SIMRIW）. The model was calibrated and validated in major rice production regions over China, and the parameters that most affect the model＇s output were determined in sensitivity analyses. These sensitive parameters were estimated in different ecological zones. The simulated results of single and double rice cropping systems in different ecological zones were then compared. The accuracy of SIMRIW was found to depend on a few crucial parameters. Using optimized parameters, SIMRIW properly simulated the rice phenology and yield in single and double cropping systems in different ecological zones. Some of the parameters were largely dependent on ecological zone and rice type, and may reflect the different climate conditions and rice varieties among ecological zones.

关键词： rice phenology parameter optimization,SIMRIW simulation

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Rock-magnetic characteristics and mechanisms of the Titel loess-paleosol sequence in northern Serbia since late Middle Pleistocene

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Science China Earth sciences 2022年第3期65卷 503-517页

作者： Zhi LIU Xiuming LIU Slobodan B.MARKOVIC Bin LU Ruina HE college of Geography and Environment Baoji University of Arts and SciencesBaoji 721013China key laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism simulation of Shaanxi province Baoji 721013China School of geographical sciences Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350007China Department of Earth and environmental sciences Macquarie UniversitySydneyNSW 2109Australia Chair of Physical Geography Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Novi SadTrg Dositeja Obradovica 321000 Novi SadSerbia

The changing pattern of magnetic characteristics in eastern European loess deposits is the most similar across the world to that of the Chinese Loess Plateau,both of which are dominated by the strength of *** a systematical study to the rock magnetism of eastern European loess is not only helpful for understanding the paleoclimatic information preserved by themselves,but also beneficial for promoting the cognition of the pedogenic mechanism in loess *** this study,a detailed rock-magnetic analysis of seventy loess/paleosol samples,taken from the Titel Loess Plateau in northern Serbia,is carried out for a better understanding of the magnetic records since late Middle *** results provide us some ***,the magnetic susceptibility values of the paleosols in the Titel loess-paleosol sequence are generally less than 100×10^(-8)m^(3)kg^(-1),significantly lower than those of the loess sections in the Chinese Loess Plateau,even though they are under similar climatic ***,the behaviors of the parameters related to the distributions of magnetic particles in these two regions are *** difference in the contents of ferrimagnetic minerals is the leading reason that caused the difference in their magnetic characteristics,but the mechanism is still open to ***,based on the analysis of thermomagnetic curves,a gradually increasing trend of the relative contents of maghemite over the last four glacial-interglacial cycles is *** realization of thermally unstable maghemite from Chinese loess leads us to speculate that the long-term increasing trend of the relative contents of maghemite in Titel loess-paleosol sequence likely is a mineralogical response to the progressive enhancement of continental climate in the Pannonian Basin since the Middle Pleistocene.

关键词： Eastern European loess Magnetic susceptibility Pedogenesis environmental magnetism Paleoclimate

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Spatial process of Green Infrastructure Changes Associated with Rapid urbanization in Shenzhen,China

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Chinese geographical Science 2013年第1期23卷 113-128页

作者： CHANG Qing LI Shuangcheng WANG Yanglin WU Jiansheng XIE Miaomiao Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture China Agricultural University college of urban and environmental sciences Peking University key laboratory for environmental and urban sciences Shenzhen Graduate SchoolPeking University School of Land Science and Technology China University of Geosciences

Through a case study of Shenzhen City,China,this study focused on a quantitative method for analyzing the spatial processes involved in green infrastructure changes associated with rapid *** on RS,GIS and SPSS statistics software,the approach includes selection of the square analysis units and representative landscape metrics,quantification of the change types of landscape metrics in all analysis units through two indices and hierarchical cluster analysis of the above analysis units with different landscape metric change types(*** attributes).The analyses verify that there is a significant sequence of continuous changes in green infrastructure in *** are the perforation,the segmentation,the fragmentation,the evanescence and the filling-in processes,which have a good spatio-temporal correspondence with urbanization and reflect the synthetic influence of urban planning,government policies and *** with other studies on quantifying the spatial pattern,this study provides an alternative probe into linking the spatial pattern to spatial processes and the corresponding ecological processes in the *** spatio-temporal processes offer many opportunities for identifying,protecting and restoring key elements in an urban green infrastructure network for areas in the early stages of urbanization or for non-urbanized areas.

关键词： spatial process landscape metrics dynamic change green infrastructure urbanization

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Modelling and validation of flash flood inundation in drylands

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Journal of geographical sciences 2024年第1期34卷 185-200页

作者： GAO Dan YIN Jie WANG Dandan YANG Yuhan LU Yi CHEN Ruishan School of Geographic sciences East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China key laboratory of Geographic Information Science of Ministry of Education East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China National Disaster Reduction Center of China Ministry of Emergency Management of People's Republic of ChinaBeijing 100124China School of Design Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

In the context of climate change and human activities,flood disasters in arid mountainous areas have become increasingly frequent,and seriously threatened the safety of people's lives and *** and accurate flash flood inundation modelling is an essential foundational research area,which can aid in the reduction of casualties and the minimization of disaster losses;however,this modelling is also very difficult,and models need to be urgently developed to address flash flood forecasting and *** objective of this study is to construct a numerical modelling method for flash floods in *** on a 2D high-resolution flood numerical model(Flood Map-Hydro Inundation2D),we hindcasted the dynamic process of flash flooding and show the spatio-temporal characteristics of flash flood inundation for the“8·18”flash flood disaster that occurred in Datong county,Qinghai *** results showed that the model output effectively agreed with the observed inundation after the event in terms of both spatial extent and temporal *** flooding mainly occurred between 00:00 and 01:00 on August 18,***,Hejiazhuang and Longwo villages were affected most *** further conducted model sensitivity analysis and found that the model was highly sensitive to both roughness and hydraulic conductivity in drylands,and the effect of hydraulic conductivity was more *** study confirmed the good performance of our model for the simulation of flash flooding in arid areas and provides a potential method for flash flood assessment and management in arid areas.

关键词： flash flood numerical modelling arid areas Datong county Flood Map-Hydro Inundation2D

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CO2 Electroreduction in Ionic Liquids： A Review

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2018年第10期36卷 961-970页

作者： Jianpeng Feng Shaojuan Zeng Jiaqi Feng Haifeng Dong Xiangping Zhang Beijing key laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean process Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex System Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China college of Chemical and Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The increasing emission of carbon dioxide （CO2） caused by the unrestrained consumption of fossil fuels in recent hundreds of years, has caused global environmental and social problems. Meanwhile, CO2 is a cheap, abundant and renewable Cl-feedstock, which can be converted into alco- hols, ethers, acids and other value-added chemicals. Compared with the thermal reactions, electrochemical reduction of CO2 is more attractive because of its advantages by using the seasonal, geographical and intermittent energy （tide, wind and solar） under mild conditions. In recent years, taking ionic liquids （ILs） as electrolytes in the CO2 electrochemical reduction reaction has been paid much more attention due to the advantages of lowering the overpotential of CO2 electroreduction and improving the Faradaic efficiency. In this paper, we summarized the recent progresses of electrochemical re- duction of CO2 in ILs electrolytes, and analyzed the reaction mechanism of CO2 reaction in the electrode-electrolyte interface region by experimental and simulation methods. Finally, the research which needs to be highlighted in this area was proposed.

关键词： ionic liquids CO2 reduction charge transfer electric double layer mechanism

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Reaction mechanism of dicofol removal by cellulase

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Journal of environmental sciences 2015年第10期27卷 22-28页

作者： Ziyuan Wang Ting Yang Zihan Zhai Boya Zhang Jianbo Zhang Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional environmental Quality State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution ControlCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringPeking University School of Public Health Peking University

It remains unclear whether dicofol should be defined as a persistent organic pollutant. Its environmental persistence has gained attention. This study focused on its degradation by cellulase. Cellulase was separated using a gel chromatogram, and its degradation activity towards dicofol involved its endoglucanase activity. By analyzing the kinetic parameters of cellulase reacting with mixed substrates, it was shown that cellulase reacted on dicofol and carboxyl methyl cellulose through two different active centers. Thus, the degradation of dicofol was shown to be an oxidative process by cellulase. Next, by comparing the impacts of tert-butyl alcohol（a typical OH free-radical inhibitor） on the removal efficiencies of dicofol under both cellulase and Fenton reagent systems, it was shown that the removal of dicofol was initiated by OH free radicals produced by cellulase. Finally, 4,4′-dichlorodibenzophenone and chloride were detected using gas chromatography mass spectrometry and ion chromatography analysis, which supported our hypothesis. The reaction mechanism was analyzed and involved an attack by OH free radicals at the orthocarbon of dicofol, resulting in the degradation product 4,4′-dichloro-dibenzophenone.

关键词： Dicofol Cellulase Endo-glucanases activity Oxidative degradation OH free radical

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Influence of NO_(x) on the activity of Pd/θ-Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst for methane oxidation: Alleviation of transient deactivation

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Journal of environmental sciences 2022年第2期34卷 38-47页

作者： Chang Cui Yan Zhang Wenpo Shan Yunbo Yu Hong He State key Joint laboratory of Environment simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment and key laboratory of urban Pollutant Conversion Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Ningbo Research Center for urban Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315800China Ganjiang Innovation Academy Chinese Academy of SciencesGanzhou 341000China

Alumina supported Pd catalyst(Pd/Al_(2)O_(3)) is active for complete oxidation of methane, while often suffers transient deactivation during the cold down process. Herein, heating and cooling cycle tests between 200 and 900 ℃ and isothermal experiments at 650 ℃ were conducted to investigate the influence of NO_(x) on transient deactivation of Pd/θ-Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst during the methane oxidation. It was found that the co-fed of NO alleviated transient deactivation in the cooling ramp from 800 to 500 ℃, which was resulted from the in situ formation of NO_(2) during the process of methane oxidation. Over the Pd/θ-Al_(2)O_(3), thermogravimetric analysis and O_(2) temperature programmed oxidation measurements confirmed that transient deactivation was due to the decomposition of Pd O particles and the hysteresis of Pd reoxidation, while the metal Pd entities were less active for methane oxidation than the Pd O ones. CO pulse chemisorption and scanning transmission electron microscopy characterizations rule out the NO_(2) effect on Pd size change. Powder X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations were used to obtain palladium status of Pd/θ-Al_(2)O_(3) before and after reactions, indicating that in lean conditions at 650 ℃, the presence of NO_(2) increases the content of active Pd O on the catalyst surface, thus benefits methane oxidation. Homogeneous reaction between CH 4, O_(2), and NO_(x) may be partially responsible for the alleviation above 650 ℃. The interesting research of alleviation in transient deactivation by NO_(x), the components co-existing in exhausts, are of great significance for the application.

关键词： Methane Catalytic oxidation Palladium NO_(x)influence

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