检索结果-南通市图书馆

Performance of Hybrids between Weedy Rice and Insect-resistant Transgenic Rice under Field Experiments: Implication for Environmental Biosafety Assessment

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第12期51卷 1138-1148页

作者： Qian-Jin Cao Hui Xia Xiao Yang Bao-Rong Lu ministry of education key laboratory for biodiversity science and ecological engineering Institute of Biodiversity Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China

Transgene escape from genetically modified （GM） rice into weedy rice via gene flow may cause undesired environmental consequences. Estimating the field performance of crop-weed hybrids will facilitate our understanding of potential introgression of crop genes （including transgenes） into weedy rice populations, allowing for effective biosafety assessment. Comparative studies of three weedy rice strains and their hybrids with two GM rice lines containing different insect- resistance transgenes （CpTI or Bt/CpTI） indicated an enhanced relative performance of the crop-weed hybrids, with taller plants, more tillers, panicles, and spikelets per plant, as well as higher 1000-seed weight, compared with the weedy rice parents, although the hybrids produced less filled seeds per plant than their weedy parents. Seeds from the F1 hybrids had higher germination rates and produced more seedlings than the weedy parents, which correlated positively with 1000-seed weight. The crop-weed hybrids demonstrated a generally enhanced relative performance than their weedy rice parents in our field experiments. These findings indicate that transgenes from GM rice can persist to and introgress into weedy rice populations through recurrent crop-to-weed gene flow with the aid of slightly increased relative fitness in F1 hybrids.

关键词： biosafety ecological consequences fitness GM rice insect-resistance transgene Oryza sativa f. spontanea.

Intercropping of rice varieties increases the eff iciency of blast control through reduced disease occurrence and variability

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第4期15卷 795-802页

作者： HAN Guang-yu LANG Jie SUN Yan WANG Yun-yue ZHU You-yong LU Bao-rong The key laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control Ministry of EducationCollege of Plant Protection Yunnan Agricultural University key laboratory for biodiversity science and ecological engineering Ministry of EducationInstitute of Biodiversity Science Fudan University

Creating a crop-heterogeneous system by intraspecific mixtures of different rice varieties can substantially reduce blast diseases. Such variety mixtures provide an ecological approach for effective disease control, maintaining high yields with the minimum fungicide applications. Whether such an approach is universally applicable for random rice variety combinations and what is the variation pattern of the diseases under intercropping still remains unclear. We conducted two-year large-scale field experiments involving 47 rice varieties/lines and 98 variety-combinations to compare the occurrence of rice blast in monoculture and intercropping plots at multiple sites. In the experiments, the plant height of the selected tradi- tional varieties was about 30 cm taller, and their life cycle was 10 days longer, than that of the improved rice varieties. The monoculture included either traditional or modern rice varieties grown in separate plots. The intercropping included both traditional and modern rice varieties planted together in the same plots. Results from the field experiments under natural disease conditions demonstrated significant reduction for rice blast disease in intercropping plots, compared with that in monoculture plots. For traditional varieties, the average blast incidence reduced from -26% in monoculture to -10% in intercropping, and the disease severity reduced from -17 in monoculture to -5 in intercropping. For modern varieties, the average blast incidence reduced from -19% in monoculture to -10% in intercropping, and the severity from -10 in mono- culture to -4 in intercropping. Traditional rice varieties （-72%） had a much greater increase in the efficiency of disease control than modern varieties （-60%）. In addition, substantially lower values of variance in the blast incidence and severity was detected among the variety combinations in intercropping plots than in monoculture plots. Based on these results, we conclude that the intercropping or mixture

关键词： Oryza sativa cropping system disease suppression disease variation mixed-planting pure-planting cropheterogeneity

Limited ecological risk of insect-resistance transgene flow from cultivated rice to its wild ancestor based on life-cycle fitness assessment

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

science Bulletin 2016年第18期61卷 1440-1450页

作者： Lei Li Xiao Yang Lei Wang Huanxin Yan Jun Su Feng Wang Bao-Rong Lu ministry of education key laboratory for biodiversity and ecological engineering Institute of Biodiversity Science Fudan University Fujian Province key laboratory of Genetic engineering for Agriculture Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences

ecological impact caused by transgene flow from genetically engineered （GE） crops to their wild rela- tives is largely determined by the fitness effect brought by a transgene. To estimate such impact is critical for the eco- logical risk assessment prior to the commercialization of GE crops. We produced F1 and F2 hybrid descendants from crosses of two insect-resistant GE rice lines （Bt, Bt/CpT1） and their non-GE rice parent with a wild rice （Oryza ruff- pogon） population to estimate the transgenic fitness. Insect damages and life-cycle fitness of GE and non-GE crop- wild hybrid descendants as well as their wild parent were examined in a common-garden experiment. No significant differences in insect damages were observed between the wild rice parent and GE hybrid descendants under high- insect pressure. The wild parent showed significantly greater relative survival-regeneration ratios than its GE and non-GE hybrid descendants under both high- and low-in- sect pressure. However, more seeds were produced in GE hybrid descendants than their non-GE counterparts under high-insect pressure. Given that the introduction of Bt and Bt/CpT1 transgenes did not provide greater insect resistance to crop-wild hybrid descendants than their wild parent, we predict that transgene flow from GE insect-resistant rice to wild rice populations may not cause considerable ecolog- ical risks.

关键词： Environmental impact Fecundity andsurvival Genetically modified organisms Lepidopteran - Oryza sativa Wild relative

PCR-RFLP and AP-PCR of rbcL and ITS of rDNA Show That × Taxodiomeria peizhongii （ Taxodium × Cryptomeria） Is not an Intergeneric Hybrid

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2006年第4期48卷 468-472页

作者： Yan Ling Wei-Feng Lu Fan Lu Yu-Guo Wang Jia-Kuan Chen Wen-Ju Zhang The ministry of education key laboratory for biodiversity science and ecological engineering Institute of Biodiversity Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China

Taxodiorneria peizhongii Z. J. Ye, J. J. Zhang et S. H. Pan was regarded as a new Intergenerlc hybrid between Taxodlum mucronatum Tenore （as the female donor） and Cryptomeria fortunei Hoolbrenk ex Otto et Dletr （as the male donor）. To confirm the authenticity of the intergeneric hybrid, we analyzed the rbcL gene and the Internal transcribed spacer （ITS） of 26S-18S ribosomal RNA gene of the three species using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP） and arbitrarily primed PCR （AP-PCR）, and ob- tained the following results：i） Taxodiomeria peizhongii had the same RFLP maps of the rbcL gene and the ITS as Taxodlum mucronatum, but was different from C. fortunei; II） a 311-bp PCR amplification product was obtained In C. fortunei by AP-PCR of ITS, but was not found in Taxodiomeria peizhongii. Our results have demonstrated that C. fortunei did not provide any genome for Taxodiomeria peizhongii, Implying that T. peizhongii Is not an Intergenerlc hybrid between the two species.

关键词： Arbitrary Primed-Polymerase Chain Reaction (AP-PCR) intergeneric hybrid nuclear and chloroplast genome pater- nally inherited polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) × Taxodiomeria peizhongii.

Offspring of aged mothers of rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus shows lower sexual propensity than their elder siblings under crowded conditions

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2019年第5期37卷 1604-1610页

作者： LI Wenjie NIU Cuijuan LI Xiaoxuan ministry of education key laboratory for biodiversity science and ecological engineering College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University

Maternal eff ects are one of the most interesting topics in evolutionary ecology as they can aff ect the rate of evolution and population dynamics by phenotypic manipulation of off spring related to fi tness. At present, studies examining the interaction between maternal environment eff ects and maternal age (birth order) eff ects are scarce. We designed an experiment to reveal whether environmentally induced maternal manipulation works equally on off spring across birth orders in rotifer Brachionus calycifl orus. In the experiment, newborn amictic mothers (F0) were cultured parallelly in low (LD) and high (HD) population density. Off spring (F1) of young (YF0) and old (OF0) mothers in both LD and HD groups were cultured under a crowded condition and the mixis ratios of both F1 and F2 were examined. Results show that F1 from HD-YF0 had a signifi cantly higher mixis ratio and those amictic ones produced daughters (F2 ) with higher mixis ratio in response to crowding than those from HD-OF0. In contrast, no such diff erences among F1 siblings were found in the LD-F0 group. Therefore, the eff ect of maternal age on the sexual propensity of the off spring can be aff ected independently by the maternal population density.

关键词： rotifer Brachionus calycifl orus sexual propensity birth order eff ect maternal environment mixis ratio

Effects of sexual reproduction of the inferior competitor Brachionus calyciflorus on its fitness against Brachionus angularis

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2015年第2期33卷 356-363页

作者：李陈牛翠娟 ministry of education key laboratory for biodiversity science and ecological engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal University

Sexual reproduction adversely affects the population growth of cyclic parthenogenetic animals. The density-dependent sexual reproduction of a superior competitor could mediate the coexistence. However, the cost of sex may make the inferior competitor more vulnerable. To investigate the effect of sexual reproduction on the inferior competitor, we experimentally paired the competition of one Brachionus angularis clone against three Brachionus ealyciflorus clones. One of the B. calyciflorus clones showed a low propensity for sexual reproduction, while the other two showed high propensities. The results show that all B. calyciflorus clones were excluded in the competition for resources at low food level. The increased food level promoted the competition persistence, but the clones did not show a clear pattern. Both the cumulative population density and resting egg production increased with the food level. The cumulative population density decreased with the mixis investment, while the resting egg production increased with the mixis investment. A trade-off between the population growth and sexual reproduction was observed in this research. The results indicate that although higher mixis investment resulted in a lower population density, it would not determinately accelerate the exclusion process of the inferior competitor. On the contrary, higher mixis investment promoted resting egg production before being excluded and thus promised a long- term benefit. In conclusion, our results suggest that mixis investment, to some extent, favored the excluded inferior competitor under fierce competition or some other adverse conditions.

关键词： sexual reproduction competition resting egg Brachionus

Efficient indica and japonica rice identification based on the InDel molecular method:Its implication in rice breeding and evolutionary research

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2009年第10期19卷 1241-1252页

作者： Bao-Rong Lu,Xingxing Cai,Xin Jin ministry of education key laboratory for biodiversity science and ecological engineering,Institute of biodiversity science,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China [a]ministry of education key laboratory for biodiversity science and ecological engineering Institute of Biodiversity Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China

An efficient molecular method for the accurate and efficient identification of indica and japonica rice was created based on the poly-morphisms of insertion/deletion(InDel) DNA fragments obtained from the basic local alignment search tool(BLAST) to the entire genomic sequences of indica(93-11) and japonica rice(Nipponbare).The 45 InDel loci were validated experimentally by the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE) in 44 typical indica and japonica rice varieties,including 93-11 and Nipponbare.A neutrality test of the data matrix generated from electrophoretic banding patterns of various InDel loci indicated that 34 InDel loci were strongly associated with the differentiation of indica and japonica *** extensive analyses involving cultivated rice varieties from 11 Asian countries,and 12 wild Oryza species with various origins confirmed that indica and japonica characteristics could accurately be determined via calculating the average frequency of indica-or japonica-specific alleles on different InDel loci across the rice *** method was named as the ’’InDel molecular index" that combines molecular and statistical methods in determining the indica and japonica characteristics of rice *** with the traditional methods based essentially on morphology,the InDel molecular index provides a very accurate,rapid,simple,and efficient method for identifying indica and japonica *** addition,the InDel index can be used to determine indica or japonica characteristics of wild Oryza species,which largely extends the utility of this *** InDel molecular index provides a new tool for the effective selection of appropriate indica or japonica rice germplasm in rice *** also offers a novel model for the study of the origin,evolution,and genetic differentiation of indica and japonica rice adapted to various environmental changes.

关键词： Cultivated rice Wild Oryza InDel Molecular marker indica-japonica identification Neutrality test

Effects of chronic exposure to nonylphenol on locomotor activity and social behavior in zebrafish(Danio rerio)

在线全文

同方期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Environmental sciences 2010年第9期22卷 1435-1440页

作者： Jigang Xia,Cuijuan Niu ,Xuejiao Pei ministry of education key laboratory of biodiversity science and ecological engineering,College of Life sciences,Beijing Normal University,100875 Beijing,China. [a] ministry of education key laboratory of biodiversity science ecological engineering College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University 100875 Beijing China

Nonylphenol （NP）, a xenoestrogen ubiquitously found in aquatic ecosystems, is of high environmental concern. The present work assessed the effects of exposure to NP on locomotor activity and social behavior in male and female zebrafish （Danio rerio）, to evaluate the possible hazard of NP to fish behavior and to pursue a potential biomarker of NP contamination. Fish were randomly divided into six groups. Five groups were receiving 0.1, 1, 10, 50 and 100 μg/L nominal concentrations of NP for 60 days, respectively. A sixth control group was given the same treatment as the other five groups, but no NP. Locomotor activity, aggressive behavior, group preference and leaving shoal were examined. NP exposure showed marked influence on locomotor activity of the male zebrafish, whereas that of the female was not significantly affected by NP. Aggressive behavior and group preference were significantly affected by NP exposure in both male and female groups. Locomotor activity and aggressive behavior of the male and group preference of both male and female zebrafish were clearly inhibited at 100 μg/L NP. No significant alteration in leaving shoal was observed under NP exposure. The results suggested that changes in locomotor activity and aggressive behavior of the male and group preference of both male and female may be used as an ecologically relevant integrative biomarker of NP contamination.

关键词： chronic toxicity nonylphenol biomarker zebrafish

New challenges facing traditional nature reserves: Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) conservation in China

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Integrative Zoology 2006年第4期1卷 179-187页

作者： Li ZHANG Lichao MA Limin FENG ministry of education key laboratory for biodiversity science and ecological engineering Beijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina

Traditional conservation strategies can effectively preserve biodiversity within nature reserves,but may fail to mitigate the conflicts between rural development and wildlife *** paper discusses the magnitude of the conflict and its development over time,focusing on elephant conservation and land resource management within and around nature *** suggest that regulations alone can satisfy neither the demands to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem services nor the demands to achieve human *** innovative tools such as informed landuse planning and integrated conservation development projects are called for to reduce the agricultural interface with elephant range,and therefore to alleviate the damage caused by the conflict.

关键词： Asian elephant human-elephant conflicts nature reserve management