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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第4期18卷 797-804页

作者： LU Yan-hui ZHENG Xu-song LU Zhong-xian State key laboratory breeding base for zhejiang sustainable pest and disease control Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Rice is an important staple food in China and it is at risk of attack by rice striped stem borer Chilo suppressalis, which occurs in most rice growing areas. In recent years, severe C. suppressalis outbreaks have been observed in China mainly due to changes in the rice cultivation systems, wide adoption of hybrid varieties and resistance to the dominant insecticides. Management relies primarily on chemical insecticides and resistance is an important contributing factor in these outbreaks. As a result, food safety of agricultural produce is reduced and the ecological and environmental integrities are threatened as well. Recently, environmentally friendly pest management measures, such as trap plants have been introduced for C. suppressalis management and this method can greatly reduce insecticide use. Our previous results indicated that the vetiver grass(Vetiveria zizanioides) is a dead-end trap plant that can effectively attract the adult females of C. suppressalis to lay eggs on it but where larvae are unable to complete their life cycle. This paper further explored the application of vetiver grass as a trap plant to manage C. suppressalis in the paddy fields. This environment-friendly tool can not only reduce C. suppressalis populations, it can also increase the diversity and abundance of natural enemies that can provide better environmental conditions for rice production.

关键词： rice vetiver trap plants Chilo suppressalis control application

Influence of Temperature on Symbiotic Bacterium Composition in Successive Generations of Egg Parasitoid, Anagrus nilaparvatae

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Rice science 2016年第4期23卷 203-210页

作者： WANG Xin XU Hong-xing LIU Shu-ping TANG Jiang-wu ZHENG Xu-song LV Zhong-xian State key laboratory breeding base for zhejiang sustainable pest and disease control Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Anagrus nilaparvatae is the dominant egg parasitoid of rice planthoppers and plays an important role in biological control. Symbiotic bacteria can significantly influence the development, survival, reproduction and population differentiation of their hosts. To study the influence of temperature on symbiotic bacterial composition in the successive generations of A. nilaparvatae, A. nilaparvatae were raised under different constant temperatures of 22 °C, 25 °C, 28 °C, 31 °C and 34 °C. Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was used to investigate the diversity of symbiotic bacteria. Our results revealed that the endophytic bacteria of A. nilaparvatae were Pantoea sp., Pseudomonas sp. and some uncultured bacteria. The bacterial community composition in A. nilaparvatae significantly varied among different temperatures and generations, which might be partially caused by temperature, feeding behavior and the physical changes of hosts. However, the analysis of wsp gene showed that the Wolbachia in A. nilaparvatae belonged to group A, sub-group Mors and sub-group Dro. Sub-group Mors was absolutely dominant, and this Wolbachia composition remained stable in different temperatures and generations, except for the 3rd generation under 34 °C during which sub-group Dro became the dominant Wolbachia. The above results suggest that the continuous high temperature of 34 °C can influence the Wolbachia community composition in A. nilaparvatae.

关键词： temperature Anagrus nilaparvatae Wolbachia bacterial community polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis rice brown planthopper

Microencapsulated chlorpyrifos: Degradation in soil and influence on soil microbial community structures

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第11期26卷 2322-2330页

作者： Liezhong Chen Yanli Li Ting Wang Yali Jiang Kai Li Yunlong Yu College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University State key laboratory breeding base for zhejiang sustainable pest and disease control Institute of Plant Protection and MicrobiologyZhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Degradation kinetics of microencapsulated chlorpyrifos （CPF-MC） in soil and its influence on soil microbial community structures were investigated by comparing with emulsifiable concentration of chlorpyrifos （CPF-EC） in laboratory. The residual periods of CPF-MC with fortification levels of 5 and 20 mg/kg reached 120 days in soil, both of the degradation curves did not fit the first-order model, and out-capsule residues of chlorpyrifos in soil were maintained at 1.76 （±0.33） and 5.92 （±1.20） mg/kg in the period between 15 and 60 days, respectively. The degradation kinetics of CPF-EC fit the first-order model, and the residual periods of 5 and 20 mg/kg treatments were 60 days. Bacterial community structures in soil treated with two concentrations of CPF-MC showed similarity to those of the control during the test period, as seen in the band number and relative intensities of the individual band on DGGE gels （p 〉 0.05）. Fungal community structures were slightly affected in the 5 mg/kg treatments and returned to the control levels after 30 days, but initially differed significantly from control in the 20 mg/kg treatments （p 〈 0.05） and did not recover to control levels until 90 days later. The CPF-EC significantly altered microbial community structures （p 〈 0.05） and effects did not disappear until 240 days later. The results indicated that the microcapsule technology prolonged the residue periods of chlorpyrifos in soil whereas it decreased its side-effects on soil microbes as compared with the emulsifiable concentration formulation.

关键词： pesticide controlled-release formulation Non-controlled-release formulation Side effects Soil microbiology

Characterization and molecular cloning of a serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1(OsSHM_1) in rice

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2015年第9期57卷 745-756页

作者： Dekai Wang Heqin Liu Sujuan Li Guowei Zhai Jianfeng Shao Yuezhi Tao Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences China State key laboratory breeding base for zhejiang sustainable pest and disease control Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) is important for one carbon metabolism and photorespiration in higher plants for its participation in plant growth and development, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. A rice serine hydroxymethyltransferase gene, OsSHM1, an ortholog of Arabidopsis SHM1, was isolated using map-based cloning. The osshm1 mutant had chlorotic lesions and a considerably smaller, lethal phenotype under natural ambient CO2 concentrations, but could be restored to wild type with normal growth under elevated CO2 levels (0.5% CO2), showing a typical photorespiratory phenotype. The data from antioxidant enzymes activity measurement suggested that osshm1 was subjected to significant oxidative stress. Also, OsSHM1 was expressed in all organs tested (root, culm, leaf, and young panicle) but predominantly in leaves. OsSHM1 protein is localized to the mitochondria. Our study suggested that molecular function of the OsSHM1 gene is conserved in rice and Arabidopsis.

关键词： gene molecular cloning reactive oxygen species rice serine hydroxymethyltransferase

Electrophysiological responses of the rice striped stem borer Chilo suppressalis to volatiles of the trap plant vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides L.)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第11期16卷 2525-2533页

作者： LU Yan-hui LIU Kai ZHENG Xu-song Lü Zhong-xian State key laboratory breeding base for zhejiang sustainable pest and disease control Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310021 P.R. China

Vetiver grass （Vetiveria zizanioides L.） was previously found to effectively attract female adults of Chilo suppressalis （Walker）, an important pest of rice. To determine the volatile compounds involved in this attraction, electroantennography （EAG） responses to seven synthetic volatiles released from vetiver plants were examined. Our results indicated that the responses of C. suppressalis adult antennae to the different compounds varied widely. The compounds elicited strong EAG responses in female antennae were subsequently selected for further EAG response tests, namely, caryophyllene, β-ocimene, linalool and a-pinene. EAG responses to a combination of these four compounds did not differ significantly from the individual compounds. However, pair combination tests indicated that 0.01μg μL-1linalool and 50 μg μL-1 α-pinene, 50 μgμL-1 caryophyllene and 0.01μg μL-1 linalool, 0.01 μg μL-1 13-ocimene and 0.01 μg μL-1 linalool, and 0.01μg μL-1 β-ocimene and 50 μg μL-1 caryophyllene elicited significantly greater EAG responses in 3-day female moths compared to the 1-day female. These compound combinations and the corresponding ratios are probably playing an important role in attracting female adults of C. suppressalis to the vetiver grass.

关键词： Chilo suppressalis electroantennography (EAG) volatiles vetiver grass trapping mechanism attraction

Cry1Ab rice does not impact biological characters and functional response of Cyrtorhinus lividipennis preying on Nilaparvata lugens eggs

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第10期14卷 2011-2018页

作者： CHEN Yang LAI Feng-xiang SUN Yan-qun HONG Li-ying TIAN Jun-ce ZHANG Zhi-tao FU Qiang State key laboratory of Rice Biology China National Rice Research Institute State key laboratory of breeding base for zhejiang sustainable pest and disease control Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences

One concern about the use of transgenic plants is their potential risk to natural enemies. In this study, using the eggs of the rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, as a food source, we investigated the effects of Cry1 Ab rice on the biological characteristics and functional response of an important predator Cyrtorhinus lividipennis. The results showed that the survival ability（adult emergence rate and egg hatching rate）, development（egg duration, nymphal developmental duration）, adult fresh weight, adult longevity and fecundity of C. lividipennis on Bt rice plants were not significantly different compared to those on non-Bt rice plants. Furthermore, two important parameters of functional response（instantaneous search rate and handling time） were not significantly affected by Bt rice. In conclusion, the tested Cry1 Ab rice does not adversely impact the biological character and functional response of C. lividipennis.

关键词： Bt rice safety assessment non-target organism natural enemy

Influence of rice black streaked dwarf virus on the ecological fitness of non-vector planthopper Nilaparvata lugens （Hemiptera： Delphacidae）

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Insect Science 2014年第4期21卷 507-514页

作者： Hong-Xing Xu Xiao-Chan He Xu-Song Zheng Ya-Jun Yang Zhong-Xian Lu State key laboratory breeding base for zhejiang sustainable pest and disease control Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences Jinhua Zhejiang 321017 China

Rice black streak dwarf virus （RBSDV） is transmitted by the small brown planthopper （SBPH）, Laodelphax striatellus （Fallen）. Non-vector rice brown planthopper （BPH）, Nilaparvata lugens （Stal）, shares the same host rice plants with SBPH in paddy fields. The changes in nutritional composition of rice plants infected by RBSDV and the ecological fitness of BPH feeding on the infected plants were studied under both artificial climate chamber and field conditions. Contents of 16 detected amino acids and soluble sugar in RBSDV infected rice plants were higher than those in the healthy ones. On the diseased plants BPH had significantly higher nymphal survival rates, nymphal duration of the males, weight of the female adults, as well as egg hatchability compared to BPH being fed on healthy plants. However, there was no obvious difference in female nymph duration, longevity and fecundity. Defense enzymes （superoxidase dismutase, SOD and catalase, CAT） and detoxifying enzymes （carboxylesterase, CAE and glutathione S-transferase, GST） in BPH adults fed on diseased plants had markedly higher activities. The results indicate rice plants infected by RBSDV improved the ecological fitness of the brown planthopper, a serious pest but not a transmitter of the RBSDV virus.

关键词： defense enzymes detoxifying enzymes ecological fitness Nilaparvata lu-gens non-vector rice black streaked dwarf virus

Genomic organization and sequence dynamics of the AvrPiz-t locus in Magnaporthe oryzae

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Journal of zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2012年第6期13卷 452-464页

作者： Ping LI Bin BAI Hong-yan ZHANG Heng ZHOU Bo ZHOU State key laboratory breeding base for zhejiang sustainable pest and disease control Institute of Virology and BiotechnologyZhejiang Academy qf Agricultural SciencesHangzhou 310021China Institute of Biotechnology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Plants utilize multiple layers of defense mechanisms to fight against the invasion of diverse *** R gene mediates resistance,in most cases,dependent on the co-existence of its cognate pathogen-derived avirulence (Avr) *** rice blast R gene Piz-t corresponds in gene-for-gene fashion to the Magnaporthe oryzae Avr gene *** this study,we determined and compared the genomic sequences surrounding the AvrPiz-t gene in both avirulent and virulent isolates,designating as AvrPiz-t-ZB15 and avrPiz-t-70-15 regions,*** sequence of the AvrPiz-t-ZB15 region is 120966 bp whereas avrPiz-t-70-15 is 146292 bp in *** extreme sequence similarity and good synteny in gene order and content along with the absence of two predicted genes in the avrPiz-t-70-15 region were observed in the predicted protein-coding regions in the AvrPiz-t ***,frequent presence/absence and highly dynamic organization of transposable elements (TEs) were identified,representing the major variation of the AvrPiz-t locus between different ***,TEs constitute 27.3% and 43.2% of the genomic contents of the AvrPiz-t-ZB15 and avrPiz-t-70-15 regions,respectively,indicating that TEs contribute largely to the organization and evolution of AvrPiz-t *** findings of this study suggest that *** could benefit in an evolutionary sense from the presence of active TEs in genes conferring avirulence and provide an ability to rapidly change and thus to overcome host R genes.

关键词： Magnaporthe oryzae Synteny Transposon complex Dynamics Recombination

sustainable Management of Rice Insect pests by Non-Chemical-Insecticide Technologies in China

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Rice science 2017年第2期24卷 61-72页

作者： XU Hong-xing YANG Ya-jun LU Yan-hui ZHENG Xu-song TIAN Jun-ce LAI Feng-xiang FU Qiang LU Zhong-xian key laboratory breeding base for zhejiang sustainable pest and disease control Institute of Plant Protection and MicrobiologyZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou 310021China China National Rice Research Institute Hangzhou 310006China

Chemical pesticides play crucial roles in the management of crop diseases and pests. However, excessive and irrational use of pesticides has become a major concern and obstacle to sustainable agriculture. As a result, the quality and security of agricultural products are reduced, and the ecological and environmental integrities are threatened. Recently, environment-friendly pest management measures have been introduced and adopted to manage rice insect pests and reduce the use of insecticides. This paper reviewed the advancements in development and application of non-chemical technologies for insect pest management during rice production in China.

关键词： rice chemical insecticide reduce insecticide non-chemical pest management ecological and environmental integrity

Development of Insertion and Deletion Markers for Bottle Gourd based on Restriction Site-associated DNA Sequencing Data

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2017年第1期3卷 13-16页

作者： WU Xinyi XU Pei WU Xiaohua WANG Baogen LU Zhongfu LI Guojing Institute of Vegetables State Key Lab Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Plant Pest and DiseaseZhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Bottle gourd is an important cucurbit crop worldwide. To provide more available molecular markers for this crop, a bioinformatic approach was employed to develop insertion–deletions(In Dels) markers in bottle gourd based on restriction site-associated DNA sequencing(RAD-Seq)data. A total of 892 Indels were predicted, with the length varying from 1 bp to 167 bp. Single-nucleotide In Dels were the predominant types of In Dels. To validate these In Dels, PCR primers were designed from 162 loci where In Dels longer than 2 bp were predicated. A total of 112 In Dels were found to be polymorphic among 9 bottle gourd accessions under investigation. The rate of prediction accuracy was thus at a high level of72.7%. DNA fingerprinting for 4 cultivars were performed using 8 selected Indels markers, demonstrating the usefulness of these markers.

关键词： bottle gourd InDels markers RAD-Seq DNA fingerprinting