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Applicability and improvement of different potential evapotranspiration models in different climate zones of China

Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 262-282页

作者： Zedong Li Yiran Li Xinxiao Yu Guodong Jia Peng Chen Pengfei Zheng Yusong Wang Bingbing Ding key laboratory of soil & water conservation and desertification combating of Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry University College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences Tarim University State key laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University

Background Accurate estimation of potential evapotranspiration(PET) is the key for studying land-air interaction hydrological processes. Several models are used to estimate the PET based on standardized meteorological data. Although combination-based models have the highest level performance estimation of PET, they require more meteorological data and may therefore be difficult to apply in areas lacking meteorological observation *** The results showed significant differences in the spatial trends of PET calculated by different models in China, the Doorenbots–Pruitts model revealed the highest PET(1902.6 mm), and the Kuzmin model revealed the lowest PET(349.6 mm), with the largest difference being 5.5 times. The Romanenko and the Rohwer models were the recommended temperature-based and aerodynamic-based models. On the other hand, the Abtew model was more suitable for arid and semi-arid regions, while the Priestley–Taylor model was more suitable for humid regions. Combination-based models revealed ideal calculation accuracies, among which the Penman–Monteith model was the best option for PET *** The accuracy range of Romanenko, Rohwer, Abten, Priestley Taylor, and Penman Monteith models improved in MPZ and TCZ is higher than that improved in TMZ and SMZ. This does not mean that the improved models have higher accuracy in MPZ and TCZ than in TMZ and SMZ. On the contrary, the original model performed poorly in MPZ and TCZ, so the improved accuracy was relatively large. The unimproved model was already more suitable in TMZ and SMZ, so the improved accuracy was relatively small. Therefore, regional calibration of the PET models can improve the accuracy and applicability of PET calculation, providing a reference for studying hydrological processes in different climatic zones.

关键词： Potential evapotranspiration Climatic zone Temperature-based model Aerodynamic-based model Radiation-based model Combination-based model Model calibration

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Quantitative comparison of semi- and fully-distributed hydrologic models in simulating flood hydrographs on a mountain watershed in southwest China

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2013年第6期25卷 877-885页

作者：张会兰王玉杰王云琦李丹勋王兴奎 key laboratory of soil and water conservation and desertification combating Ministry of EducationDepartment of Soil and Water ConservationBeijing Forestry University State key laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua University key laboratory of soil and water conservation and desertification combating Ministry of EducationSchool of Soil and Water ConservationBeijing Forestry University

To investigate the performance of fully- and semi-distributed hydrologic models in simulating the process of transformation from rainfall to runoff in mountain areas, the fully-distributed models Basin Pollution Calculation Center （BPCC） and HEC- HMS are calibrated for the Zhenjiangguan watershed located in the upper stream of Minjiang River Southwest China using streamflow observations at the basin outlet. Semi-automatical optimization method is implemented to both models to improve simulated resuits by removing artificial errors. Based on the consistency of the simulated hydrographs with the observed ones, the statistical coefficients such as the relative error, the probability distribution and the correlation coefficient, are further introduced to evaluate quantitatively the performance of the two models. Analyses indicate that the hydrographs simulated by the BPCC are relatively closer to the observed ones than those simulated by the HEC-HMS in view of the spatial heterogeneity in terrain, soil texture, land cover and meteorological conditions in mountain areas.

关键词： Basin Pollution Calculation Center (BPCC) HEC-HMS hydrologic modeling mountain area semi-automaticallyoptimization

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Land-use changes in the small watershed of the Loess Plateau,hilly-gully region, China

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Journal of Forestry Research 2015年第1期26卷 91-99页

作者： Yini Han Jianzhi Niu Feizhou Wu key laboratory of soil and water conservation & desertification combating Beijing Forestry University

As more and more farmland is converted to forestry, the need for effective decision support regarding the use of land in the fragile ecological environment of the Loess Plateau hilly-gully area. The Luoyugou watershed was chosen as the study area to calculate the single dynamic degree, integrated dynamic degree, and change indexes of land use, as well as the land-use type transition matrix. This was done by interpreting the TM and SPOT images of the Luoyugou watershed in 1986, 1995, and2004 and making statistical analysis. The results of ou statistical analysis show that the conversion of slope farm land to terrace and forest land plays a dominant role in land-use changes in the Luoyugou watershed from 1986 to2004. The land-use changes are mainly driven by popula tion growth, socio-economic development, consume spending, and investment in forest ecology.

关键词： Loess Plateau hilly-gully region Luoyugou watershed Land use and cover changes Driving force

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Effects of plant roots on soil preferential pathways and soil matrix in forest ecosystems

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Journal of Forestry Research 2015年第2期26卷 397-404页

作者： Yinghu Zhang Jianzhi Niu Weili Zhu Xiaoqing Du Jiao Li key laboratory soil and water conservation and desertification combating Ministry of EducationCollege of Soil and Water ConservationBeijing Forestry University

To characterize effects of plant roots on preferential flow（PF）,we measured root length density（RLD）and root biomass（RB） in Jiufeng National Forest Park,Beijing,*** were made for RLD and RB between soil preferential pathways and soil *** and RB declined with the increasing soil depth（0–10,10–20,20–30,30–40,40–50,50–60 cm） in all experimental *** was greater in soil preferential pathways than in the surrounding soil matrix and was 69.5,75.0 and72.2 % for plant roots of diameter（d）／1,1 ／ d ／ 3 and3 ／ d ／ 5 mm,*** root systems had the most pivotal influence on soil preferential flow in this forest *** all experimental plots,RB content was the sum of RB from soil preferential pathways and the soil matrix in each soil *** respect to 6 soil depth gradient（0–10,10–20,20–30,30–40,40–50,50–60 cm） in each plot,the number of soil depth gradient that RB content was greater in soil preferential pathways than in the soil matrix was characterized,and the proportion was68.2 % in all plots.

关键词： Preferential flow Preferential pathways soil matrix Root length density Root biomass

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Anchorage properties at the interface between soil and roots with branches

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第1期28卷 83-93页

作者： Xiaodong Ji Lihua Chen Ao Zhang key laboratory of soil and water conservation and desertification combating Ministry of Education of ChinaBeijing Forestry University100083 BeijingChina

Roots play an important role in stabilizing and strengthening soil. This article aims to study the mechanical properties of the interface between soil and roots with branches, using the pullout test method in the laboratory. The mechanical properties of the soil-root with branches interface is determined through the pullout-force and root-slippage curve （F-S curve）. The results of investigating 24 Pinus tabulaeformis single roots and 55 P. tabulaeformis roots with branches demonstrated three kinds of pullout test failures： breakage failure on branching root, breakage failure on branching node, and pullout failure. The branch angle had a remarkable effect on the failure mode of the roots with branches： the maximum pullout force increased with the sum of the branch diameters and the branch angle. The peak slippage and the initial force had a positive correlation with the sum of the branch diameter. The sig- nificance test of correlation between branch angle and the initial force, however, showed they had no correlation. Branch angle and branch root diameter affect the anchorage properties between root system and soil. Therefore, it is important to investigate the anchorage mechanics of the roots with branches to understand the mechanism of root reinforcement and anchorage.

关键词： Root-soil interface mechanics Pullout test method Root branches Branch angle

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Vertical root distribution and root cohesion of typical tree species on the Loess Plateau, China

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Journal of Arid Land 2014年第5期6卷 601-611页

作者： ChaoBo ZHANG LiHua CHEN Jing JIANG College of water Resources Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology key laboratory of soil and water conservation and combating desertification of Ministry of Education of China School ofWater and Soil Conservation Beijing Forestry University

Black locust（Robinia pseudoacacia L.） and Chinese pine（Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.） are two woody plants that are widely planted on the Loess Plateau for controlling soil erosion and land desertification. In this study, we conducted an excavation experiment in 2008 to investigate the overall vertical root distribution characteristics of black locust and Chinese pine. We also performed triaxial compression tests to evaluate the root cohesion（additional soil cohesion increased by roots） of black locust. Two types of root distribution, namely, vertical root（VR） and horizontal root（HR）, were used as samples and tested under four soil water content（SWC） conditions（12.7%, 15.0%, 18.0% and 20.0%, respectively）. Results showed that the root lengths of the two species were mainly concentrated in the root diameter of 5–20 mm. A comparison of root distribution between the two species indicated that the root length of black locust was significantly greater than that of Chinese pine in nearly all root diameters, although the black locust used in the comparison was 10 years younger than the Chinese pine. Root biomass was also significantly greater in black locust than in Chinese pine, particularly in the root diameters of 3–5 and 5–10 mm. These two species were both found to be deep-rooted. The triaxial compression tests showed that root cohesion was greater in the VR samples than in the HR samples. SWC was negatively related to both soil shear strength and root cohesion. These results could provide useful information on the architectural characteristics of woody root system and expand the knowledge on shallow slope stabilization and soil erosion control by plant roots on the Loess Plateau.

关键词： root distribution root cohesion root extinction coefficient soil erosion soil reinforcement Loess Plateau

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Characteristics of run off and sediment generation of forest vegetationon a hill slope by use of artificial rainfall apparatus

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Journal of Forestry Research 2012年第3期23卷 419-424页

作者： LI Xiang NIU Jian-zhi LI Jiao XIE Bao-yuan HAN Yi-ni TAN Jing-ping ZHANG Ying-hu key laboratory of soil and water conservation&desertification combating Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China

We studied the impact of forest vegetation on soil erosion, surface runoff, and sediment generation by using field simulated rainfall apparatus. We measured runoff and sediment generation of five 4.5 × 2.1 m runoff plots （a bare soil as a control; two Pinus tabulaeformis forest plots and two Platycladus orientalis forest with row spacing of 1 m × 1 m and 1.5 m× 1.5 m, respectively） in Beijing Jiu Feng National Forest Park under three rainfall intensities （0.42, 0.83, 1.26 mm per minute）. Forest vegetation significantly reduced soil erosion and sediment yield. Mean total runoff volume in the four tree stand plots was 93% of that in the control plot, demonstrating the limited effectiveness of forest vegeta- tion in runoff control. With increasing rainfall intensity, runoff reduction in forest plots declined from 28.32% to 2.1%. Similar trends in runoff coefficient and the relationship between runoffvolume and rainfall duration was observed. Mean total sediment yield and mean sediment yield reduction rate under different treatments was 55.05% and 43.17% of those in the bare soil control plot, respectively. Rainfall intensity played an important role in runoff and sediment generation processes, and had a greater impact on runoff than on soil erosion and sediment generation. When considering several factors in runoff and sediment transport processes, the P. tabulaeform plot with row spacing at 1 × 1 m had a greater effect on soil and water conservation than did other forested plots.

关键词： soil erosion forest vegetation rainfall intensity runoff sediment

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Simulated multi-scale watershed runoff and sediment production based on GeoWEPP model

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2009年第4期24卷 465-478页

作者： YU Xinxiao 1 , ZHANG Xiaoming 2 and NIU Lili 31 Prof. Dr., key laboratory of soil and water conservation and desertification combating, Ministry of Education, School of soil and water conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China, 2 Dr. China Institute of water Resource and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China 3 Dr., key laboratory of soil and water conservation and desertification combating, Ministry of Education, School of soil and water conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China Prof. Dr. Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating Ministry of Education School of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China Dr. China Institute of water Resource and Hydropower Research Beijing 100048 China Dr. Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating Ministry of Education School of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China

The runoff and sediment yield data from the Qiaozidonggou, Qiaozixigou, and Lu’ergou watersheds, in the Loess Plateau of China are used to calibrate and validate the runoff and sediment yield simulated by GeoWEPP model of the WEPP Model at watershed scale. The indices of relative error, R, correlation coefficient, R 2 , and Nash-Suttcliffe efficiency coefficient En s are used to evaluate the model fit. The eco-hydrological responses in the Luoyugou and Lu’ergou watersheds are also forecast based on the WEPP Model. Meanwhile, the relation between vegetation pattern changes and sediment yield in the watershed is discussed, and the responses of runoff and sediment yield in the watersheds concerning forest growth stages are studied. The results show that the relative errors of simulated values of runoff and sediment yield are below 30%, the correlation coefficients are above 0.90, and the Nash-Suttcliffe efficiency coefficients are above 0.80. The simulation results present satisfactory performance, thus, the model could be used to simulate the runoff and sediment yield in these small watersheds. It is also observed that soil erosion tended to become severe as precipitation increased in the watershed, while soil erosion has a decreasing trend as forest cover increases and vegetation pattern is optimized. When the watershed is fully covered by forest, erosion and sediment yield are minimized. When the forest cover is about 30% and evenly distributed in the watershed, the erosion intensity is lower than if the forest cover is collectively distributed in the watershed. Erosion varies with different forest growth stages in the watershed; it is more serious at the young and near planting stage and is the smallest at the mature forest stage.

关键词： GeoWEPP model Eco-hydrological response watershed runoff Sediment yield Model calibration Erosion modeling

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Regulations and patterns of soil moisture dynamics and their controlling factors in hilly regions of lower reaches of Yangtze River basin,China

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Journal of Central South University 2015年第12期22卷 4764-4777页

作者：余蔚青王玉杰胡海波王云琦张会兰王彬刘勇 School of soil and water conservation Beijing Forestry University key laboratory of soil and water conservation and desertification combating of Ministry of Education (Beijing Forestry University) Integrate Planning and Design Institute China Aviation Planning and Design Institute (Group) Co.Ltd. College of Forest Resources & Environment Nanjing Forestry University

Time-domain reflectometry was used to make continuous measurements of soil moisture to 18 sample points with depth of 2 m for 36 months in a typical artificial secondary oak forest located in a hilly area on Zijin Mountain in the suburbs of Nanjing,*** data were then used to examine the patterns of soil moisture variations on temporal and spatial scales and predict the relationships between soil moisture and major factors of both meteorology and *** in the topsoil was active,and the upper 30 cm of soil supplied about 43% of the water content variation during the whole *** difference of water content changes among layers could be due to the distribution conditions of some soil physical *** initial soil moisture was in the range from 10% to 40%,the impact of a single storm event on soil moisture was extremely significant,especially on sunny *** climate and slope condition were related to soil moisture change,and the impact of slope gradient on soil moisture was higher that on shady ***,root uptake was another important path of soil water consumption.

关键词： soil moisture precipitation slope gradient root distribution soil water consumption

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Effect of forest on sediment yield in North China

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International soil and water conservation Research 2013年第1期1卷 58-64页

作者： Yu Xinxiao Wang Henian Xin Zhongbao Lv Xizhi College of soil and water conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China key laboratory of soil and water conservation&desertification combating of Ministry of Education Beijing 100083China

Forest-sediment relationship is a hot and important issue in Ecohydrology *** has implemented many large-scale reforestation programmes in the last decades to address the growing soil erosion and *** this study,we made statistical and graphic analyses on the long-term hydrological data of the 39 watersheds in the rocky mountain area of the North China,and then we were able to analyze the effect of forest on sediment *** results show that the effect is weak in the lees-precipitation regions(when MAP500 mm),the impact of forest on reducing sediment yield is different with the varied forest coverage(f),the relationship between the sediment yield and forest coverage show a quadratic polynomial.

关键词： North China Forest Sediment yield Effect

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