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Eighteen years(2001–2018)of forest habitat loss across the Asian elephant’s range and its drivers

Science Bulletin 2022年第15期67卷 1513-1516页

作者： Lei Luo Xinyuan Wang Huadong Guo Lanwei Zhu Yuanxu Ma Ruixia Yang Siyuan Wang Guizhou Wang Meng Wang Jie Shao Chuansheng Liu International Research center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals Beijing 100094China key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science Aerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China International Centre on Space Technologies for Natural and Cultural Heritage(HIST)under the Auspices of UNESCO Beijing 100094China State key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China China Satellite Remote Sensing Ground Station Aerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China School of Geospatial Engineering and Science Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China

The Asian elephant(Elephas maximus)-the largest living land animal in Asia-is categorized as an endangered species according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)Red List and is listed in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora(CITES)Appendix I[1].Over the past 100 years,the range of the Asian elephant has declined by as much as 90%[2].At present,the Asian elephant inhabits forest-dominated habitat in only 13 countries across South and Southeast Asia(Fig.S1 online),and the IUCN Species Survival Commission(SSC)Asian Elephant Specialist Group(AsESG)estimated the global wild population size of Asian elephants to number 45,671-49,028 individuals[3].Forest habitat loss,along with human-elephant conflict,poaching and the illegal trade in ivory and elephant body parts,is weakening global conservation efforts towards the recovery of wild Asian elephant populations at local,national and range-wide scales[3,4].

关键词：亚洲象 habitat Species

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Demonstration of joule-level chirped pulse amplification based on tiled Ti:sapphire amplifier

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Chinese Optics Letters 2021年第1期19卷 64-68页

作者： keyang Liu Yanqi Liu Yunhai Tang Junchi Chen Cheng Wang Xingyan Liu Xiaobin Wang Yingbin Long Yi Xu Yujie Peng Xiaoming Lu Zhengzheng Liu Yuxin Leng State key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 200031China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China CAS center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science Shanghai 201800China

A novel tiled Ti:sapphire(Ti:S)amplifier was experimentally demonstrated with>1 J amplified chirped pulse *** Ti:S crystals having dimensions of 14 mm×14 mm×25 mm were tiled as the gain medium in a four-pass *** output energy of 1.18 J was obtained with 2.75 J pump *** energy conversion efficiency of the tiled Ti:S amplifier was comparable with a single Ti:S *** laser pulse having the maximum peak power of 28 TW was obtained after the ***,the influence of the beam gap on the far field was *** novel tiled Ti:S amplifier technique can provide a potential way for 100 PW or EW lasers in the future.

关键词： Ti:sapphire crystal tiled Ti:sapphire amplifier chirped pulse

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Additive effects of warming and grazing on fine-root decomposition and loss of nutrients in an alpine meadow

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2022年第6期15卷 1273-1284页

作者： Yang Zhou Wang-Wang Lv Shi-Ping Wang Li-Rong Zhang Jian-Ping Sun Li-Li Jiang Pei-Pei Liu Qi Wang Bo-Wen Li AWang Huan Hong Su-Ren Zhang Lu Xia Nan Ji Zheng-Xin Xie Cai-Yun Luo Zhen-Hua Zhang Chang-Hui Wang Jin-Zhi Wang Ci Yang Tsechoe Dorji key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China CAS center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101China Department of Resources and Environment Hebei Normal University for NationalitiesChengde 067600China Science College Tibet UniversityLhasa 850001China Northwestern Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesQinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold AreaXining 810008China Grassland College Shanxi Agriculture UniversityTaigu 030801China Wetland Institute Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100093China center for Meteorology Meteorological Bureau of Tibet Autonomous RegionLhasa 850000China

Fine-root decomposition is a critical process regulating ecosystem carbon cycles and affecting nutrient cycling and soil ***,whether interaction between warming and grazing affects fine-root decomposition is still under-researched in natural grasslands.A two-factorial experiment with asymmetric warming(*** *** and growing season *** season)and moderate grazing(*** average 50%forage utilization rate)was conducted to explore whether warming and grazing affect fine-root decomposition and loss of nutrients during a 2-year decomposition period in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan *** warming and grazing facilitated carbon cycling through increase in fine-root decomposition,and influenced element cycling which varies among *** effects of warming and grazing on fine-root decomposition and loss of nutrients were *** warming and grazing significantly increased cumulative percentage mass loss and total organic carbon loss of fine roots during the 2-year *** warming with grazing treatment reduced percentage nitrogen loss,whereas warming,regardless of grazing,decreased percentage phosphorus *** and grazing alone increased percentage loss of potassium,sodium,calcium and magnesium compared with *** were no interactions between warming and grazing on fine-root decomposition and loss of *** was greater temperature sensitivity of decreased phosphorus loss than that of decreased nitrogen *** temperature sensitivities of percentage loss of nutrients from fine-root decomposition would alter ratios of the available nutrients in soils,and may further affect ecosystem structure and functions in future warming.

关键词： root decomposition organic carbon loss loss of nutrients warming and grazing alpine meadow Tibetan Plateau

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Interface charges boosted ultrafast lithiation in Li_4Ti_5O_12 revealed by in-situ electron holography

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2018年第5期27卷 1397-1401页

作者： Yuren Wen Xiao Chen Xia Lu Lin Gu Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Beijing key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology Department of Chemical Engineering. Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Beijing Advanced Innovation center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China Collaborative Innovation center of Quantum Matter Beijing 100190 China School of Physical Sciences. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

It is still a great challenge at present to combine the high rate capability of the electrochemical capacitor with the high electrochemical capacity feature of rechargeable battery in energy storage and transport devices. By studying the lithiation mechanism of Li_4Ti_5O_12 （LTO） using in-situ electron holography, we find that double charge layers are formed at the interface of the insulating Li_4Ti_5O_12 （Li_4） phase and the semiconducting Li_7Ti_5O_12 （Li_7） phase, and can greatly boost the lithiation kinetics. The electron wave phase of the LTO particle is found to gradually shrink with the interface movement, leaving a positive electric field from Li_7 to Li_4 phase. Once the capacitive interface charges are formed, the lithiation of the core/shell particle could be established within 10 s. The ultrafast kinetics is attributed to the built-in interface potential and the mixed Ti3＋/Ti4＋ sites at the interface that could be maximally lowering the thermodynamic barrier for Li ion migration.

关键词： Li_4Ti_5O_12 In-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) Off-axis electron holography Interface charge

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Formation mechanism of twin domain boundary in 2D materials: The case for WTe2

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Nano Research 2019年第3期12卷 569-573页

作者： Guan-Yong Wang Weiyu Xie Dan Xu Hai-Yang Ma Hao Yang Hong Lu Hao-Hua Sun Yao-Yi Li Shuang Jia Liang Fu Shengbai Zhang Jin-Feng Jia key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education) School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Department of Physics Applied Physics and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York 12180 USA Institute of Chemical Materials China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) P. O. Box 919-327 Mianyang 621900 China International center for Quantum Materials School of Physics Peking University Beijing 100084 China Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai 200240 China

Our scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) study observes, for the first time, twin domain boundary (TDB) formations on the surface of WTe2 single crystal, which is glued by solidifying indium to Si substrate. In these TDB regions, a large inhomogeneous strain field, especially a critical shear strain of about 7%, is observed by geometric phase analysis. This observation does not obey the old believe that a small mechanical stress is sufficient to drive thermally-induced TDB formations in two-dimensional materials. To resolve the contradiction, we perform density functional theory calculations combined with elasticity theory analysis, which show that TDBs on WTe2 are entirely displacement-induced, for which a critical strain is necessary to overcome the onset barrier.

关键词： twin domain boundary seanning tunneling microscopy (STM) density functional theory strain WTe2

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Crop cover reconstruction and its effects on sediment retention in the Tibetan Plateau for 1900-2000

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2017年第7期27卷 786-800页

作者： LI Shicheng WANG Zhaofeng ZHANG Yili key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research (IGSNRR) CAS Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China School of Public Administration China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China CAS center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Geographically explicit historical land use and land cover datasets are increasingly required in studies of climatic and ecological effects of human activities. In this study, using historical population data as a proxy, the provincial cropland areas of Qinghai province and the Tibet Autonomous Region （TAR） for 1900, 1930, and 1950 were estimated. The cropland areas of Qinghai and the TAR for 1980 and 2000 were obtained from published statistical data with revisions. Using a land suitability for cultivation model, the provincial cropland areas for the 20th century were converted into crop cover datasets with a resolution of 1 x 1 km. Finally, changes of sediment retention due to crop cover change were assessed using the sediment delivery ratio module of the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs （In- VEST） model （version 3.3.1）. There were two main results. （1） For 1950-1980 the fractional cropland area increased from 0.32% to 0.48% and land use clearly intensified in the Tibetan Plateau （TP）, especially in the Yellow River-Huangshui River Valley （YHRV） and the mid- stream of the Yarlung Zangbo River and its two tributaries valley （YRTT）. For other periods of the 20th century, stability was the main trend. （2） For 1950-1980, sediment export increased rapidly in the Minhe autonomous county of the YHRV, and in the Nianchu River and Lhasa River basins of the YRTT, which means that sediment retention clearly decreased in these regions over this period. The results of this assessment provide scientific support for con- servation planning, development planning, or restoration activities.

关键词： cropland reconstruction ecosystem services INVEST model the 20th century Qinghai province the Tibet Autonomous Region

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Influence of mineral species on oil-soil interfacial interaction in petroleum-contaminated soils

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2023年第9期61卷 147-156页

作者： Yang Yang Dandan Liu Xing Liang Xiaobing Li National center for Coal Preparation and Purification Engineering Research China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China School of Chemical Engineering and Technology China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China

The mineral species in soils vary in a wide variety of places,thus resulting in the petroleumcontaminated soil(PCS)with complex ***,the research on the effect of mineral species on oil-soil interactions in PCS takes on a critical *** this study,the desorption and adsorption behaviors of aromatic hydrocarbons(Ar)on two minerals surfaces were ***,the interfacial forces between minerals and Ar were studied and the sources of these forces were ***,molecular dynamics(MD)simulations were conducted to gain insight into the interfacial interaction *** revealed by the results of this study,in comparison with Qs-Ar(quartz sand,Qs),Mnt-Ar(montmorillonite,Mnt)contaminants required higher temperature and activation energies for thermal desorption(201.95 kJ·mol^(-1)vs.127.82 kJ·mol^(-1))The above difference was generated since the adhesive forces between Ar and Mnt surfaces were greater than those between Ar and *** indicated by the analysis of the adhesion force sources,the van der Waals forces were responsible for facilitating oil adhesion to mineral surfaces,even though the electrostatic force prevented oil-mineral ***,the hydrophobic forces facilitated adhesion in 3 *** MD results demonstrated that compared with the Qs system,there existed larger binding energies between Ar and Mnt,a lower diffusion coefficient for Ar on the Mnt surface,as well as more significant adsorption of Ar on *** general,the different mineral species affect the strength of the interaction at the oil-soil interface,which is a guideline for proposing targeted oil-soil separation measures.

关键词： Oil-soil interface Thermal desorption Isothermal adsorption Extended-DLVO(EDLVO) Molecular dynamics

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Clay minerals in Arctic Kongsfjorden surface sediments and their implications on provenance and paleoenvironmental change

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2018年第5期37卷 29-38页

作者： SHI Fengdeng SHI Xuefa SU Xin FANG Xisheng WU Yonghua CHENG Zhenbo YAO Zhengquan School of Ocean Sciences China University of Geosciences (Beijing) key Laboratory of State Oceanic Administration for Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology The First Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration Laboratory for Marine Geology Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology

Kongsfjorden is a typical fjord on the edge of the ice cap of the Arctic Svalbard-Barents Sea. Its inner bay is connected with a modern glacier front along the direction of the fjord axis with a significant gradient change in the parameters of hydrology, sedimentation, and biology. In summer, ice and snow melt-water and floating ice collapse continuously and thus transport the weathering products on the surrounding land into the sea. Thus Kongsfjorden is regards as a natural laboratory for the study of unique sedimentation in polar fjords under modern glacial-sea water conditions. In this study, fifty-two surface sediments were collected in Kongsfjorden for clay mineral analysis to study the sediment source and sediment-transport process. Our results indicate that clay minerals in the surface sediments from Kongsfjorden are mainly composed of illite, chlorite, and kaolinite, and no smectite is found. Rocks from different periods exposed extensively in the surrounding areas of Kongsfjorden provide an important material basis for clay minerals in the Kongsfjorden. Kaolinite may be mainly derived from the fluvial deposits, weathered from reddish sandstones and conglomerates during the Carboniferous *** is mainly derived from Proterozoic low-grade and medium-grade metamorphic phyllite, mica schist, and gneiss. While chlorite is mainly from Proterozoic low-grade metamorphic phyllite and mica schist. In the direction from the fluvio-glacial estuary to the sea of the glacier front of Kongsfjorden, illite increase gradually,and the content of kaolinite declines gradually. However, the change pattern of chlorite is insignificant, which may be related to the provenance. Kongsfjorden detritus is mainly transported by the fluvio-glacial streams and icebergs into the sea and deposited in the inner bay. Coarse sediments are rapidly deposited in the glacier front,estuary, and near-shore areas. Clay fraction begins to deposit significantly by 200–400 m after flowing into

关键词： Arctic Pole Kongsfjorden clay mineral provenance sedimentation

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Area-Preserving Parameterization with Tutte Regularization

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Communications in Mathematics and Statistics 2023年第4期11卷 727-740页

作者： Jingyao Ke Bin Xu Zhouwang Yang School of Mathematical Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiPeople’s Republic of China CAS Wu Wen-Tsun key Laboratory of Mathematics and School of Mathematical Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiPeople’s Republic of China

Area-preserving parameterization is now widely applied,such as for remeshing and medical image *** propose an efficient and stable approach to compute area-preserving parameterization on simply connected open *** an initial parameterization,we construct an objective function of *** consists of an area distortion measure and a new regularization,termed as the Tutte regularization,combined into an optimization problem with sliding boundary *** original area-preserving problem is decomposed into a series of subproblems to linearize the boundary *** design an iteration framework based on the augmented Lagrange method to solve each linear constrained *** method generates a high-quality parameterization with area-preserving on *** experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the designed framework and the Tutte regularization for achieving a fine parameterization.

关键词： Surface parameterization Area-preserving parameterization Tutte embedding Simply connected open surfaces

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Effect of epidemic diseases on wild animal conservation

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第6期18卷 963-980页

作者： Bin HU Shuyi HAN Hongxuan HE National Research center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Under the background of global species extinction,the impact of epidemic diseases on wild animal protection is increasingly ***,we review and synthesize the literature on this topic,and discuss the relationship between diseases and *** usually reduce species diversity by decreasing or extinction of species populations,but also accelerate species evolution and promote species *** the same time,species diversity can regulate disease outbreaks through dilution or amplification *** synergistic effect of human activities and global change is emphasized,which further aggravates the complex relationship between biodiversity and ***,we emphasize the importance of active surveillance of wild animal diseases,which can protect wild animals from potential diseases,maintain population size and genetic variation,and reduce the damage of diseases to the balance of the whole ecosystem and human ***,we suggest that a background survey of wild animal populations and their pathogens should be carried out to assess the impact of potential outbreaks on the population or species *** mechanism of dilution and amplification effect between species diversity and diseases of wild animals should be further studied to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for human intervention measures to change *** importantly,we should closely combine the protection of wild animals with the establishment of an active surveillance,prevention,and control system for wild animal epidemics,in an effort to achieve a win-win situation between wild animal protection and disease control.

关键词： active surveillance amplification effect dilution effect disease spillover wild animal protection

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