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Einstein Probe discovery of EP240408a: A peculiar X-ray transient with an intermediate timescale

Science China(Physics,Mechanics & astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 222-240页

作者： Wenda Zhang Weimin Yuan Zhixing Ling Yong Chen Nanda Rea Arne Rau Zhiming Cai Huaqing Cheng Francesco Coti Zelati Lixin Dai Jingwei Hu Shumei Jia Chichuan Jin Dongyue Li Paul O’Brien Rongfeng Shen Xinwen Shu Shengli Sun Xiaojin Sun Xiaofeng Wang Lei Yang Bing Zhang Chen Zhang Shuang-Nan Zhang Yonghe Zhang Jie An David Buckley Alexis Coleiro Bertrand Cordier Liming Dou Rob Eyles-Ferris Zhou Fan Hua Feng Shaoyu Fu Johan P.U.Fynbo Lluis Galbany Saurabh W.Jha Shuaiqing Jiang Albert Kong Erik Kuulkers Weihua Lei Wenxiong Li Bifang Liu Mingjun Liu Xing Liu Yuan Liu Zhu Liu Chandreyee Maitra Alessio Marino Itumeleng Monageng Kirpal Nandra Jeremy Sanders Roberto Soria Lian Tao Junfeng Wang Song Wang Tinggui Wang Zhongxiang Wang Qingwen Wu Xuefeng Wu Dong Xu Yanjun Xu Suijian Xue Yongquan Xue Zijian Zhang Zipei Zhu Hu Zou Congying Bao Fansheng Chen Houlei Chen Tianxiang Chen Wei Chen Yehai Chen Yifan Chen Chenzhou Cui Weiwei Cui Yanfeng Dai Dongwei Fan Ju Guan Dawei Han Dongjie Hou Haibo Hu Maohai Huang Jia Huo Zhenqing Jia Bowen Jiang Ge Jin Chengkui Li Junfei Li Longhui Li Maoshun Li Wei Li Zhengda Li Tianying Lian Congzhan Liu Heyang Liu Huaqiu Liu Fangjun Lu Laidan Luo Jia Ma Xuan Mao Haiwu Pan Xin Pan Liming Song Hui Sun Yunyin Tan Qingjun Tang Yihan Tao Hao Wang Juan Wang Lei Wang Wenxin Wang Yilong Wang Yusa Wang Qinyu Wu Haitao Xu Jingjing Xu Xinpeng Xu Yunfei Xu Zhao Xu Changbin Xue Yulong Xue Ailiang Yan Haonan Yang Xiongtao Yang Yanji Yang Juan Zhang Mo Zhang Wenjie Zhang Zhen Zhang Zhen Zhang Ziliang Zhang Donghua Zhao Haisheng Zhao Xiaofan Zhao Zijian Zhao Hongyan Zhou Yilin Zhou Yuxuan Zhu Zhencai Zhu National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences School of astronomy and Space Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences key laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Space Sciences (ICE) CSIC Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics Innovation Academy for Microsatellites Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Physics University of Hong Kong School of Physics and astronomy University of Leicester School of Physics and astronomy Sun Yat-sen University Department of Physics Anhui Normal University Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Physics Department Tsinghua University Nevada Center for Astrophysics University of Nevada Las Vegas Department of Physics and astronomy University of Nevada Las Vegas South African Astronomical Observatory Department of astronomy University of Cape Town Department of Physics University of the Free State Université Paris Cité CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie Université Paris Cité CEA Paris-Saclay IRFU/DAp-AIM Department of astronomy Guangzhou University Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Department of Physics and astronomy Rutgers the State University of New Jersey Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo ESA/ESTEC Department of astronomy School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino Sydney Institute for astronomy School of Physics The University of Sydney Department of astronomy Xiamen University Institute for Frontiers in astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal University Department of astronomy University of Science and Technology School of astronomy and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Institute of Deep Space Sciences Deep Space Exploration laboratory Department of astronomy School of Physics and astronomy Yunnan University Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chi

We report the discovery of a peculiar X-ray transient,EP240408a,by Einstein Probe （EP） and follow-up studies made with EP,Swift,NICER,GROND,ATCA and other ground-based multiwavelength *** new transient was first detected with Wide-field X-ray Telescope （WXT） on board EP on April 8th,2024,manifested in an intense yet brief X-ray flare lasting for *** flare reached a peak flux of 3.9×10-9erg cm-2s-1in 0.5-4 ke V,～300 times brighter than the underlying X-ray emission detected throughout the *** and more precise follow-up observations by EP/FXT,Swift and NICER confirmed the finding of this new *** X-ray spectrum is non-thermal in 0.5-10 ke V,with a power-law photon index varying *** X-ray light curve shows a plateau lasting for ～4 d,followed by a steep decay till becoming undetectable ～10 d after the initial *** on its temporal property and constraints from previous EP observations,an unusual timescale in the range of 7-23 d is found for EP240408a,which is intermediate between the commonly found fast and long-term *** counterparts have been found in optical and near-infrared,with the earliest observation at 17 h after the initial X-ray detection,suggestive of intrinsically weak emission in these *** demonstrate that the remarkable properties of EP240408a are inconsistent with any of the transient types known so far,by comparison with,in particular,jetted tidal disruption events,gamma-ray bursts,X-ray binaries and fast blue optical *** nature of EP240408a thus remains an *** suggest that EP240408a may represent a new type of transients with intermediate timescales of the order of～10 *** detection and follow-ups of more of such objects are essential for revealing their origin.

关键词： X-ray transients ${\bm~{Einstein~~Probe}}$

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Molecule‑Level Multiscale Design of Nonflammable Gel Polymer Electrolyte to Build Stable SEI/CEI for Lithium Metal Battery

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 404-423页

作者： Qiqi Sun Zelong Gong Tao Zhang Jiafeng Li Xianli Zhu Ruixiao Zhu Lingxu Wang Leyuan Ma Xuehui Li Miaofa Yuan Zhiwei Zhang Luyuan Zhang Zhao Qian Longwei Yin Rajeev Ahuja Chengxiang Wang key laboratory for Liquid‑Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials(Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan 250061People’s Republic of China Condensed Matter Theory Department of Physics and AstronomyUppsala UniversityUppsala 75120Sweden

The risk of flammability is an unavoidable issue for gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs).Usually,flameretardant solvents are necessary to be used,but most of them would react with anode/cathode easily and cause serious interfacial instability,which is a big challenge for design and application of nonflammable ***,a nonflammable GPE(SGPE)is developed by in situ polymerizing trifluoroethyl methacrylate(TFMA)monomers with flame-retardant triethyl phosphate(TEP)solvents and LiTFSI–LiDFOB dual lithium *** is strongly anchored to PTFMA matrix via polarity interaction between-P=O and-CH_(2)CF_(3).It reduces free TEP molecules,which obviously mitigates interfacial reactions,and enhances flame-retardant performance of TEP *** TEP molecules are also inhibited in solvation of Li^(+),leading to anion-dominated solvation sheath,which creates inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interface/cathode electrolyte interface *** coordination structure changes Li^(+)transport from sluggish vehicular to fast structural transport,raising ionic conductivity to 1.03 mS cm^(-1) and transfer number to 0.41 at 30℃.The Li|SGPE|Li cell presents highly reversible Li stripping/plating performance for over 1000 h at 0.1 mA cm^(−2),and 4.2 V LiCoO_(2)|SGPE|Li battery delivers high average specific capacity>120 mAh g^(−1) over 200 *** study paves a new way to make nonflammable GPE that is compatible with Li metal anode.

关键词： Anchoring effect Nonflammable gel electrolyte In situ cross-linked Electrode-electrolyte interface Li metal battery

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In situ polymerization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)protective layer towards stable zinc anode

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Nano Research 2025年第1期18卷 382-394页

作者： Debin Luo Peng Zhou Xiaowei Lv Panpan Sun Xiaohua Sun Hewei Zhao College of Materials and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion MaterialsChina Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China Hubei Three Gorges laboratory Yichang 443007China School of Chemistry Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

Aqueous zinc-ion devices are considered promising candidates for energy storage due to their high safety,low cost and relatively high energy ***,the dendrite growth,hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and corrosion of the zinc anode significantly limit the development of Zn-ion ***,an inexpensive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT)protective layer was constructed in situ on the Zn surface using electropolymerization to suppress dendrite growth and side reactions,thereby enhancing the reversibility of *** and theoretical calculations revealed that this hydrophilic protective layer promotes the desolvation process of hydrated Zn^(2+)and facilitates the transport of zinc ions,thus improving the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of Zn^(2+)deposition and inhibiting interfacial side ***,the optimized PEDOT@Zn symmetric battery exhibited a cycling stability exceeding 1250 h at 0.5 mA·cm^(-2)and 0.25 mAh·cm^(-2),with a significantly reduced overpotential(from 91.8 to 35 mV).With the assistance of the PEDOT protective layer,the PEDOT@Zn//Cu battery maintained approximately 99.5%Coulombic efficiency after 450 ***-situ scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and in situ optical microscopy characterizations further confirmed that the PEDOT protective layer can effectively suppress the growth of zinc ***,the Zn-ion capacitors assembled by the PEDOT@Zn and activated carbon also demonstrated outstanding cycling stability.

关键词： zinc-ion devices zinc anode poly(3 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT) dendrite desolvation process

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Metallicity and star formation activities of the interacting system Arp 86 from observations with MOS on the Xinglong 2.16m telescope

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Research in astronomy and Astrophysics 2014年第11期14卷 1393-1405页

作者： Zhi-Min Zhou Hong Wu Lei Huang Hong-Bin Li Zhi-Zhong Zhou Jun-Jun Jia Man-I Lam Yi-Nan Zhu key laboratory of optical astronomy National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of Sciences key laboratory of optical astronomy National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences

We present an analysis of the metallicity and star formation activities of H II regions in the interacting system Arp 86, based on the first scientific observations using mulri-object spectroscopy with the 2.16 m telescope at the Xinglong Observing Station. We find that the oxygen abundance gradient in Arp 86 is flatter than that in normal disk galaxies, which confirms that gas inflows caused by tidal forces during encounters can flatten the metallicity distributions in galaxies. The companion galaxy NGC 7752 is currently experiencing a galaxy-wide starburst with a higher star for- marion rate surface density than the main galaxy NGC 7753, which can be explained in that the companion galaxy is more susceptible to the effects of interaction than the primary. We also find that the galaxy 2MASX J23470758＋2926531 has similar abun- dance and star formation properties to NGC 7753, and may be a part of the Arp 86 system.

关键词： galaxies abundances -- galaxies evolution -- galaxies interactions --(ISM:) H II regions -- techniques spectroscopic

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An Unprecedented Efficiency with Approaching 21%Enabled by Additive‑Assisted Layer‑by‑Layer Processing in Organic Solar Cells

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 372-375页

作者： Shuai Xu Youdi Zhang Yanna Sun Pei Cheng Zhaoyang Yao Ning Li Long Ye Lijian Zuo Ke Gao key laboratory of Advanced Green Functional Materials College of ChemistryChangchun Normal UniversityChangchun 130032People’s Republic of China Shandong Provincial key laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityQingdao 266237People’s Republic of China College of Polymer Science and Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065People’s Republic of China State key laboratory and Institute of Elemento‑Organic Chemistry Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer MaterialsRenewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center(RECAST)College of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin 300071People’s Republic of China Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State key laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640People’s Republic of China Tianjin key laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences School of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin 300350People’s Republic of China State key laboratory of Silicon Materials MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China

Recently published in Joule,Feng Liu and colleagues from Shanghai Jiaotong University reported a record-breaking 20.8%power conversion efficiency in organic solar cells(OSCs)with an interpenetrating fibril network active layer morphology,featuring a bulk p-in structure and proper vertical segregation achieved through additive-assisted layer-by-layer *** optimized hierarchical gradient fibrillar morphology and optical management synergistically facilitates exciton diffusion,reduces recombination losses,and enhances light capture *** approach not only offers a solution to achieving high-efficiency devices but also demonstrates the potential for commercial applications of OSCs.

关键词： Organic solar cells Additive-assisted layer-by-layer processing Three-dimensional fibril morphology Bulk p-i-n structure optical management

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An empirical L-band scintillation model for a mid-latitude station,Weihai, China during the low solar activity period

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2019年第7期62卷 1182-1190页

作者： PRIYADARSHI Shishir ZHANG Qing-He WANG Yong Shandong Provincial key laboratory of optical astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment Institute of Space SciencesShandong University

Mid-latitude ionospheric scintillation has been studied in very poor proportion as compared to the equatorial and high latitude ionospheric scintillation. Mid-latitude ionospheric scintillations are often associated with either day time photo-ionization or due to the storm enhanced density. Using the phase screen model and the wave propagation theory in random media, we have identified the orientation of the ionospheric irregularities over Weihai with the local geomagnetic field. Amplitude and phase scintillation data observed using global positioning system(GPS) scintillation receiver deployed at the mid-latitude observation station Weihai, have been used along with K-index derived from the horizontal magnetic field component of the local magnetometer. The proposed model uses the scintillation indices relationship with the local K-index. We identified the scintillation dependence over local K-index during geomagnetic quiet and disturbed condition. This dependence coefficient is used on the real scintillation data for modeling. The presented scintillation model has been validated by comparing it to the real observations. The co-relation coefficient is more than 90% during the disturbed as well as quiet geomagnetic conditions.

关键词： mid-latitude ionosphere scintillation GPS global navigation satellite systems (GNSS)

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Planet host stars in open clusters

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & astronomy) 2015年第3期58卷 96-101页

作者： YANG XiaoLing CHEN YuQin ZHAO Gang key laboratory of optical astronomy National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

We have compiled a list of all planet host star candidates reported in the literature,which are likely to be cluster members,and we checked their memberships by the spatial location,radial velocity,proper motion and photometric *** found that only six stars,BD-13 2130,HD 28305,Kepler-66,Kepler-67,Pr0201 and Pr0211,are planet orbiting stars in open clusters to *** stars,HD 70573 and HD 89744,belong to moving groups and one star,TYC 8975-2606-1,may not be a planet host star,while three stars,HD 16175,HD 46375 and HD 108874 are not members of open *** note that all these six planetary systems in the stellar cluster environment are younger than^1 Gyr,which might indicate that the planetary system in open cluster can not survive for a long time,and we speculate that close stellar encounters between member stars in open cluster can potentially destroy,or at least strongly affect,the presence of planetary systems.

关键词： extrasolar planets planetary survival open cluster

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Anomalous Variation of Beat Frequency in a Dual Frequency He-Ne Laser

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Chinese Physics Letters 2016年第2期33卷 51-54页

作者：刘维新孙明哲 Shandong Provincial key laboratory of optical astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment Institute of Space SciencesShandong University

The beat frequency in a dual frequency He-Ne laser varies while the resonant cavity length is tuned. As to the laser with two longitudinal modes, the variation amplitude is commonly less than 500 kHz, proven by experiments and theories. This study reveals an anomalous variation of the beat frequency when a piece of element is put into the cavity and is aligned with the laser axis. Consequently the variation amplitude couM reach 22 MHz, several dozen times larger than that without the intra-cavity element. This cannot be explained only by laser mode pulling and pushing effects. Some influencing factors are investigated experimentally, including the tilted angle of the element and the distance between its surface and cavity mirror. The qualitative analysis is discussed, which agrees with the experimental results.

关键词： of on as it or Anomalous Variation of Beat Frequency in a Dual Frequency He-Ne Laser in is

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Design of an augmented reality display based on polarization grating

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Chinese Physics B 2019年第7期28卷 216-221页

作者： Renjie Xia Changshun Wang Yujia Pan Tianyu Chen Ziyao Lyu Lili Sun State key laboratory of Advanced optical Communication Systems and Networks School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong University

A new optical system for an augmented reality(AR) display is proposed in this *** optical system mainly includes a ray deflector, coupling input grating, optical waveguide, and coupling output *** the ray deflector and the coupling input grating are designed based on the diffraction characteristics of the polarization grating, and the coupling output grating is the Bragg reflection *** with other AR schemes, this AR optical system not only reduces the number of projections from two to one, but also improves the efficiency of light coupling into the optical *** energy loss is reduced by utilizing the single-order diffraction characteristics of the polarization grating in its coupling input *** light deflector uses the polarization selectivity of the polarization grating and the characteristics of the rotating light of the twisted nematic liquid crystal layer to realize beam *** working principle of the optical system is experimentally and theoretically demonstrated.

关键词： augmented reality polarization grating azo liquid crystal

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Preface: The LAMOST Galactic surveys and early results

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Research in astronomy and Astrophysics 2015年第8期15卷 1089-1094页

作者： Xiao-Wei Liu Gang Zhao Jin-Liang Hou Department of astronomy Peking University key laboratory of optical astronomy National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of Sciences key laboratory of Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of Sciences

By the time of this writing, the ongoing LAMOST Galactic surveys have collected approximately 4.5 million stellar spectra with signal-to-noise ratios better than 10 per pixel. This special issue is devoted to early results from the surveys, mostly based on the LAMOST Data Release 1 （DR1; Luo et al., this volume） that contains data secured by May 2013, the end of the first year of regular surveys, al- though a few studies have made use of data collected in the second year of regular surveys. LAMOST DR1 was released to the Chinese astronomical community and international partners in August 2013 and made public to the whole world in March 2015. Here we briefly review the scope and motivation, data reduction and release, as well as early results of the surveys. As the project advances, one can expect that these surveys will yield an exquisite description of the distribution, kinematics and chemistry of Galactic stellar populations, especially those within a few kpc of the Sun, a robust measurement of the local dark matter density, and, consequently, shed light on how our Galaxy, and other galaxies in general, form and evolve.

关键词： Telescope: LAMOST -- Milky Way general -- Spectroscopy survey

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