Measurements from a hyperspectral infrared(HIR) sounder onboard a satellite in geostationary orbit not only provide atmospheric thermodynamic information,but also can be used to infer dynamic information with high tem...
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Measurements from a hyperspectral infrared(HIR) sounder onboard a satellite in geostationary orbit not only provide atmospheric thermodynamic information,but also can be used to infer dynamic information with high temporal *** measurements from the Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder(GIIRS),obtained with 15-min temporal resolution during Typhoon Maria(2018) and 30-min temporal resolution during Typhoon Lekima(2019),were used to derive three-dimensional(3D) horizontal winds by tracking the motion of atmospheric *** work focused on the impact of assimilation of 3D winds on typhoon analyses and forecasts using the operational NWP model of the China meteorological Administration(CMA-MESO),and improved understanding of the potential benefits of assimilating dynamic information from geostationary sounder data with higher temporal *** standard deviation of the observations minus simulations revealed that the accuracy of the derived 3D winds with 15-min resolution was higher than that of derived winds with 30-min *** showed that the assimilation system can effectively absorb the information of the derived 3D winds,and that dynamic information from clear-sky areas can be transferred to typhoon *** typhoon prediction,assimilation of the derived 3D winds had greatest influence on the typhoon track,and less influence on the maximum wind *** of the derived 3D winds reduced the average track error by 17.4% for Typhoon Maria(2018) and by 3.5% for Typhoon Lekima(2019) during their entire 36-h forecasts initiated at different *** of GIIRS dynamic information can substantially improve forecasts of heavy precipitation by *** indicate that the assimilation of dynamic information from high-temporal-resolution geostationary HIR sounder data adds value for improved numerical weather prediction.
Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO2) concentrations have caused global climate change such as global warming and more frequent climate extremes. Countries worldwide have proposed carbon neutrality strategies to ...
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Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO2) concentrations have caused global climate change such as global warming and more frequent climate extremes. Countries worldwide have proposed carbon neutrality strategies to curb the rising CO2concentrations. To investigate the impact of China's carbon neutrality goal on atmospheric CO2concentrations, we conducted a series of ideal simulations from 2015 to 2019 using a global 3D chemistry transport model, Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry(GEOS-Chem). Compared with the column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of atmospheric CO2(XCO2) from Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2(OCO-2) and surface CO2measurements in Obs Pack, we find that GEOS-Chem effectively reproduces the spatiotemporal variability of CO2. The model exhibits a root mean square error(RMSE) of 1.51 ppm(R2=0.89) for OCO-2 XCO2in China and 2.65 ppm(R2=0.75) for surface CO2concentrations at the WLG station. Further, compared to 2.83 ppm yr-1in the control experiment, we suggest that net-zero CO2emissions in China decelerate the increasing trends of XCO2to 1.81 ppm yr-1,making a decrease of approximately 35.89%. Meanwhile, the seasonal cycle amplitude(SCA) of XCO2is moderately reduced from 7.39±0.81 to 6.75±0.70 ppm, representing a relative reduction of 9.91%. Spatially, net-zero CO2emissions induce a more significant decrease in XCO2trends over northern and southern China, while their impact on SCA is more evident in northern and northeastern China. Moreover, ideal experiments demonstrate that zero fossil CO2emissions lead to a greater attenuation of the linear trends of XCO2by 40.81%, while the absence of terrestrial CO2sinks largely diminishes the SCA by 16.61%. Additionally,trends and SCA in surface CO2concentrations exhibit almost identical decreasing responses to net-zero CO2emissions but display greater sensitivities compared to XCO2. Overall, our study underscores the potential of China's carbon neutrality goal in mitigating global warming, underscoring the need
The increase in frequency and intensity of Extreme High-temperature Events(EHEs)over Central-Eastern China(CEC)in recent decades has severely impacted social development and *** observation and reanalysis datasets,thi...
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The increase in frequency and intensity of Extreme High-temperature Events(EHEs)over Central-Eastern China(CEC)in recent decades has severely impacted social development and *** observation and reanalysis datasets,this study explores the effect of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet stream(EAJ)on the CEC EHEs for the summers spanning 1979–*** its general relative location to the right side of the upper-level jet stream exit region,CEC would theoretically suffer more EHEs with a stronger and northwardly-shifted EAJ in summer due to the likelihood of abnormal subsidence induced by the ***,such an EAJ–EHE connection has been unstable over the past four decades but has displayed an evident interdecadal *** the late 1990s,the interannual variation of the EAJ was manifested mainly by its meridional displacement in the northeastern part of East Asia;thus,the atmospheric responses were essentially located to the east of CEC,exerting less of an influence on the CEC ***,since the late 1990s,the EAJ variation has featured an intensity change in its center over the northwest portion of the CEC,which has resulted in a westward shift in atmospheric responses to cover the CEC ***,the EAJ could potentially affect the summer CEC EHEs during 2000–*** findings offer support for an in-depth understanding of the formation mechanisms of extreme weather/climate events of this nature and thus provide a scientific reference for seasonal climate predictions.
The Scandinavian(SCA)pattern is an important climate signal in regulating the variability of summer extreme precipitation(SEP)over the eastern slopes of the Tibetan Plateau(ESTP).There is a strong negative correlation...
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The Scandinavian(SCA)pattern is an important climate signal in regulating the variability of summer extreme precipitation(SEP)over the eastern slopes of the Tibetan Plateau(ESTP).There is a strong negative correlation between the SCA pattern and SEP over the ESTP,with a correlation coefficient *** budget analysis showed that the dynamic component anomalies of both the zonal and vertical moisture advection induced by the SCA pattern play the dominant roles in extreme precipitation variability over the *** anomalies are solely linked to variations in zonal wind and vertical *** anomalies of the SCA pattern propagate downstream through Rossby waves,leading to the formation of cyclonic circulations over northern East Asia and the Iranian *** westerlies on the southern side of these cyclonic circulations play a crucial role in influencing the development of significant anomalous westerlies over the *** anomalous westerlies bring climatologically moist air from the Tibetan Plateau(TP)to the ESTP,resulting in positive zonal moisture advection anomalies over the ***,these anomalous westerlies transport climatologically warm air from the TP to the ESTP,leading to significant warm advection anomalies and vertical upward motion anomalies over the *** upward motion carries lower-tropospheric moisture upward,resulting in positive vertical moisture advection anomalies over the *** combination of these positive zonal and vertical moisture advection anomalies eventually leads to excessive SEP.
This paper presents, for the first time, an effective numerical approach based on the isogeometric analysis(IGA) and the six-variable quasi-three dimensional(3D)higher-order shear deformation theory(HSDT) to study the...
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This paper presents, for the first time, an effective numerical approach based on the isogeometric analysis(IGA) and the six-variable quasi-three dimensional(3D)higher-order shear deformation theory(HSDT) to study the free vibration characteristics of functionally-graded(FG) graphene origami(GOri)-enabled auxetic metamaterial(GOEAM) plates submerged in a fluid medium. The plate theory incorporates the thickness stretching and the effects of transverse shear deformation without using any shear correction factors. The velocity potential function and Bernoulli's equation are used to derive the hydrodynamic pressure acting on the plate surface. Both horizontally and vertically immersed plate configurations are considered here in the form of inertia *** plates are composed of multilayer GOEAMs, with the GOri content varying through the plate's thickness in a layer-wise manner. This design results in graded auxetic *** material properties are evaluated by mixing rules and a genetic programming(GP)-assisted micromechanical model. The governing equations of motion for the FG-GOEAM plates immersed in a fluid medium are derived by Hamilton's principle. After validating the convergence and accuracy of the present model, a comprehensive parametric study is carried out to examine the effects of the GOri content, GOri distribution pattern, GOri folding degree, fluid level, immersed depth, and geometric parameter on the natural frequencies of the FG-GOEAM plates. The results show that the natural frequencies for the four GOri distribution patterns increase with the increase in the layer number when the lay number is fewer than 10, and then stabilize after the layer number reaches ***, in general, the natural frequency of the FG-GOEAM plate in a vacuum or fluid increases when the GOri content increases, while decreases when the GOri folding degree increases. Some additional findings related to the numerical results are presented in the conclusions. It is belie
Based on the hindcasts from five subseasonal-to-seasonal(S2S)models participating in the S2S Prediction Project,this study evaluates the performance of the multimodel ensemble(MME)approach in predicting the subseasona...
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Based on the hindcasts from five subseasonal-to-seasonal(S2S)models participating in the S2S Prediction Project,this study evaluates the performance of the multimodel ensemble(MME)approach in predicting the subseasonal precipitation anomalies during summer in China and reveals the contributions of possible driving *** results suggest that while single-model ensembles(SMEs)exhibit constrained predictive skills within a limited forecast lead time of three pentads,the MME illustrates an enhanced predictive skill at a lead time of up to four pentads,and even six pentads,in southern *** on both deterministic and probabilistic verification metrics,the MME consistently outperforms SMEs,with a more evident advantage observed in probabilistic *** superior performance of the MME is primarily attributable to the increase in ensemble size,and the enhanced model diversity is also a contributing *** reliability of probabilistic skill is largely improved due to the increase in ensemble members,while the resolution term does not exhibit consistent ***,the Madden–Julian Oscillation(MJO)is revealed as the primary driving factor for the successful prediction of summer precipitation in China using the *** improvement by the MME is not solely attributable to the enhancement in the inherent predictive capacity of the MJO itself,but derives from its capability in capturing the more realistic relationship between the MJO and subseasonal precipitation anomalies in *** study establishes a scientific foundation for acknowledging the advantageous predictive capability of the MME approach in subseasonal predictions of summer precipitation in China,and sheds light on further improving S2S predictions.
Previous studies have shown that deep learning is very effective in detecting known ***,when facing unknown attacks,models such as Deep Neural Networks(DNN)combined with Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM),Convolutional Neur...
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Previous studies have shown that deep learning is very effective in detecting known ***,when facing unknown attacks,models such as Deep Neural Networks(DNN)combined with Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM),Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)combined with LSTM,and so on are built by simple stacking,which has the problems of feature loss,low efficiency,and low ***,this paper proposes an autonomous detectionmodel for Distributed Denial of Service attacks,Multi-Scale Convolutional Neural Network-Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Units-Single Headed Attention(MSCNN-BiGRU-SHA),which is based on a Multistrategy Integrated Zebra Optimization Algorithm(MI-ZOA).The model undergoes training and testing with the CICDDoS2019 dataset,and its performance is evaluated on a new GINKS2023 *** hyperparameters for Conv_filter and GRU_unit are optimized using the Multi-strategy Integrated Zebra Optimization Algorithm(MIZOA).The experimental results show that the test accuracy of the MSCNN-BiGRU-SHA model based on the MIZOA proposed in this paper is as high as 0.9971 in the CICDDoS 2019 *** evaluation accuracy of the new dataset GINKS2023 created in this paper is *** to the MSCNN-BiGRU-SHA model based on the Zebra Optimization Algorithm(ZOA),the detection accuracy on the GINKS2023 dataset has improved by 5.81%,precisionhas increasedby 1.35%,the recallhas improvedby 9%,and theF1scorehas increasedby 5.55%.Compared to the MSCNN-BiGRU-SHA models developed using Grid Search,Random Search,and Bayesian Optimization,the MSCNN-BiGRU-SHA model optimized with the MI-ZOA exhibits better performance in terms of accuracy,precision,recall,and F1 score.
Propane dehydrogenation (PDH) is a vital industrial process for producing propene,utilizing primarily Cr-based or Pt-based *** catalysts often suffer from challenges such as the toxicity of Cr,the high costs of nobl...
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Propane dehydrogenation (PDH) is a vital industrial process for producing propene,utilizing primarily Cr-based or Pt-based *** catalysts often suffer from challenges such as the toxicity of Cr,the high costs of noble metals like Pt,and deactivation issues due to sintering or coke formation at elevated *** introduce an exceptional Ru-based catalyst,Ru nanoparticles anchored on a nitrogendoped carbon matrix (Ru@NC),which achieves a propane conversion rate of 32.2%and a propene selectivity of 93.1%at 550°C,with minimal coke deposition and a low deactivation rate of 0.0065 *** using techniques like TEM and XPS,along with carefully-designed controlled experiments,reveal that the notable performance of Ru@NC stems from the modified electronic state of Ru by nitrogen dopant and the microporous nature of the matrix,positioning it as a top contender among state-of-the-art PDH catalysts.
The mechanical behavior of cemented gangue backfill materials(CGBMs)is closely related to particle size distribution(PSD)of aggregates and properties of cementitious ***,the true triaxial compression tests,CT scanning...
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The mechanical behavior of cemented gangue backfill materials(CGBMs)is closely related to particle size distribution(PSD)of aggregates and properties of cementitious ***,the true triaxial compression tests,CT scanning,SEM,and EDS tests were conducted on cemented gangue backfill samples(CGBSs)with various carbon nanotube concentrations(P_(CNT))that satisfied fractal theory for the PSD of *** mechanical properties,energy dissipations,and failure mechanisms of the CGBSs under true triaxial compression were systematically *** results indicate that appropriate carbon nanotubes(CNTs)effectively enhance the mechanical properties and energy dissipations of CGBSs through micropore filling and microcrack bridging,and the optimal effect appears at P_(CNT)of 0.08wt%.Taking PSD fractal dimension(D)of 2.500 as an example,compared to that of CGBS without CNT,the peak strength(σ_(p)),axial peak strain(ε_(1,p)),elastic strain energy(Ue),and dissipated energy(U_(d))increased by 12.76%,29.60%,19.05%,and90.39%,***,excessive CNTs can reduce the mechanical properties of CGBSs due to CNT agglomeration,manifesting a decrease inρ_(p),ε_(1,p),and the volumetric strain increment(Δε_(v))when P_(CNT)increases from 0.08wt%to 0.12wt%.Moreover,the addition of CNTs improved the integrity of CGBS after macroscopic failure,and crack extension in CGBSs appeared in two modes:detour and pass through the ***σ_(p)and U_(d)firstly increase and then decrease with increasing D,and porosity shows the opposite ***ε_(1,p)andΔε_(v)are negatively correlated with D,and CGBS with D=2.150 has the maximum deformation parameters(ε_(1,p)=0.05079,Δε_(v)=0.01990)due to the frictional slip effect caused by coarse *** increasing D,the failure modes of CGBSs are sequentially manifested as oblique shear failure,"Y-shaped"shear failure,and conjugate shear failure.
Aerosol optical depth(AOD)and fine particulate matter with a diameter of less than or equal to 2.5μm(PM_(2.5))play crucial roles in air quality,human health,and climate ***,the complex correlation of AOD–PM_(2.5)and...
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Aerosol optical depth(AOD)and fine particulate matter with a diameter of less than or equal to 2.5μm(PM_(2.5))play crucial roles in air quality,human health,and climate ***,the complex correlation of AOD–PM_(2.5)and the limitations of existing algorithms pose a significant challenge in realizing the accurate joint retrieval of these two parameters at the same *** this point,a multi-task learning(MTL)model,which enables the joint retrieval of PM_(2.5)concentration and AOD,is proposed and applied on the top-of-the-atmosphere reflectance data gathered by the Fengyun-4A Advanced Geosynchronous Radiation Imager(FY-4A AGRI),and compared to that of two single-task learning models—namely,Random Forest(RF)and Deep Neural Network(DNN).Specifically,MTL achieves a coefficient of determination(R^(2))of 0.88 and a root-mean-square error(RMSE)of 0.10 in AOD *** comparison to RF,the R^(2)increases by 0.04,the RMSE decreases by 0.02,and the percentage of retrieval results falling within the expected error range(Within-EE)rises by 5.55%.The R^(2)and RMSE of PM_(2.5)retrieval by MTL are 0.84 and 13.76μg m~(-3)*** with RF,the R^(2)increases by 0.06,the RMSE decreases by 4.55μg m~(-3),and the Within-EE increases by 7.28%.Additionally,compared to DNN,MTL shows an increase of 0.01 in R^(2)and a decrease of 0.02 in RMSE in AOD retrieval,with a corresponding increase of 2.89%in *** PM_(2.5)retrieval,MTL exhibits an increase of 0.05 in R^(2),a decrease of 1.76μg m~(-3)in RMSE,and an increase of 6.83%in *** evaluation suggests that MTL is able to provide simultaneously improved AOD and PM_(2.5)retrievals,demonstrating a significant advantage in efficiently capturing the spatial distribution of PM_(2.5)concentration and AOD.
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