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Depression mechanism of sulfite ions on sphalerite and Pb^(2+)activated sphalerite in the flotation separation of galena from sphalerite

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第2期32卷 335-345页

作者： Feng Zhang Chenyang Zhang Linlin Wu Wei Sun Hongliang Zhang Jianhua Chen Yong Pei Songjiang Li Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Carbon emission reduction in Metal Resource Exploitation and Utilization Hunan International Joint Research Center for Efficient and Clean Utilization of Critical Metal Mineral ResourcesSchool of Minerals Processing and BioengineeringCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China State key laboratory of Mineral Processing Beijing General Research Institute of Mining&MetallurgyBeijing 100160China Hunan Provincial key laboratory of Micro&Nano Materials Interfaces Science College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China School of resources Environment and MaterialsGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Department of Chemistry Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105China China Railway Resource Group Co.Ltd Beijing 102300China

The depression mechanism of sulfite ions on sphalerite and Pb^(2+)activated sphalerite in the flotation separation of galena from sphalerite still lacked in-depth ***,the depression mechanism of sulfite ions on sphalerite and Pb^(2+)activated sphalerite in the flotation separation of galena from sphalerite was further systematically investigated with experiments and density functional theory(DFT)*** X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy(XPS)results,DFT calculation results,and frontier molecular orbital analysis indicated that sulfite ions were difficult to be adsorbed on sphalerite surface,suggesting that sulfite ions achieved depression effects on sphalerite through other non-adsorption ***,the oxygen content in the surface of sphalerite treated with sulfite ions in creased,which enhanced the hydrophilicity of the sphalerite and further increased the difference in hydrophilicity between sphalerite and ***,sulfite ions were chelated with lead ions to form PbSO_(3)in *** hydrophilic PbSO_(3)was more easily adsorbed on sphalerite than *** interaction between sulfite ions and lead ions could effectively inhibit the activation of *** addition the UV spectrum showed that after adding sulfite ions,the peak of perxanthate in the sphalerite treated xanthate solution was significantly stronger than that in the galena with xanthate solution,indicating that xanthate interacted more readily with sulfite ions and oxygen mo lecules within the sphalerite system,leading to the formation of ***,sulfite ions hardly depressed the flotation of ga lena and could promote the flotation of galena to some *** study deepened the understanding of the depression mechanism o sulfite ions on sphalerite and Pb^(2+)activated sphalerite.

关键词： sphalerite galena sulfite ion density functional theory depression mechanism

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Economic effect of China's carbon neutrality target under shared socioeconomic pathways

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 142-157页

作者： Zemiao LIU Xianjin HUANG Xinxian QI School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing University key laboratory of Carbon Neutrality and Territory Optimization Ministry of Natural Resources Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling Nanjing University

Economic feasibility is crucial for achieving the carbon neutrality target. However, current integrated assessments often underestimate the economic impacts of mitigation policies due to the lack of consideration of their economic benefits. This study integrates a warming-labour productivity model with a typical integrated assessment model using shared socioeconomic pathways. It simulates China's economic development and carbon emission levels under both baseline and carbon-neutral policy scenarios, evaluating the economic costs and benefits of emission reduction policies aimed at achieving carbon neutrality. These findings reveal the following:(1) The economic costs of emission reduction policies are projected to peak between 2050 and 2060, ranging from 0.41% to 9.37% of total GDP in the baseline scenario, primarily due to increased energy prices and R&D investments. These costs are expected to decline rapidly after 2070.(2) China's carbon-neutral policies will mitigate global warming, with the economic benefits of mitigation projected to reach 5.65% to 17.24% of China's total GDP by 2100.(3) Lowcarbon scenarios SSP1 and SSP4 could significantly reduce initial economic costs and advance the onset of net economic gains to 2060. This integrated assessment confirms that China's carbon neutrality target offers substantial net economic benefits in the long term. To minimize initial economic costs, efforts should focus on enhancing consumption-side transitions, upgrading lowcarbon technologies, and adopting new energy sources.

关键词： Climate change China Carbon neutrality Economic effects Policy

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Size analysis of slag eye formed by gas blowing in ladle refining

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2017年第3期24卷 243-250页

作者： Ning-ning Lv Liu-shun Wu Hai-chuan Wang Yuan-chi Dong Chang Su School of metallurgical Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan 243032 Anhui China key laboratory of metallurgical emission reduction & resources recycling Ministry of Education Ma' anshan 243002 AnhuiChina

The formation of slag eye in a gas stirred ladle was studied through cold models and industrial trials. In the cold model,water and sodium tungstate solution were employed to simulate liquid steel,and silicon oil was employed to simulate slag. The simulation results revealed that the gas flow rate and bath height had strong effects on the slag eye size. In particular,the thickness of slag layer played a strong role in the slag eye size. In addition,the slag eye could not be formed when the thickness of the top layer was more than 4 cm in water-silicone oil ***,the section area of vessel had a great impact on the slag eye size. Industrial trials results showed a similar trend that the gas flow rate was very significant on the slag eye size. The predictions of the existing models showed larger predictions deviations compared with the experimental data. Moreover,a new model without fitting parameters was developed based on force balance and mathematical derivation,and verified by the experimental data. The new model provides the prediction with small deviations by comparing with the data acquired from cold models and industrial trials.

关键词： Slag eye Cold model Industrial trial Gas blowing Ladle refining

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Detection of the assimilation characteristics of iron ores: Dynamic resistance measurements

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2020年第1期27卷 18-25页

作者： Li-xin Qian Tie-jun Chun Hong-ming Long Qing-min Meng School of metallurgical Engineering Anhui University of TechnologyMa’anshan 243002China key laboratory of metallurgical emission reduction&resources recycling Ministry of EducationAnhui University of TechnologyMa’anshan 243002China

Resistance in iron ore undergoes a sharp change of up to several orders of magnitude when the sintered solid phase changes to liquid *** view of the insufficiency of existing assimilation detection methods,a timing-of-assimilation reaction is proposed,which was judged by continuously detecting the changes in resistance at the reaction *** of pole position and additional amounts of iron ore on assimilation reaction timing were *** results showed that the suitable depth of pole groove was about 2 mm,and there was no obvious impact when the distance of the poles changed from 4 to 6 mm,or the amount of iron ore changed from 0.4 to 0.6 *** temperature of sudden change of resistance in the temperature-resistant image was considered to be the lowest assimilation temperature of iron *** accuracy of this resistance method was clarified by X-ray diffraction,optical microscope,and scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectrometer(SEM/EDS)analyses.

关键词： iron ore sintering assimilation characteristic resistance method interface

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Low-temperature oxidation behavior and mechanism of semi-dry desulfurization ash from iron ore sintering flue gas

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2021年第9期28卷 1075-1081页

作者： Yi-fan Wang Yu-dong Zhang Hong-ming Long Li-xin Qian Yun-fei Luo Ru-fei Wei School of metallurgical Engineering Anhui University of TechnologyMa'anshan 243032AnhuiChina key laboratory of metallurgical emission reduction and resources recycling(Anhui University of Technology) Ministry of EducationMa'anshan 243002AnhuiChina

The low-temperature wet oxidation behavior of semi-dry desulfurization ash from iron ore sintering flue gas in ammonium citrate solution was investigated for efficiently utilizing the low-quality desulfurization ash. The effects of the ammonium citrate concentration, oxidation temperature, solid/liquid ratio, and oxidation time on the wet oxidation behavior of desulfurization ash were studied. Simultaneously, the oxidation mechanism of desulfurization ash was revealed by means of X-ray diffraction, Zeta electric resistance, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Under the optimal conditions with ammonium citrate, the oxidation ratio of CaSO_(3) was up to the maximum value (98.49%), while that of CaSO_(3) was only 8.92% without ammonium citrate. Zeta electric resistance and XPS results indicate that the dissolution process of CaSO_(3) could be significantly promoted by complexation derived from the ammonium citrate hydrolysis. As a result, the oxidation process of CaSO_(3) was transformed from particle oxidation to SO_(3)^(2−) ion oxidation, realizing the rapid transformation of desulfurization ash from CaSO_(3) to CaSO_(4) at low temperature. It provides a reference for the application of semi-dry desulfurization ash and contributes to sustainable management for semi-dry desulfurization ash.

关键词： Semi-dry desulfurization ash Ammonium citrate Calcium sulfite Calcium sulfate Wet oxidation Sintering flue gas Low-temperature oxidation

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Effect of high Na2O addition on distribution of phosphorus in lowbasicity converter slag

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2019年第1期26卷 42-51页

作者： Chang Su Ning-ning Lv Jin-xing Yang Liu-shun Wu Hai-chuan Wang Yuan-chi Dong School of metallurgical Engineering Anhui University of TechnologyMa'anshan 243032AnhuiChina key laboratory of metallurgical emission reduction and resources recycling(Anhui University of Technology) Ministry of EducationMa'anshan 243002AnhuiChina

In order to improve the dephosphorization efficiency of low-basicity converter slag and decrease the consumption of solid CaO,the effect of high Na2O addition(0-15 mass%)on the distribution of P2O5 between solid solution and matrix phase was *** thermodynamic properties of slag samples were calculated by FactSage 7.0 ***,the dissolution behavior of phosphorus element from slag was *** results show that the mass fraction of 2CaO*SiO2-2CaO*Na2O*P2O5 solid solution increases when the Na2O content is increased in ***,the amount of formed solid solution changes little when the Na2O addition is more than 10 mass%.Moreover,the content of Na2O in solid solution would reach saturation when adding 15 mass%Na2O into the *** the increase in Na2O content in slag,the distribution ratio of P2O5 between solid solution and matrix phase *** values are evidently higher than the results reported in the ***,the activity of P2O5 in matrix phase and the activity coefficient of P2O5 in solid solution are decreased with increasing the Na2O content in ***,the dissolution ratio of phosphorus in citric acid solution could be improved by adding Na2O into slag,but the increment of dissolution ratio would decrease when the Na2O content exceeds 10 mass%in slag.

关键词： Na2O addition-Low-basicity converter slag Phosphorus distribution ratio Thermodynamic property Phosphorus dissolution behavior

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Determination method of high-temperature characteristics of iron-ore sintering based on n(Fe2O3)/n(CaO)

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2019年第12期26卷 1257-1264页

作者： Zheng-wei Yu Li-xin Qian Hong-ming Long Yi-fan Wang Qing-min Meng Tie-jun Chun School of metallurgical Engineering Anhui University of TechnologyMa’anshan 243002AnhuiChina key laboratory of metallurgical emission reduction and resources recycling(Anhui University of Technology) Ministry of EducationMa’anshan 243002AnhuiChina

The high-temperature characteristics of iron ores play important roles in optimizing ore proportion of sintering,which are tested by using iron-ore fines and analytical reagent CaO as raw *** calculation methods of CaO addition amount based on binary basicity(basicity method)and n(Fe2O3)/n(CaO)(mole ratio method),respectively,were employed to evaluate the liquid phase fluidity(LPF)and the capability of calcium ferrite formation(CCFF)of iron *** results show that the rule of LPF of iron ores under the mole ratio method is different from that with basicity *** LPF measured by basicity method has a linear positive correlation with the SiO2 content,and there is no linear relationship between LPF and Al2O3 content or mass loss on ignition,which are inconsistent with the results of the previous *** the results of CCFF with low SiO2 content(7 wt.%)based on basicity method cannot reflect the true *** mole ratio method could successfully solve this problem by reducing the effect of CaO addition amount changes caused by SiO2 content of iron ores.

关键词： Iron-ore sintering High-temperature characteristics Liquid phase fluidity Calcium ferrite CaO addition amount

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Leaching process of phosphorus and iron from steelmaking slag into malic acid solution

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2022年第6期29卷 951-960页

作者： Ning-ning Lv Chang Su Hui Kong Hai-chuan Wang Yuan-chi Dong key laboratory of metallurgical emission reduction and resources recycling Ministry of EducationAnhui University of TechnologyMa’anshan 243002AnhuiChina School of metallurgical Engineering Anhui University of TechnologyMa’anshan 243002AnhuiChina

In order to remove phosphorus element from steelmaking slag and decrease iron loss,malic acid was selected as the leaching agent to dissolve steelmaking ***,the influences of different factors,such as malic acid concentration,slag particle size,temperature,liquid/solid ratio and stirring speed,on the leaching ratios of phosphorus and iron were ***,the kinetics for the leaching process of phosphorus was *** results showed that the leaching ratios of phosphorus and iron increase significantly with increasing the malic acid solution concentration and liquid/solid *** the concentration of malic acid solution increases up to 0.01492 mol/L,about 80%phosphorus can be dissolved,and iron leaching ratio is less than 17%.In addition,decreasing slag particle size can obviously increase the leaching ratio of ***,temperature and stirring speed have no significant effect on the dissolution of phosphorus and *** leaching kinetics of phosphorus follows the unreacted shrinking core *** through product layer is the rate-limiting step of the leaching process,and the corresponding apparent activation energy is determined to be 3.32 kJ/***,a semi-empirical kinetic equation was established.

关键词： Leaching process Steelmaking slag Phosphorus Iron Malic acid solution

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Application status and comparison of dioxin removal technologies for iron ore sintering process

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2018年第4期25卷 357-365页

作者： Hong-ming Long Qi Shi Hong-liang Zhang Ru-fei Wei Tie-jun Chun Jia-xin Li key laboratory of metallurgical emission reduction & resources recycling Ministry of Education Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan 243002 Anhui China School of metallurgical Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan 243002 Anhui China

The emission of dioxins from the iron ore sintering process is the largest emission source of dioxins, and the reduction in dioxin emission from the iron ore sintering process to the environment is increasingly important. Three approaches to control the emission of dioxins were reviewed： source control, process control, and terminal control. Among them, two terminal control technologies, activated carbon adsorption and selective reduction technology, were discussed in detail. Following a comparison of the reduction technologies, the terminal control method was indicated as the key technology to achieve good control of dioxins during the sintering process. For the technical characteristics of the sintering process and flue gas, multiple methods should be collectively considered, and the most suitable method may be addition of inhibitors ＋ ultra-clean dust collection （electrostatic precipitation/bag filter）＋ desulphurization ＋ selective catalytic reduction to sufficiently remove multiple pollutants, which provides a direction for the cooperative disposal of flue gas pollutants in future.

关键词： Iron ore sintering process Dioxins Removal technology Activated carbon adsorption Selective catalyticreduction

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Effect of quaternary basicity on reduction behavior of iron-bearing dust pellets

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2023年第7期30卷 1356-1366页

作者： Tao Yang Jing-shu An Xing-wang Li Shuang Liu Xu Gao Lei Ma Jie Lei Hong-ming Long School of metallurgical Engineering Anhui University of TechnologyMa’anshan 243032AnhuiChina key laboratory of metallurgical emission reduction&resources recycling(Anhui University of Technology) Ministry of EducationMa’anshan 243002AnhuiChina

The treatment of iron-bearing dusts and sludges by the rotary hearth furnace process has the advantage of sufficient utilization of valuable metals and a high impurity removal rate,but the lower strength of the metallized product needs to be *** effects of quaternary basicity R4(w(CaO+MgO)/w(SiO_(2)+Al_(2)O_(3)))on the reduction behavior and physical and chemical properties of metallized pellets,including phase composition,compressive strength,microstructure and soft melting area,were investigated with FactSage thermodynamic software and *** strength of metallized pellets depended on the gangue composition,such as CaO,MgO,Al_(2)O_(3) and SiO_(2),due to the altered chemical composition,physical phase composition,microscopic morphology and stability of the slag *** reduction of carbon-bearing pellets was significantly promoted by suitable *** lower basicity(R_(4)1.8)also increased the amount of liquid phase and improved the strength of the pellets,due to the granular iron crystals bonded into ***,the main component of the liquid phase in high-basicity conditions was calcium *** the additional amount of liquid phase was beneficial to the strength of the metallized pellets,calcium disilicate was formed at R_(4)=1.6,resulting in a reduction in the compressive strength of the pellets to 1521.9 N/pellet.

关键词： metallurgical solid waste Iron-bearing dust Iron-bearing sludge Rotary hearth furnace Quaternary basicity Metallized pellet High-temperature performance Metallized pellet High-temperature performance

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