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Genomic Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Dominance of XBB Replacement — China, January–June 2023

China CDC weekly 2024年第15期6卷 324-331页

作者： Yenan Feng Qiudong Su Lili Li Xiaozhou He Peihua Niu Xiaojuan Guo Xiang Zhao Jing Tang Zhiyuan Jia Ji Wang Changcheng Wu Baicheng Xia Zhixiao Chen Yuchao Wu Jing Yang Songqi Chen Cao Chen Shiwen Wang Xiaoping Dong National key laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious diseases National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina NHC key laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral diseases National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

Introduction:In the first half of 2023,a global shift was observed towards the predominance of XBB *** faced a significant epidemic between late 2022 and early 2023 due to Omicron subvariants BA.5.2 and *** study aims to depict the evolving variant distribution among provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)in China and explore the factors driving the predominance of XBB ***:Sequences from local and imported coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cases recorded between January 1 and June 30,2023,were *** study analyzed the changing distribution of viral variants and assessed how the prior dominance of specific variants,XBB subvariants,and imported cases influenced the prevalence of the XBB replacement ***:A total of 56,486 sequences were obtained from local cases,and 8,669 sequences were from imported *** in April,there was a shift in the prevalence of XBB from imported to local cases,with varying dominance among *** PLADs previously high in BF.7,the rise of XBB was delayed.A positive correlation was found between XBB proportions in imported cases from January to March and local cases in *** distribution pattern of XBB subvariants differed between local and imported cases within the same *** significant differences were noted in the replacement rates of XBB ***:The timing of XBB dominance differed among various PLADs in China in the first half of 2023,correlating closely with the prevalence of XBB variants among imported cases.

关键词： dominance imported distribution

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Two Peaks of Seasonal Influenza Epidemics -China, 2023

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China CDC weekly 2024年第36期6卷 905-910页

作者： Yiran Xie Shuxia Lin Xiaoxu Zeng Jing Tang Yanhui Cheng Weijuan Huang Jiandong Li Dayan Wang National key laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious disease National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina.

Introduction:Influenza is a communicable respiratory disease that causes annual epidemics and occasional unpredictable *** study examines the occurrence of two unexpected influenza peaks within the year ***:Influenza-like illness(ILI)data were reported,and specimens of ILI were collected by designated surveillance *** cases were confirmed using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(rRT-PCR)testing conducted at national surveillance network *** data were then submitted to the Chinese Influenza Surveillance Information ***:From December 2022 to January 2023,influenza activity was minimal until a spring epidemic began in February,peaking in late *** outbreak spread from the north to the south,with A(H1N1)pdm09 being the predominant strain and A(H3N2)also circulating *** positivity rate in northern and southern provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)reached 60.0%(week 10)and 60.2%(week 13),respectively,before dropping to below 5%from May to ***,rates surged starting in week 41 in the south and week 44 in the north,peaking at 54.4%(week 50)and 44.0%(week 49),respectively,and remained high until the end of 2023.A(H3N2)became the prevailing strain,with a notable increase in B/Victoria lineage viruses from December,resulting in two peaks during the 2023 influenza ***:The pattern of the influenza epidemic shifted due to the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak and is gradually returning to its usual seasonal and intensity *** is,therefore,crucial to continuously strengthen influenza surveillance,enhance the influenza surveillance network,and lay the groundwork for advancing integrated surveillance of multiple pathogens in China.

关键词： prevailing surveillance Influenza

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Comparative Study on the Immunogenicity and Efficacy of Different Post-exposure Intramuscular Rabies Vaccination Regimens in China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期37卷 178-186页

作者： SONG Yun HE Ying LU Xue Xin ZHANG Xiao Mei JIANG XIAO Lin SONG Qing HUANG Xue Yong MA Hong Xia YU Peng Cheng ZHU Wu Yang Henan Provincial Center for disease control and prevention Infectious Disease Prevention and Control InstituteHenan Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease PathogensZhengzhou 450000HenanChina National Institute for Viral disease control and prevention China CDCKey Laboratory of BiosafetyNational Health CommissionBeijing 102206China Shandong Provincial Center for disease control and prevention Jinan 250014ShandongChina Qingdao Chengyang District Center for disease control and prevention Qingdao 266108ShandongChina

Objective This study aimed to compare the current Essen rabies post-exposure immunization schedule(0-3-7-14-28)in China and the simple 4-dose schedule(0-3-7-14)newly recommended by the World Health Organization in terms of their safety,efficacy,and *** Mice were vaccinated according to different immunization schedules,and blood was collected for detection of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies(RVNAs)on days 14,21,28,35,and 120after the first ***,different groups of mice were injected with lethal doses of the CVS-11 virus on day 0,subjected to different rabies immunization schedules,and assessed for morbidity and death *** a clinical trial,185 rabies-exposed individuals were selected for post-exposure vaccination according to the Essen schedule,and blood was collected for RVNAs detection on days 28and 42 after the first *** A statistically significant difference in RVNAs between mice in the Essen and 0-3-7-14 schedule groups was observed on the 35th day(P0.05)in RVNAs levels at any time *** post-exposure immune protective test showed that the survival rate of mice in the control group was 20%,whereas that in the immunization groups was 40%.In the clinical trial,the RVNAs positive conversion rates on days 28(14 days after 4 doses)and 42(14 days after 5 doses)were both 100%,and no significant difference in RVNAs levels was observed(P>0.05).Conclusion The simple 4-dose schedule can produce sufficient RVNAs levels,with no significant effect of a delayed fourth vaccine dose(14–28 d)on the immunization potential.

关键词： Rabies Post-exposure immunization Essen regimen RVNAs

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Emergence of Erythromycin-Resistant and Pertactin-and Filamentous Hemagglutinin-Deficient Bordetella pertussis Strains—Beijing,China,2022-2023

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China CDC weekly 2024年第20期6卷 437-441页

作者： Guilan Zhou Ying Li Hairui Wang Yuanyuan Wang Yuan Gao Juan Xu Fengshuang Wang Tao Peng Maojun Zhang Zhujun Shao National key laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious diseases National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Shunyi District Center for disease control and prevention BeijingChina

What is already known about this topic?Pertussis has reemerged as a significant public health threat,primarily due to variations in Bordetella pertussis strains,antimicrobial resistance,and vaccine *** is added by this report?All isolated strains were identified as ptxA1/ptxC2/ptxP3/prn150/fim2-1/fim3-1/fhaB1/tcfA2 type and exhibited resistance to erythromycin.

关键词： vaccine pertussis primarily

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The Epidemiological Characteristics of Mpox Cases-China,2023

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China CDC weekly 2024年第26期6卷 619-623页

作者： Ruiqi Ren Chao Li Wenqing Bai Yali Wang Dan Li Fan Ding Niu Yan Qi Wang Nijuan Xiang Lianmei Jin Lei Zhou Wenling Wang Fan Lyu Peilong Li Dapeng Zhang Yan Li Quanyi Wang Qun Li Guoqing Shi National key laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Chinese Center for disease control and prevention BeijingChina National Institute for Viral disease control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina National Center for AIDS/STD control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Guangdong Provincial Center for disease control and prevention Guangzhou CityGuangdong ProvinceChina Beijing Municipal Center for disease prevention and control BeijingChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?Since May 2022,a global outbreak of mpox has emerged in more than 100 non-endemic *** of December 2023,over 90,000 cases had been *** outbreak has predominantly affected men who have sex with men(MSM),with sexual contact identified as the principal mode of *** is added by this report?Since June 2023,China has faced an occurrence of mpox,predominantly affecting the MSM *** 90%of those affected reported engaging in homosexual behavior within 21 days prior to symptom onset,a trend that aligns with the global outbreak *** prompt identification of cases,diligent tracing of close contacts,and the implementation of appropriate management strategies have successfully mitigated the spread of mpox virus in *** are the implications for public health practice?We propose that mpox is transmitted locally within *** from our experiences in controlling the virus spread,it is crucial to investigate and formulate effective surveillance and educational ***,we must encourage high-risk populations to promptly seek medical care upon the onset of symptoms.

关键词： prompt Drawing spread

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Trends in Incidence of HIV and Syphilis Among Men Who Have Sex with Men—Tianjin Municipality,China,2013-2022

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China CDC weekly 2024年第27期6卷 651-657页

作者： Yan Guo Fangfang Chen Hui Gong Ziming Wu Xinying Zhang Tielin Ning Zhongquan Liu Jianyun Bai Long Li Jie Yang Fangning Zhao Jinyu Hou Maohe Yu Houlin Tang STD&AIDS control and prevention Section Tianjin Center for Disease Control and PreventionTianjinChina National key laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious diseases National Center for AIDS/STD Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina STD&AIDS control and prevention department Tianjin Hongqiao District Center for Disease Control and PreventionTianjinChina Tianjin Shenlan Public Health Counseling Service Center TianjinChina Tianjin key laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology of Infectious disease Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and PreventionTianjinChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?Given the common modes of transmission,outbreaks of both human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and syphilis are primarily observed in men who have sex with men(MSM).However,minimal research has been conducted to concurrently evaluate the rates and trends of HIV and syphilis incidence within this community in *** is added by this report?

关键词： Incidence primarily immunodeficiency

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Thirty Years of Experience of Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance for Polio — China, 1993–2022

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China CDC weekly 2024年第16期6卷 344-349页

作者： Hong Yang Ning Wen Chunxiang Fan Fuzhen Wang Yong Zhang Lei Cao Shuangli Zhu Lixin Hao Dongmei Yan Lei Wang Quanwei Song Miao Wang Yifan Song Chao Ma Zhijie An Lance ERodewald Huaqing Wang Zundong Yin National key laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious diseases(NITFID) BeijingChina National Immunization Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Institute for Viral disease control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

Introduction:Detecting poliovirus infections proves to be highly challenging due to their asymptomatic nature and infectious potential,highlighting the crucial importance of effective detection methods in the context of polio eradication *** many countries,including China,the primary approach for identifying polio outbreaks has been through acute flaccid paralysis(AFP)*** this study,we conducted an evaluation spanning three decades(1993–2022)to assess the effectiveness of AFP surveillance in ***:Data on all AFP cases identified since 1993 and national-level AFP surveillance system quality indicators aligned with the World Health Organization(WHO)standards were collected for *** quality indicators assess surveillance sensitivity,completeness,timeliness of detection notification,case investigation,and laboratory *** sensitivity is determined by the non-polio AFP(NPAFP)detection rate among children under 15 years of ***:Between 1993 and 2022,a total of 150,779 AFP cases were identified and *** this pool,surveillance identified 95 cases of wild poliovirus(WPV)and 24 cases due to vaccinederived *** 1995 onwards,the detection rate of NPAFP cases consistently adhered to the WHO and national standards of≥1 case per 100,000,falling between 1.38 and *** in 1997,all timeliness indicators consistently achieved the criteria of 80%,apart from the consistency in meeting standards set for the rate of positive specimens sent to the national ***:AFP surveillance has been instrumental in China’s accomplishment of maintaining a polio-free *** ongoing adherence to key performance indicators,ensuring sensitivity and prompt specimen collection,demonstrates that AFP surveillance is proficient in detecting poliovirus in *** we move into the post-eradication phase,AFP surveillance remains crucial for the sustained absence of polioviruses in the long term.

关键词： sustained prompt surveillance

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Characterization of whole genomes from recently emerging Mpox cases in several regions of China,2023

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 1079-1081页

作者： Changcheng Wu Lunbiao Cui Yang Pan Ziquan Lv Mingxiao Yao Wenling Wang Fei Ye Weibang Huo Li Zhao Baoying Huang Fengcai Zhu Roujian Lu Yao Deng Quanyi Wang Wenjie Tan NHC key laboratory of Biosafety National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China NHC key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology in Emerging Major Infectious DiseasesJiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjing 210009China Beijing Center for disease prevention and control Beijing 100013China Central laboratory Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and PreventionShenzhen 518055China Shandong Center for disease control and prevention Jinan 250014China

Dear Editor,Mpox(formerly known as monkeypox)is a zoonotic disease caused by infection with the monkeypox virus(MPXV).Mpox cases have been sporadic over the past few decades,with outbreaks occurring in only a limited ... 详细信息

关键词： cases primarily imported

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Novel berberine derivatives as adjuvants in the battle against Acinetobacter baumannii: A promising strategy for combating multi-drug resistance

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第10期35卷 334-340页

作者： Liping Zhao Xixi Guo Zhimeng Zhang Xi Lu Qingxuan Zeng Tianyun Fan Xintong Zhang Fenbei Chen Mengyi Xu Min Yuan Zhenjun Li Jiandong Jiang Jing Pang Xuefu You Yanxiang Wang Danqing Song Beijing key laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100050China State key laboratory for Infectious diseases prevention and control Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseaseNational Institute for Communicable Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China

The development of resistance against most of the available antibiotics has made Acinetobacter baumannii(***)a pathogen of high *** this study,thirty novel berberine derivatives are rationally designed,synthesized,and evaluated for their synergistic antibacterial activities against *** them,compound 2d shows the most potent synergetic effect to aztreonam against ***,including carbapenem-resistant and extended-spectrumβ-lactamases-producing ***,synergistic effects were observed for the combinations of 2d and different antibacterial used in clinical practices,indicating its potent broad-spectrum antibiotic-sensitizing effects against *** combination of 2d and aztreonam significantly improves the survival rates of *** larvae compared with aztreonam treatment *** studies indicate that 2d inhibits the drug efflux and iron acquisition of the bacteria by targeting the AdeB transporter protein,thus achieving a synergistic antimicrobial efficacy with different antibacterial ***,berberine derivatives represent a new family of antimicrobial adjuvants against ***,with the advantage of dual-function antibacterial effect,and are worthy of further investigation.

关键词： Acinetobacter baumannii Berberine derivatives Rational design Synergistic effect Eflux Ironacquisition

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Anti-OX40 Antibody Combined with HBc VLPs Delays Tumor Growth in a Mouse Colon Cancer Model

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期37卷 187-195页

作者： LIU Jia Jia SU Qiu Dong YI Yao SHEN Li Ping BI Sheng Li National Institute for Viral disease control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China

Objective Combination immunotherapy strategies targeting OX40,a co-stimulatory molecule that can enhance antitumor immunity by modulating the proliferation,differentiation,and effector function of tumor-infiltrating T cells,have attracted much attention for their excellent therapeutic *** this study,we aimed to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of combined anti-OX40 and hepatitis B core viruslike particles(HBc VLPs)therapy using a mouse colon cancer *** Humanized B-h OX40 mice were injected subcutaneously with MC38 colon tumor cells and treated with HBc VLPs+anti-h OX40 *** growth was *** cytometric analysis was performed to evaluate the populations of T cell subsets in the *** The combination of anti-OX40 with HBc VLPs resulted in a significant delay in tumor growth,suggesting that a potent antitumor immunity was induced by the combination *** studies revealed that HBc VLPs+anti-OX40 treatment induced a significant increase in effector T cells(Teffs)and a significant decrease in regulatory T cells(Tregs)in the tumor microenvironment(TME),which accounted for the synergistic antitumor effect of anti-OX40 in combination with HBc *** Combination therapy of anti-h OX40 and HBc VLPs provides synergistic antitumor activity in colon cancer-bearing mice,which may represent a potential design strategy for cancer immunotherapy.

关键词： Anti-OX40 antibody Hepatitis B core virus-like particles Tumor Combination therapy

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