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Mitogenomic phylogeny,biogeography,and cryptic divergence of the genus Silurus(Siluriformes:Siluridae)

Zoological Research 2024年第4期45卷 711-723页

作者： Weitao Chen Nicolas Hubert Yuefei Li Shuli Zhu Jun Wang Denggao Xiang Shang Gao Chunni Kou Jilong Wang Tai Wang Zhiqiang Liang Junjie Wu Xinhui Li Jie Li Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery SciencesGuangzhouGuangdong 510380China China key laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province GuangzhouGuangdong 510380China key laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangzhouGuangdong 510380China Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of National Fisheries Resources and Environment GuangzhouGuangdong 510380China Institut de Recherche pour le Développement MontpellierUMR 226 ISEM(UM-CNRS-IRD)France State key laboratory of Eco-hydraulic in Northwest arid Region of China Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’anShaanxi 710048China Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery SciencesHarbinHeilongjiang 150076China Gansu Fisheries Research Institute LanzhouGansu 730030China Hunan Fisheries Science Institute ChangshaHunan 410153China Yunnan Institute of Fishery Sciences Research KunmingYunnan 650111China

The genus Silurus,an important group of catfish,exhibits heterogeneous distribution in Eurasian freshwater *** group includes economically important and endangered species,thereby attracting considerable scientific *** this interest,the lack of a comprehensive phylogenetic framework impedes our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the extensive diversity found within this ***,we analyzed 89 newly sequenced and 20 previously published mitochondrial genomes(mitogenomes)from 13 morphological species to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships,biogeographic history,and species diversity of *** phylogenetic reconstructions identified eight clades,supported by both maximum-likelihood and Bayesian ***-based species delimitation analyses yielded multiple molecular operational taxonomic units(MOTUs)in several taxa,including the Silurus asotus complex(four MOTUs)and Silurus microdorsalis(two MOTUs),suggesting that species diversity is underestimated in the genus.A reconstructed time-calibrated tree of Silurus species provided an age estimate of the most recent common ancestor of approximately 37.61 million years ago(Ma),with divergences among clades within the genus occurring between 11.56 Ma and 29.44 Ma,and divergences among MOTUs within species occurring between 3.71 Ma and 11.56 *** reconstructions suggested that the ancestral area for the genus likely encompassed China and the Korean Peninsula,with multiple inferred dispersal events to Europe and Central and Western Asia between 21.78 Ma and 26.67 Ma and to Japan between 2.51 Ma and 18.42 *** factors such as the Eocene-Oligocene extinction event,onset and intensification of the monsoon system,and glacial cycles associated with sea-level fluctuations have likely played significant roles in shaping the evolutionary history of the genus Silurus.

关键词： Maximum likelihood Bayesian inferences Ancestral area estimation Cryptic diversity Dispersal pathways Mitogenomes Sea levels

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Responses of microbial activities and soil physical-chemical properties to the successional process of biological soil crusts in the Gurbantunggut Desert,Xinjiang

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Journal of arid land 2015年第1期7卷 101-109页

作者： BingChang ZHANG XiaoBing ZHOU YuanMing ZHANG key laboratory of biogeography and bioresources in arid land Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences

Biological soil crusts （BSCs） are capable of modifying nutrient availability to favor the establishment of biogeochemical cycles. Microbial activities serve as critical roles for both carbon and nutrient transformation in BSCs. However, little is known about microbial activities and physical-chemical properties of BSCs in the Gurbantunggut Desert, Xinjiang, China. In the present research, a sampling line with 1-m wide and 20-m long was set up in each of five typical interdune areas selected randomly in the Gurbantunggut Desert. Within each sampling line, samples of bare sand sheet, algal crusts, lichen crusts and moss crusts were randomly collected at the depth of 0-2 cm. Varia- tions of microalgal biomass, microbial biomass, enzyme activities and soil physical-chemical properties in different succession of BSCs were analyzed. The relationships between microalgal biomass, microbial biomass, enzymatic activities and soil physical-chemical properties were explored by stepwise regression. Our results indicate that micro- algal biomass, microbial biomass and most of enzyme activities increased as the BSCs developed and their highest values occurred in lichen or moss crusts. Except for total K, the contents of most soil nutrients （organic C, total N, total P, available N, available P and available K） were the lowest in the bare sand sheet and significantly increased with the BSCs development, reaching their highest values in moss crusts. However, pH values significantly decreased as the BSCs developed. Significant and positive correlations were observed between chlorophyll a and microbial biomass C. Total P and N were positively associated with chlorophyll a and microbial biomass C, whereas there was a significant and negative correlation between microbial biomass and available P. The growth of cyanobacteria and microorganism contributed C and N in the soil, which offered substrates for enzyme activities thus increasing enzyme activities. Probably, improvement in enzyme

关键词： chlorophyll a microbial biomass C soil enzyme physical-chemical properties biological soil crusts

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Characteristics of soil seed banks at different geomorphic positions within the longitudinal sand dunes of the Gurbantunggut Desert, China

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Journal of arid land 2017年第3期9卷 355-367页

作者： JIA Fengqin Tashpolat TIYIP WU Nan TIAN Changyan ZHANG Yuanming key laboratory of biogeography and bioresources in arid land Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences key laboratory of Oasis Ecology/Resources and Environment Department Xinjiang University Tourism College Urumqi Vocational University

Understanding the characteristics of soil seed banks in sand dunes is crucial to stabilize the dune systems and maintain the plant populations in deserts. In this study, we conducted a survey investigation in the field and a seed germination experiment in the laboratory to explore the characteristics of soil seed banks at various geomorphic positions of longitudinal sand dunes in the Gurbantunggut Desert, China. Totally, 17 plant species belonging to 17 genera and 9 families were identified in soil seed banks, and 35 plant species belonging to 34 genera and 17 families were identified in aboveground vegetation. Plant species richness in soil seed banks decreased with increasing soil depth. The highest species richness was presented in the upper slope of the windward slope and the lowest species richness was presented in the base of the windward slope. There was no significant difference in seed density of soil seed banks among the examined seven geomorphic positions. The highest seed density occurred in the lower slope of the leeward slope while the lowest occurred in the crest. Moreover, seed density decreased with increasing soil depth, being the highest in the upper soil layer （0-2 cm）. For both soil seed banks and aboveground vegetation, there was no significant difference in Simpson＇s diversity index among the seven geomorphic positions; however, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou＇s evenness index showed significant differences among the seven geomorphic positions. Those results showed that although there was no significant difference in seed density of soil seed banks among the seven geomorphic positions, the geomorphic positions significantly affected the species richness, diversity and distribution of soil seed banks. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of soil seed banks at different geomorphic positions of sand dunes is essential to vegetation restoration or reestablishment. Furthermore, the Jaccard＇s similarity coefficients of plant specie

关键词： soil seed banks geomorphic position seed density species diversity sand dunes Gurbantunggut Desert

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Elevational patterns of temperature and humidity in the middle Tianshan Mountain area in Central Asia

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第2期17卷 397-409页

作者： Gheyur GHEYRET Anwar MOHAMMAT TANG Zhi-yao Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface ProcessesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China key laboratory of biogeography and bioresources in arid land Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China

The vertical distribution of vegetation types along an elevational gradient in mountain areas largely depends on the elevational changes in air temperature and humidity. In this study, we presented the seasonal and diurnal variations in the elevational gradients of air temperature and humidity on the southern and northern slopes in the middle Tianshan Mountain Range using data collected throughout the year via HOBO data loggers. The measurements were conducted at 12 different elevations from 1548 to 3277 m from September 2004 to August 2005. The results showed that the annual mean air temperature decreased along the elevational gradients with temperature lapse rates of(0.71±0.20)°C/100 m and(0.59±0.05)°C/100 m on the northern and southern slopes, respectively. The annual mean absolute humidity significantly decreased with increasing elevation on the northern slope but showed no significant trend on the southern slope. The annual mean relative humidity did not show a significant trend on the northern slope but increased with increasing elevation on the southern slope. The mean air temperature lapse rate exhibited significant seasonal variation, which is steeper insummer and shallower in winter, and this value varied between 0.37°C/100 m and 0.75°C/100 m on the southern slope and between 0.30°C/100 m and 1.02°C/100 m on the northern slope. The mean absolute and relative humidity also exhibited significant seasonal variations on both slopes, with the maximum occurring in summer and the minimum occurring in winter or spring. The monthly diurnal range of air temperature on both slopes was higher in spring than in winter. The annual range of air temperature on the southern slope was higher than that on the northern slope. Our results suggest that significant spatiotemporal variations in humidity and temperature lapse rate are useful when analyzing the relationships between species range sizes and climate in mountain areas.

关键词： Temperature lapse rate Absolute humidity Relative humidity Annual range of temperature Diurnal range of temperature HOBO data loggers

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ThERF1 regulates its target genes via binding to a novel cis-acting element in response to salt stress

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2015年第10期57卷 838-847页

作者： Liuqiang Wang Chao Wang Liping Qin Wenjin Liu Yucheng Wang key laboratory of biogeography and Bioresource in arid land Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences State key laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University)

Ethylene responsive factors (ERFs) are plant-specific transcription factors that are involved in a variety of biological processes. We previously demonstrated that an ERF gene from Tamarix hispida, ThERF1, encodes a protein binding to GCC-box and DRE motifs and negatively modulates abiotic stress tolerance. In the present study, microarray analysis was performed to study the genes regulated by ThERF1 on a genomic scale. There were 154 and 307 genes (respectively representing 134 and 260 unique genes) significantly up- and downregulated by ThERF1 under salt stress conditions, respectively. A novel motif, named TTG, was identified to be recognized by ThERF1, which commonly presents in the promoters of ThERF1-targeted genes. The TTG motif is also bound by other ERFs of a different subfamily from T. hispida and Arabidopsis, indicating that it is commonly recognized by ERF proteins. The binding affinities of ERFs to the TTG motif are significantly induced by salt stress. The TTG motif is more enriched than the GCC-box and DRE motifs in the promoters of ThERF1-targeted genes. Taken together, these studies suggested that the TTG motif plays an important role in the gene expression regulated by ERFs in response to salt stress.

关键词： Abiotic stress ChIP ethylene response factor Tamarix hispida yeast one-hybrid

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Volume fractal dimension of soil particles and relationships with soil physical-chemical properties and plant species diversity in an alpine grassland under different disturbance degrees

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Journal of arid land 2013年第4期5卷 480-487页

作者： YanYan LIU YanMing GONG Xin WANG YuKun HU key laboratory of biogeography and Bioresource in arid land Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of Sciences Xinjiang Branch of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Fractal geometry is an important method in soil science,and many studies have used fractal theory to examine soil properties and the relationships with other eco-environmental ***,there have been few studies examining soil particle volume fractal dimension in alpine *** study the volume fractal dimension of soil particles （D） and its relationships with soil salt,soil nutrient and plant species diversity,we conducted an experiment on an alpine grassland under different disturbance degrees：non-disturbance （N0）,light disturbance （L）,moderate disturbance （M） and heavy disturbance （H）.The results showed that （1） Ds varied from 2.573 to 2.635 among the different disturbance degrees and increased with increasing degrees of disturbance.（2） Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Pielou＇s evenness index and Margalef richness index reached their highest values at the M degree,indicating that moderate disturbance is beneficial to the increase of plant species diversity.（3） In the L and M degrees,there was a significant positive correlation between D and clay content and a significant negative correlation between D and soil organic matter （SOM）.In the H degree,D was significantly and positively correlated with total salt （TS）.The results suggested that to a certain extent,D can be used to characterize the uniformity of soil texture in addition to soil fertility characteristics.（4） For the L degree,there was a significant negative correlation between D and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index; while for the M degree,there was a significant negative correlation between D and Pielou＇s evenness index.

关键词： alpine grassland disturbance degree volume fractal dimension of soil particles species diversity

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A cladistic scenario of Southern Pacific biogeographical history based on Nothofagus dispersal and vicariance analysis

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Journal of arid land 2011年第2期3卷 104-113页

作者： MingLi ZHANG key laboratory of biogeography and bioresources in arid land Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China

Nothofagus is regarded as a key group for interpreting Southern Pacific biogeographical *** on a molecular phylogenetic tree,a quantitative dispersal-vicariance analysis(DIVA) of the genus is *** results indicate that the ancestral area of Nothofagus is a broad realm almost including the total extant distribution pattern of the genus rather than a so-named center of *** with the paleogeography,the time of origin and subsequent diversification is inferred to have started in the Late *** vicariance and dispersal events should be contained in that *** events versus dispersal events play a dominant rule in *** dispersal events are hypothesized to happen from the Late Cretaceous to Eocene in terms of the geological *** fossils are collected in the *** America,comprising three subgenera of Nothofagus,should be considered as a diversification region,in which the distribution of the species of subgenus Fuscospora and subgenus Nothofagus are explained by dispersal events during the Late Cretaceous-Late Eocene.

关键词： Nothofagus Pacific biogeography distribution vicariance dispersal

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Impact of great gerbils(Rhombomys opimus) on desert plant communities

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Journal of arid land 2015年第6期7卷 852-859页

作者： XU Wenxuan LIU Wei YANG Weikang WANG Muyang XU Feng David BLANK key laboratory of biogeography and bioresources in arid lands Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Life Science and Technology Southwest University for Nationalities

Great gerbil（Rhombomys opimus） colonies, with bare soil and herbaceous plants, are conspicuous to the background environment throughout their range area. In order to quantify the engineer role of great gerbils, we investigated the plant communities of 20 active colonies in the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, China. In areas without disturbance, desert plant communities were dominated by the shrubs with low level species richness. In burrow areas and surrounding intermediate areas, which were disturbed by great gerbils, the shrubs were suppressed with the decrease of vegetation cover and aboveground biomass. As a result, ＂niche gaps＂ were created in disturbed areas and worked as a refuge for herbaceous annuals and perennials. So the existence of great gerbils increased the overall species richness of the desert. Furthermore, herbaceous annuals and perennials are the major food source for great gerbils in spring, indicating that great gerbils have a mutually beneficial relationship with herbaceous plants.

关键词： Rhombomys opimus ecosystem engineer species richness mutually beneficial relationship

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Genetic structure and historical demography of Malus sieversii in the Yili Valley and the western mountains of the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, China

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Journal of arid land 2015年第2期7卷 264-271页

作者： Hong Xiang ZHANG Ming Li ZHANG Li Na WANG key laboratory of biogeography and Bioresource in arid land Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Central China Normal University

Malus sieversii, a wild progenitor of domesticated apple, is distributed in western Xinjiang of China, eastern part of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan in Central Asia. To well understand the genetic structure and the his- torical demography of this important germplasm resource, we sampled 15 populations with 110 individuals of Malus sieversii from the Yili Valley and the western mountains of the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, and sequenced two nrDNA fragments for these 110 individuals. Meanwhile, we modeled and compared species distributions under the current and the Last Glacial Maximum climatic conditions. The results showed that populations of M. sieversfi from Xinjiang had low levels of genetic diversity and genetic differentiation. During the LGM period, populations of M. sieversfi had lost their northern distributions in the western mountains of the Junggar Basin. M. sieversfi has ex- perienced a demographic expansion from the south of the Yili Valley to the north of the western mountains of the Junggar Basin during the warm interglacial epochs. Due to the high sensibility of M. sieversii to disturbance, we proposed more attention should be paid to the M. sieversfi populations in the western mountains of the Junggar Basin.

关键词： Malus sieversii phylogeography LEAFY gene intron 1 species distribution modeling genetic diversity

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Precipitation and soil particle size co-determine spatial distribution of biological soil crusts in the Gurbantunggut Desert, China

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Journal of arid land 2018年第5期10卷 701-711页

作者： WU Lin ZHANG Yuanming Hubei University for Nationalities Enshi 445000 China key laboratory of biogeography and Bioresource in arid land Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China

Biological soil crusts （BSCs） are bio-sedimentary associations that play crucial ecological roles in arid and semi-arid regions. In the Gurbantunggut Desert of China, more than 27% of the land surface is characterized by a predominant cover of lichen-dominated BSCs that contribute to the stability of the desert. However, little is known about the major factors that limit the spatial distribution of BSCs at a macro scale. In this study, the cover of BSCs was investigated along a precipitation gradient from the margins to the center of the Gurbantunggut Desert. Environmental variables including precipitation, soil particle size, soil pH, electrical conductivity, soil organic carbon, total salt, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium were analyzed at a macro scale to determine their association with differing assemblages of BSCs （cyanobacteria crusts, lichen crusts and moss crusts） using constrained linear ordination redundancy analysis （RDA）. A model of BSCs distribution correlated with environmental variables that dominated the first two axes of the RDA was constructed to clearly demonstrate the succession stages of BSCs. The study determined that soil particle size （represented by coarse sand content） and precipitation are the most significant drivers influencing the spatial distribution of BSCs at a macro scale in the Gurbantunggut Desert. The cover of lichen and moss crusts increased with increasing precipitation, while the cover of cyanobacteria crusts decreased with increasing precipitation. The cover of lichen and moss crusts was negatively associated with coarse sand content, whereas the cover of cyanobacteria crusts was positively correlated with coarse sand content. These findings highlight the need for both the availability of soil moisture and a relatively stable of soil matrix, not only for the growth of BSCs but more importantly, for the regeneration and rehabilitation of disturbed BSC communities in arid and semi-arid lands. Thereby, this

关键词： biological soil crust distribution macro scale redundancy analysis (RDA) disturbance temperate desert

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