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Chemical weathering in Manas River Basin:Driven by sulfuric acid or carbonic acid?

Acta Geochimica 2025年第1期44卷 59-85页

作者： Jiaxin Zhang Bingqi Zhu key lab.ratory of water cycle and related land surface processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina

Carbonic acid produced by the dissolution of atmospheric and soil CO_(2)in water is usually the most dominant catalyst for chemical weathering,but a sulfuric aciddriven phenomenon,different from usual,was found in the orogenic belt watersheds dominated by silicate *** study,rooted in comprehensive field investigations in the Manas River Basin(MRB)north of the Tianshan Mountains,delves into the mechanisms and impacts of sulfuric and carbonic acid as catalysts driving diff erent types of chemical weathering in the Central Asian Orogenic *** analyses elucidate that carbonate weathering constitutes 52.4%of the total chemical weathering,while silicate and evaporite account for 18.6%and 25.3%,respectively,with anthropogenic activities and atmospheric precipitation having little eff *** estimated total chemical weathering rate in MRB is approximately 0.075×10^(6)mol/km^(2)/*** findings further suggest that,preceding carbonate precipitation(<10^(4)year),chemical weathering can absorb CO_(2).Subsequently,and following carbonate precipitation(10^(4)-10^(7)year),it will release CO_(2).The release significantly surpasses the global average CO_(2)consumption,contributing to a noteworthy climate *** study underscores the distinctive weathering mechanisms,wherein sulfuric acid emerges as the predominant *** quantity of sulfuric acid as a catalyst is approximately three times that of carbonic *** acid-driven carbonate rock weathering(SCW)is identified as the sole chemical weathering type with a net CO_(2)release eff *** CO_(2)release flux(5176 mol/km^(2)/year)is roughly 2.5 times the CO_(2)absorption by Ca-Mg silicate weathering,highlighting the pivotal role of chemical weathering in sourcing atmospheric CO_(2)over the timescales of carbonate precipitation and sulfate ***,this study posits that catalyst and transport limitations are the most plausible critical factors in *** interplay between s

关键词： Catchment chemical weathering Mid-latitude orogenic belt Sulﬁde oxidation Manas River Basin

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Impact of human activities on the long-term change and seasonal variability of Ebinur Lake,Northwest China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第2期68卷 473-486页

作者： Haoxin DENG Qiuhong TANG Zhidong ZHANG Xingcai LIU Gang ZHAO Shibo CUI Zhiping ZHANG Shuai SHAO Jianbao LIU Fahu CHEN key lab.ratory of water cycle and related land surface processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State key lab.ratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Department of Hydraulic EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Geography Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation(ALPHA) State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth SystemEnvironment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Inland lakes in arid Central Asia are particularly susceptible to the impact of climate change and human *** Lake,the largest salt inland lake in Xinjiang,Northwest China,has experienced rapid shrinkage,with human activities identified as the primary influencing ***,it remains unclear how human water use in different sectors,such as irrigation,husbandry,and industry,is responsible for the long-term change and seasonal variability of the lake area under changing *** study aims to address this knowledge gap by developing an integrated hydrological-socioeconomic-lake model that simulates the changes in the Ebinur Lake area during the period of 1950–*** simulated lake area changes under different model experiments were then compared with separate the impacts of climate change and human water use of different *** results indicate that climate change,irrigation,husbandry,and industry water uses have contributed+5%,-79%,-25%,and-1%of the long-term change in the lake area,*** climate change alone increasing the lake area,the increase in human water use has resulted in the persistent decline of Ebinur ***,husbandry water use emerges as a significant contributor to lake shrinkage,accounting for approximately one-third of the impact of ***,irrigation water use has contributed to the enhanced seasonal variability,as indicated by the difference between the maximum and minimum monthly lake area in a *** difference has increased from 120 km2in the 1950s to 183 km2in the 2010s.

关键词： Ebinur Lake Climate change Irrigation Seasonal variability Hydrological-socioeconomic-lake model

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Temporal Change of Runoff and Sediment Load and their Differential Response to Human Activities:A Case Study for a Well-vegetated Mountain watershed of Southern China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第1期11卷 73-85页

作者： ZHENG Ming-guo SUN Li-ying YAN Ming key lab.ratory of water cycle and related land surface processes Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academic of Sciences

This study examined the temporal trends of runoff and sediment load and their differential response to human activities in the Lishui river,a tributary of the Yangtze river in southern *** long-term observation data at four gauging stations,generally involving two periods from 1954 to 1985 and from 2007 to 2011,were *** detected no significant temporal trend for both the annual runoff volume(Q) and the annual suspended Sediment Load(SL) over more than 30 years before *** flow duration curves and the Suspended Sediment Concentration(SSC) also hold constant before *** with the period before 1985,SL has decreased by about 80% though Q remains unchanged for the period after *** examination shows that the flow duration curves after 2007 have changed with a significant decrease in the high-flow component,which acts as a major cause for the decreasing *** addition,SSC has decreased by several times,which also contributes to the decrease in SL after *** decreases in high-flow discharges and in SSC can be linked with recent human activities,mainly including vegetation establishment and dam *** constant Q and the decreasing SL are also reported for the main stream of the Yangtze River and other major rivers in southern China,although they are orders of magnitude larger than our study area in drainage area *** present study highlights the importance of high-flow discharges on SL and suggests that the use of SL is more appropriate to reflect environmental change than Q.

关键词： Runoff Sediment load Reservoirs Environmental change Afforestation Lishui River

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Impact of hillslope vegetation restoration on gully erosion induced sediment yield

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第2期49卷 176-192页

作者： CHEN Hao CAI Qiangguo key lab.ratory of water cycle and related land surface processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Facing the eco-environmental construction on the Loess Plateau, especially the vegeta-tion restoration in the semiarid areas, as well as the dam system engineering construction that is about to start, how can the vegetation restoration gain the optimum ecological benefits following the improvement of the preservation rates of trees and grass on the basis of guaranteeing water storage and silt trapping effects? What techniques should be taken to restore vegetation? These questions critical to environmental management on the Loess Plateau have to be settled urgently. According to the different macroscopic spatial distribution patterns of forest and grass on the Loess Plateau, this paper analyzes the macroscopic hillslope and gully management relationship in the middle Yellow River and weight of natural and human factors in erosion-induced sediment yield in the context of environmental background of the major silt producing areas. In light of the current status of the inte-grated management of small watersheds and soil and water conservation measure arrangement schemes of hillslopes and gullies on the Loess Plateau, this paper discusses the impact of vegetation restoration on gully erosion induced sediment yield and the effect of vegetation caused sediment re-duction. Studies indicate that there exists an erosional environmental background related to the natural and human activities in the sediment yield peak values of the sandy and coarse sandy areas in the middle Yellow River, sediment yield modulus is closely related to the synthetic effect of environ-mental elements, and the rainstorms, reclamation rate and forest coverage are the main factors af-fecting sediment yield modulus in the sandy and coarse sandy areas. The key to control soil erosion in the sandy and coarse sandy areas is the conversion of farmland into forestland and grassland, the reduction of reclamation rate and the increase of tree and grass vegetation. Small catchment man-agement should adhere to t

关键词： relationship between hillslope and gully erosion control, vegetation restoration, natural and human environmental element, Loess Plateau.

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Using LiDAR-DEM based rapid flood inundation modelling framework to map floodplain inundation extent and depth

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2020年第10期30卷 1649-1663页

作者： ZHANG Yongqiang key lab.ratory of water cycle and related land surface processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China

Mapping floods is important for policy makers to make timely decisions in regards to emergency responses and future *** is therefore crucial to develop a rapid inundation modelling framework to map flood *** study develops an airborne scanning laser altimetry(LiDAR)digital elevation model(DEM)based Rapid flood Inundation Modelling framework(LiDAR-RIM)for assessment of inundation extent,depth,volume and duration for flood *** modelling framework has been applied to the mid-Murrumbidgee region in the southeast Murray-Darling Basin,Australia for two flood events occurred in December 2010 and March *** inundation extents estimated using this methodology compared well to those obtained from two landsat ETM+images,demonstrating suitability and applicability of this *** testing possibility of larger area application,the framework also uses 30-m resolution shuttle radar topography mission(SRTM)-DEM to replace Li DAR-DEM for the same *** inundation extents obtained by using the SRTM-DEM are smaller than those obtained using the Li DAR-DEM,especially for large flood events.A possible reason is that the river cross sections obtained from the SRTM-DEM are not accurate enough for inundation *** Li DAR-RIM has an advantage for process modelling and scenario modelling under future climatic conditions.

关键词： inundation modelling DEM LiDAR floodplain hydraulic remote sensing

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The recent evolution of dune landforms and its environmental indications in the mid-latitude desert area(Hexi Corridor)

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第4期32卷 617-644页

作者： ZHU Bingqi key lab.ratory of water cycle and related land surface processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China

The history of dune landform changes and dust activity at mid-latitudes is a good archive for exploring environmental changes and related landscape *** this study,the dynamic changes,material sources,dust activity history and the influencing factors of typical sand dunes in the Hexi Corridor were comprehensively analyzed from the aspects of aeolian geomorphology,grain-size sedimentology,geochemistry and *** results show that in the past half century,the typical crescent-shaped dunes and chains of crescent-shaped dunes in the study area have moved or swayed greatly,with an average speed ranging from 0.8 m/a(Dunhuang)to 6.2 m/a(Minqin).The dynamic changes of sand dunes are mainly affected by annual precipitation,annual average wind speed and annual gale days,which indicates that climate is the primary influencing factor of dune landform *** three-stage grain-size curve model of dune sands is obviously different from that of gobi sediments(two-stage),revealing the“immaturity”of the latter in sedimentology,while the former has experienced efficiently aeolian differentiation and non-local *** comprehensive evidences of paleogeography,sedimentology and geochemistry reveal that the source materials of sand dunes are mainly alluvial/proluvial and palaeo-fluvial sediments,including clastic sediments in the denudation/erosion zones of the north and south *** such as the proportion of surface fine particles,the coverage of surface salt crusts,and the content of erodible sandy materials indicate that the western gobi areas are not the main source areas of wind-blown dust in the central and eastern parts of the Hexi *** spatial distribution of the movement direction of sand dunes is similar to that of the regional dominant wind direction,which indicates that the difference in the dynamic evolution of dune landforms between the east and west of the Hexi Corridor should be controlled by the regional-scale wind system,tha

关键词： dune landform Gobi landform grain size sedimentology elemental geochemistry global warming desertification mid-latitude deserts

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Quantitative Evaluation of Sustainable Development and Eco-Environmental Carrying Capacity in water-Deficient Regions:A Case Study in the Haihe River Basin,China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第1期13卷 195-206页

作者： WANG Zhong-gen LUO Yu-zhou ZHANG Ming-hua XIA Jun key lab.ratory of water cycle & related land surface processes/Institute of Geographical Science and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of land Air and Water ResourcesUniversity of California

Quantitative assessment of development sustainability could be a challenge to regional management and planning, especially for areas facing great risks of water shortage. surface-water decline and groundwater over-pumping have caused serious environmental problems and limited economic development in many regions all around the world. In this paper, a framework for quantitatively evaluating development sustainability was established with water-related eco-environmental carrying capacity （EECC） as the core measure. As a case study, the developed approach was applied to data of the Haihe River Basin, China, during 1998 through 2007. The overall sustainable development degree （SDD） is determined to be 0.39, suggesting that this rate of development is not sustainable. Results of scenario analysis revealed that overshoot, or resource over- exploitation, of the Basin＇s EECC is about 20% for both population and economy. Based on conditions in the study area in 2007, in order to achieve sustainable development, i.e., SDD〉0.70 in this study, the EECC could support a population of 108 million and gross domestic product （GDP） of 2.72 trillion CNY. The newly developed approach in quantifying ecoenvironmental carrying capacity is anticipated to facilitate sustainable development oriented resource management in waterdeficient areas.

关键词： eco-environmental carrying capacity development scenario Haihe River Basin sustainable development waterresources

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A Distributed Monthly water Balance Model for Analyzing Impacts of land Cover Change on Flow Regimes

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Pedosphere 2005年第6期15卷 761-767页

作者： XIA Jun WANG Gang-Sheng YE Ai-Zhong NIU Cun-Wen key lab. of water cycle ＆ related land surface processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 （China）. State key lab. of water Resources ＆ Hydropower Engineering Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 （China）

The Miyun Reservoir is the most important water source for Beijing Municipality, the capital of China with a population of more than 12 million. In recent decades, the inflow to the reservoir has shown a decreasing trend, which has seriously threatened water use in Beijing. In order to analyze the influents of land use and cover change (LUCC) upon inflow to Miyun Reservoir, terrain and land use information from remote sensing were utilized with a revised evapotranspiration estimation formula; a water loss model under conditions of human impacts was introduced; and a distributed monthly water balance model was established and applied to the Chaobai River Basin controlled by the Miyun Reservoir. The model simulation suggested that not only the impact of land cover change on evapotranspiration, but also the extra water loss caused by human activities, such as the water and soil conservation development projects should be considered. Although these development projects were of great benefit to human and ecological protection, they could reallocate water resources in time and space, and in a sense thereby influence the stream flow.

关键词： distributed monthly water balance model land use and cover change (LUCC) remote sensing scenario analysis

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Global change hydrology:Terrestrial water cycle and global change

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第3期63卷 459-462页

作者： Qiuhong TANG key lab.ratory of water cycle and related land surface processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

*** Global Change Hydrology(GCH)is an emerging interdisciplinary field that links global change research and *** integrates hydrology,climatology,and geography to study the interactions between the terrestrial water cycle and global change across various time and space *** main objective of GCH is to understand the natural and anthropogenic causes of the changing terrestrial water cycle and the associated influences and feedbacks in the Earth system.

关键词： hydrology terrestrial Global

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Measurements and estimation of flow velocity in mobile bed rills

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2023年第1期38卷 97-104页

作者： Yunyun Ban key lab.ratory of water cycle and related land surface processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences China Agricultural University

Rills are primary sediment sources and hillslope water/sediment runoff transport channels. water flow velocities in rills are easily affected by bed condition over eroding and non-eroding slopes, which is an important hydrodynamic process in soil erosion research. This research is done to demonstrate the poorly understood “feedback mechanism” related to slope independence of flow velocity to slope gradient. A series of experiments were done on silt loam soil slopes to measure water flow velocity in rills under nine unit width flow rates（q）(0.17 × 10-3, 0.33 × 10-3, 0.67 × 10-3, 1.33 × 10-3, 2.67 × 10-3,5.33 × 10-3, 10.67 × 10-3, 21.33 × 10-3, and 42.67 × 10-3m3/（s·m）) combined with four slope gradients（8.7%, 17.6%, 26.8%, and 36.4%）, in which mobile bed rills were monitored. For unit flow velocity under q ≤ 1.33 × 10-3m2/s, independence of flow velocity to slope was obtained. However, the results indicated that slope gradient combined with a higher unit flow rate contributed to better velocity prediction and fitted with a segmented equation well（R2= 0.95）. A feedback mechanism was able to verify that the increase in roughness directly dissipated flow energy to reduce flow velocity, but cannot completely counterbalances steep slope effect. The experimental results showed that erosion-caused morphological changes on soil slopes reduce flow velocity by half due to an increase in bed roughness. Therefore, the current experimental measurements considering a wide range of flow rate and slope gradient conditions is useful to reveal the steep slope effect in mobile bed rills. The analysis showed that, for the investigated conditions, the flow velocity is a slope gradient-and flow ratedependent parameter.

关键词： Flow velocity Flow rate Slope gradient Model fitting Slope morphology

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