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Two Ways of High-Energy Heavy Ion Interactions: Spallation and Burst

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World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 2015年第2期5卷 73-87页

作者： Reinhard Brandt Valery Ditlov Maria Haiduc Elena Firu Alina Tania Neagu Eberhard Ganssauge Reza Hashemi-Nezhad Wolfram Westmeier kernchemie FB Chemie Philipps-Universitat Marburg Marburg Germany Alikhanov Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics Moscow Russia Bucharest Institute of Space Sciences Bucharest Romania Fachbereich Physik Philipps-Universitat Marburg Marburg Germany School of Physics University of Sydney Sydney Australia Dr. Westmeier GmbH Ebsdorfergrund Germany

A new approach to solving the observation of enhanced neutron production in high-energy heavy ion induced reactions in thick targets is presented. Two different reaction mechanisms in these interactions are considered: 1) Limited fragmentation of the projectile, called SPALLATION;2) Complete nuclear fragmentation of the projectile fragment into individual relativistic hadrons only, referred to as “BURST”. The abundance of this second path increases with the charge and energy of the projectile and may be responsible for enhanced neutron production observed with radiochemical methods in 44 GeV 12C and 72 GeV 40Ar irradiations. Interactions of 72 GeV 22Ne in nuclear emulsions show that SPALLATION and BURST have strongly different interaction signatures, and also that the rate of BURSTS increases from (26 ± 3)% of all interactions in the 1st generation to (78 ± 6)% in the 2nd generation. Further experimental signatures of BURSTS will be described;however, no model based on physics concepts can be presented. This effect may have practical consequences for neutron safety considerations in the construction of advanced heavy ion accelerators.

关键词： Thick Target High Energy Projectile Unresolved Problems BURST

Comment on the Recent Start of a New “IUPAC-Project”

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World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 2018年第3期8卷 121-127页

作者： Reinhard Brandt Valery Ditlov Elena Firu Eberhard Ganssauge Maria Haiduc Reza Hashemi-Nezhad Alina Tania Neagu Wolfram Westmeier kernchemie FB Chemie Philipps-Universit&auml t marburg Marburg Germany Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics Moscow Russia Bucharest Institute of Space Science Bucharest Romania FB Physik Philipps-Universit&auml t marburg Marburg Germany School of Physics The University of Sydney Sydney Australia Dr. Westmeier GmbH Ebsdorfergrund Germany

The opening of a new IUPAC-project is highly appreciated. In the year 2009, the IUPAC had published an article “Discovery of the element with atomic number 112 (IUPAC Technical Report)” [1]* which contains a section on the work of the Marinov collaboration. It appears that this section is not always in agreement with conventional standards for scientific publications. This present comment focuses on these formal questions.

关键词： IUPAC Project 2017-014-2-200 eka-Hg Unresolved Problems

Further Studies of BURSTS and Spallation in High-Energy Heavy Ion Reactions

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World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 2017年第1期7卷 35-57页

作者： Reza Hashemi-Nezhad Reinhard Brandt Valery Ditlov Maria Haiduc Elena Firu Alina Tania Neagu Eberhard Ganssauge Wolfram Westmeier School of Physics University of Sydney Sydney Australia kernchemie FB Chemie Philipps Universit&#228 t marburg Marburg Germany Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics Moscow Russia Bucharest Institute of Space Science Bucharest Romania FB Physik Philipps Universit&#228 t marburg Marburg Germany Dr. Westmeier GmbH Ebsdorfergrund Germany

Aspects of BURSTS and Spallation reactions induced by high-energy heavy ions in thick targets (>10 cm thick) will be investigated: BURSTS are reviewed from a historical and phenomenological point-of-view. Details of interactions in nuclear emulsions will be compared for irradiations of 72 GeV 22Ne-ions from Dubna with irradiations of 72 GeV 40Ar-ions from Berkeley. Measured correlations in individual interactions between multiplicities of “minimum ionizing particles”, ns, and “black prongs”, nb, will be shown as “ns-vs.-nb” per event for BURSTS and separately for Spallation in interactions of 72 GeV 22Ne-ions. Monte Carlo calculations, based on the MCNPX 2.7 code, have been carried out for 72 GeV 22Ne interacting in nuclear emulsions: The correlation between ns and nb in Spallation reactions could be understood. However, “ns-vs.-nb” correlations from BURST-interactions could not be reproduced with this model for events with small numbers of heavy prongs nh ≤ 10. For large numbers of heavy prongs with nh > 10 one could find some agreement between experiments and calculations, however, not in all details. Further experimental and theoretical studies are necessary before one has a complete understanding of BURST interactions in high-energy heavy ion reactions.

关键词： High-Energy HI Reaction BURST Spallation MCNPX

Reexamination of the Claim of Marinov <i>et al.</i>on Discovery of Element 112

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World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 2018年第4期8卷 147-159页

作者： S. R. Hashemi-Nezhad Reinhard Brandt Wolfram Westmeier School of Physics University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia kernchemie FB Chemie Philipps Universit&auml t Marburg Germany Dr. Westmeier GmbH Ebsdorfergrund Germany

Marinov et al. have detected spontaneous fission events in sources separated from tungsten targets irradiated with 24 GeV protons. These fission events could not be attributed to actinides or to any other known isotope. Marinov et al. propose that fission events are due to production of element 112 (Eka-Hg) in the tungsten target. We have addressed Marinov’s claim with a new analysis of their data and modern theoretical model calculations of possible interactions. Using data available in the literature the spontaneous fission half-life of the Eka-Hg was estimated to be ~74 days. This is dramatically longer than the half-life obtained for 283112Cn, produced in the fusion of energetic 48Ca ions with 238U. Monte Carlo calculations show that enough Sr isotopes are produced in the tungsten target to make the production of element 112 via fusion of Sr and W feasible;however, if such fusion was possible it had to be deep sub-barrier fusion.

关键词： Element 112 Tungsten Target Spallation Products Heavy Ion Fusion

44GeV或18GeV ^(12)C离子轰击Cu靶或Pb靶时中子产额的研究

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核技术 1996年第10期19卷 622-624页

作者：郭士伦王玉兰涂彩清萨本豪郑玉明刘咏莲郑文芑扈秀华 Brandt R Vater P Kulakov B A Krivopustov M I Butsev V S Bradnova V 中国原子能科学研究院 kernchemie FB14University Marburg.D-35032.Marburg.Germany Joint Institute for Nuclear Research.Dubna Russia

用ＣＲ－３９迭层探测器测量了４４ＧｅＶ或１８ＧｅＶ１２Ｃ离子轰击Ｃｕ靶或Ｐｂ靶时中子产额与入射粒子能量以及靶核质量的关系。当入射能量由１８ＧｅＶ增至４４ＧｅＶ时，Ｃｕ靶的中子产额增大２．１２±０．１９倍，Ｐｂ靶的中子... 详细信息

用ＣＲ－３９迭层探测器测量了４４ＧｅＶ或１８ＧｅＶ１２Ｃ离子轰击Ｃｕ靶或Ｐｂ靶时中子产额与入射粒子能量以及靶核质量的关系。当入射能量由１８ＧｅＶ增至４４ＧｅＶ时，Ｃｕ靶的中子产额增大２．１２±０．１９倍，Ｐｂ靶的中子产额增大２．０４±０．１５倍。Ｐｂ靶和Ｃｕ靶中子产额之比在４４ＧｅＶ和１８ＧｅＶ分别为２．５４±０．２０和２．５６±０．２０。

关键词： ^(12)C离子中子产额人射能量关系靶质量关系

相对论重离子核反应产生的中子能量和通量的固体径迹测定

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核技术 1992年第4期15卷 222-224页

作者：郭士伦郝秀红王玉兰沈冠仁 R.Brandt P.Vater M.Heck H.Barth G.Haase 中国原子能科学研究院北京102413 kernchemie University of MarburgGermany

在苏联杜布纳联合核子研究所同步稳相加速器上用CR-39探测器测量了44GeV ^(12)C+Cu(厚靶)核反应产生的中子能量和通量。测量表明.这一核反应释放的中子的平均能量为15.8±2.8MeV,当入射重离子数目为6×10^(11)时,与^(12)C束成～70°方向... 详细信息

在苏联杜布纳联合核子研究所同步稳相加速器上用CR-39探测器测量了44GeV ^(12)C+Cu(厚靶)核反应产生的中子能量和通量。测量表明.这一核反应释放的中子的平均能量为15.8±2.8MeV,当入射重离子数目为6×10^(11)时,与^(12)C束成～70°方向,距靶～60cm处的中子积分通量为(4.5±0.3)×10~9cm^2。这一方法可用来测量相对论重离子核反应释放的中子的角分布和每个入射重离子或每次核反应可产生的中子平均数目。

关键词：重离子核反应中子能量中子通量

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核孔膜测定溶液浓度的原理、实验及应用前景

原子能科学技术 1992年第4期26卷 54-60页

作者：郭士伦王玉兰郝秀红樊中钧朱天成 H.A.Khan G.Hussain R.Brandt P.Vater 中国原子能科学研究院北京102413 PINSTECH.Islamabad Pakistan kernchemie Universitat marburg F.R.Germany

用实验证明,核孔膜可以用来测定溶液浓度,即测定溶液中溶质的含量。这一发展,为核孔膜在工业上广泛应用开辟了新的领域。本文对用核孔膜测定溶液浓度的原理、方法、精确度、适用范围和应用前景进行阐述。

关键词：核孔膜溶液浓度浓度测量

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PVDF核孔膜

PVDF核孔膜

22和44GeV12C+Cu核反应释放快中子的研究

第八届全国核物理会议

作者：赵崇德郭士伦 P．Vater R．Brandt 中国原子能科学研究院 kernchemie FB14 Philipps-Universitat MarburgGermany

科学技术的发展为膜技术在空气净化,液体超纯过滤以及低温技术等领域提供了越来越广泛的应用。由于核孔膜具有像孔形规列,孔径一致等其它膜不可替代的优点,它的应用与开发研究越来越引起科学家的重视。最近,我们开发研制成一种新型的 PV...

科学技术的发展为膜技术在空气净化,液体超纯过滤以及低温技术等领域提供了越来越广泛的应用。由于核孔膜具有像孔形规列,孔径一致等其它膜不可替代的优点,它的应用与开发研究越来越引起科学家的重视。最近,我们开发研制成一种新型的 PVDF 核孔膜。PVDF 是

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22和44GeV12C+Cu核反应释放快中子的研究