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Risk Assessment from Catchment to Consumers as Framed in Water Safety Plans: A Study from Maiduguri Water Treatment Plant, North East nigeria

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2019年第10期10卷 1373-1390页

作者： Mohammed Mustapha M. K. C. Sridhar A. o. Coker Ayotunde Ajayi Abubakar Suleiman Department of Agricultural and Environmental Resources Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Maiduguri Maiduguri Nigeria Departmentof Environmental Health Sciences Faculty of Public Health University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Technology University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria kelamide-o nigeria ltd Aderibigbe St. Off Halleluya Estate Osogbo Osun State Nigeria Maiduguri Water Treatment Plant Operations Department Maiduguri Nigeria.

Water safety plan as conceived by WHo can lead to prevention of pollution in each component of water supply chain which leads to ensuring safe drinking water. Risk assessment is one of the key components during the development of water safety plan, achieved by identifying hazardous events and estimating their risk towards implementing control measures. This study reports the risk assessment from catchment to consumers in Maiduguri water treatment plant in Northeast nigeria. Tools such as the field visits, key informant interviews, questionnaire and water quality monitoring were used to identify the hazards and estimate their risk using semi-quantitative matrix. With the existing control measures, the study showed a total of 33 hazardous events;5 in catchment, 16 in treatment plant, 6 in distribution system and 6 at consumers’ points. The risk score indicated 6 are of medium risk and 9 of high risk. Catchment activities, upgrade of treatment facilities and lack of routine maintenance in the treatment plant, pipeline damages in distribution lines, and consumers’ lack of hygiene knowledge and awareness were found to be the major contributory factors which affect the desired quality. Therefore participation and commitment by all relevant stakeholders are fundamental requisite to manage the identified health risks.

关键词： Water Safety Plan Hazard Identification Risk Assessment Maiduguri Water Treatment

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Thermodynamic study of the removal of heavy metal ions from heavy oils using tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide pentahydrate ionic liquid

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Petroleum Research 2022年第4期7卷 545-550页

作者： Festus M.Adebiyi Reuben o.Yoade Dangote oil Refinery Company ltd. 1Alfred Rewane RoadFalomoIkoyiLagosNigeria Department of Chemistry Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-IfeNigeria

This study investigated efficiency of tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide pentahydrate(TMAH)in removal of heavy metal ions from heavy oils obtained from nigerian oil sands by Soxhlet-extraction *** were removed from the heavy oils at variable temperatures using *** analysis was done using Atomic absorption spectrophotometry(AAS).Percentage recovery was≥92.85%,confirming reliability of *** metal concentrations followed order:Ni>Pb>Mn>Cu>Cr>*** of variance results showed that Fof null *** analysis result indicated three major inter-elemental clustering groups,indicating chemical affinity and/or similar sources,while T-test result indicated significant *** removal efficiency decreased with increased temperature,indicating exothermic *** parameter values were negative,confirming exothermic ***,negative△DS°values indicated decreased randomness at solid/liquid interface during the extraction.△DG°negative values indicated feasible and spontaneous ***,the distribution of metals in the analyzed heavy oils followed similar trend,due to similarity in their geological activity,source rock type,maturation and depositional *** parameters values showed the extraction process was exothermic,feasible and spontaneous thus,proving metal extraction using TMAH to be efficient.

关键词： AAS Heavy oil Metal Thermodynamics parameters TMAH

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Chemical speciation,bioavailability and risk assessment of potentially toxic metals in soils around petroleum product marketing company as environmental degradation indicators

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Petroleum Research 2022年第2期7卷 286-296页

作者： Festus M.Adebiyi Dayo A.Ayeni Dangote oil Refinery Company ltd. 1Alfred Rewane RoadFalomoIkoyiLagosNigeria Department of Chemistry Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-IfeNigeria

The study aims at investigating chemical speciation,bioavailability and risk assessment of some selected metals in soils around refined petroleum depot using the concentrations of the metals as variables to ascertain the impacts of the activities within the petroleum ***-soils(0e15 cm)were collected from within the premises of Pipelines and Product Marketing Company,Ibadan,nigeria,while control samples were collected at 200 m away from the study *** conductivity and pH were measured using a calibrated dual purpose meter,while elemental analysis was done using Atomic absorption spectroscopy analytical *** results showed that the soils exhibited low ecological risk;minor enrichment for Mn,moderately severe enrichment for Ni and Co,severe enrichment for Cr and extremely severe enrichment for Pb,Zn and *** was low contamination factor for Pb,Ni,Mn,Cr,Co,and Fe and moderate contamination by Zn and ***-accumulation index results indicated unpolluted with Ni,Mn,Cr,Co,and Fe,unpolluted to moderately polluted with Pb and Zn and moderately to strongly polluted with ***-element clustering results indicated chemical affinity and/or similar genetic origin among the *** analysis suggested that Fe,Co,Cr,Cd,and Ni occurred in the residual fraction;Pb,and Zn in the carbonate fraction,while Mn have its highest percentage in the Fe eMn oxides *** mobility and bioavailability showed that most of the metals are immobile and *** concluded that the oil-impacted soils were contaminated with most of the metals,but with low ecological risk.

关键词： Atomic absorption spectrometry Chemical speciation Metals Refined petroleum product Risk assessment Soil

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Sequence stratigraphic analysis and hydrocarbon prospectivity of AMo Field,deep offshore Niger Delta,nigeria

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Energy Geoscience 2022年第1期3卷 80-93页

作者： Adeniyi Amodu oluwaseye Peter oyetade Suyi Lawrence Fadiya oluwabamiwa Fowora Department of Geology Modibbo Adama UniversityYolaNigeria Department of Geology University of CalabarCalabarNigeria Department of Geology Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle IfeNigeria Conoil Producing Limited LagosNigeria

An integrated interpretation of processed 3D seismic data,a suite of well logs,biostratigraphic data and core photographs of AMo Field,deep offshore Niger Delta,is carried out for the sequence stratigraphic analysis of strata penetrated by *** and key stratigraphic surfaces,that is,the maximum flooding surfaces(MFSs)and sequence boundaries(SBs),are identified based on bioevents and log *** data help the delineation of MFSs and SBs,as well as dating,determination of depositional environment and *** sequence stratigraphic study reveals seven MFSs(of 13.0 Ma,11.0 Ma,9.5 Ma,7.4 Ma,5.8 Ma,5.0 Ma and 2.7 Ma)and six SBs(of 12.1 Ma,10.3 Ma,8.5 Ma,6.3 Ma,5.5 Ma and 4.2 Ma).The key stratigraphic surfaces identified involve three depositional sequences characterized by lowstand,transgressive and highstand system tracts *** studied section is deposited in a deepwater environment ranging from Lower to Upper Bathyal and can be dated back to the Middle Miocene-Middle Pliocene in *** faults and two horizons(corresponding to reservoir units)are identified and mapped across the seismic data volume to establish a continuity of the reservoir to areas lacking well *** established sequence stratigraphic framework displays successions of sediments(system tracts)where the reservoir sand units of the lowstand and highstand system tracts are of hydrocarbon prospective units in the field.

关键词： Sequence stratigraphy Bioevents Depositional environment AMo Field Niger Delta

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In vitro and in vivo cytochrome P450 3A enzyme inhibition by Aframomum melengueta and Dennettia tripetala extracts

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第6期10卷 645-650页

作者： Sunday o.Nduka Mathew J.okonta Daniel L.Ajaghaku Chinwe V.Ukwe Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwkaAnambra StateNigeria Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management University of NigeriaNsukkaEnugu StateNigeria Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwkaAnambra StateNigeria

objective: To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effects of two commonly used herbs, Aframomum melengueta(A. melengueta) and Dennettia tripetala(D. tripetala) on CYP 3A enzymes. Methods: In vitro inhibition of the enzymes were assessed with microsomes extracted from female albino rats using erythromycin-N-demethylation assay(EMND) method while their in vivo effects were measured by estimating simvastatin plasma concentrations in rats. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using non-compartmental anaysis as implemented in Win Nonlin pharmacokinetic program. Results: EMND assay with intestinal microsomes indicated that aqueous extracts of D. tripetala and A. melengueta significantly(P oth 50 μg and 100 μg concentrations. Petroleum ether extract of D. tripetala and ethanol extracts of A. melengueta inhibited intestinal CYP3 A activity at 100 μg but not at 50 μg concentrations. All the extracts showed an in vitrodose dependent CYP 3A inhibition with liver microsomes. In vivo analysis showed that pretreatment with the extracts enhanced systemic absorption of simvastatin with reductions in metabolizing enzymes activity as indicated in significant increases in maximal concentration, area under curve, area under moment curve and mean resident time of simvastatin(P onclusions: Herbal preparations containing these plants' extracts should be used with caution especially in patients on CYP450 3A substrate medications.

关键词： Cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP 3A Enzyme inhibition Herbal extracts

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Hepatic Morphometric Correlation with Biophysical Profiling of Height

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第7期12卷 194-206页

作者： Precious Belema Ibiabuo HMG Hospital ltd. Abonnema Nigeria

Introduction: Clinical assessment of hepatic span is usually subjective. And is based on the experience of the clinician. This is what has led to this study in using Biophysical profiling of Heights, Weights, and Body mass index to find the normal hepatic span of every individual. This study was conducted at HMG Hospital Limited, Abonnema in Rivers State in affiliation with the University of Port Harcourt. Methodology: The biophysical sampling method was instituted to select respondents. At the same time, a radiological formula was used to calculate the sample size, and subjects’ weight, height and hepatic span where measured while the BMI was calculated and the data was analyzed using python programming language for data science. Results: The data obtained were subjected to descriptive statistics and the Pearson correlation coefficient. P value greater than or equal to 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. The respondents were mainly aged 30 to 63 years. Conclusion: The null hypothesis was rejected;hence this research has stated the law known as Belema’s Law of hepatic-height correlation, which states that the hepatic span of an individual is directly proportional to the height of that individual except in disease conditions affecting the liver directly or indirectly.

关键词： Hepatic Span Height Body Mass Index Weight

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Assembly Line Balancing Using Fuzzy Logic: A Case Study of a Tricycle Assembly Line

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open Journal of optimization 2016年第2期5卷 59-70页

作者： Anthony I. Unuigbe Henry A. Unuigbe Eddy o. Aigboje Polycarp A. Ehizibue Department of Industrial and Production Engineering Ambrose Alli University Ekpoma Nigeria Lloyd’s Register EMEA (nigeria) ltd. Apapa Nigeria

The application of fuzzy logic in balancing a single model tricycle assembly line is presented in this study. MATLAB simulation software was used in the analysis of the primary and secondary data obtained from the assembly line under study. Results obtained from the study show that the efficiency of the line increased from 88.1% to 92.4%. The total idle time was also reduced by 56.5%. This indicates an improvement in the efficiency of the line, reduction of bottleneck, and even distribution of tasks along the line for the company under study.

关键词： Line Balancing Fuzzy Logic Efficiency Idle Time

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Effects of the Addition of Sawdust Ash and Iron ore Tailings on the Characteristics of Clay Soil

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Journal of Building Material Science 2021年第2期3卷 27-38页

作者： Elinwa Augustine Uchechukwu Mohammed Abdulrahaman Shehu Mohammed Ahmed Bafeto Civil Engineering Department Abubakar Tafawa Balewa UniversityBauchiBauchi StateNigeria C/o Engineering and Construction ltd AY1 Faskari Roadsabo GariTudun WadaKadunaKaduna StateNigeria Department of Civil Engineering Federal Polytechnic DamaturuYobe StateNigeria

An evaluation of the effects of additives and firing temperatures on clay bricks characteristics was *** two(2)additives used were sawdust ash(SDA)and iron ore tailing wastes(IoTW),and the five(5)firing temperatures of 400o C to 1200o C at intervals of 200o C were *** fired bricks were tested for linear shrinkage,water absorption,density,and compressive *** results of the investigations showed that firing temperature improved the clay brick characteristics across all replacement ***,the SDA additions increased the linear shrinkage and the water absorption but decreased the density and compressive *** the other hand,the addition of IoTW to the clay-SDA mixture,reduced both the linear shrinkage and water absorption of the clay bricks,and increased the density and compressive *** statistical values and the regression models derived on the experimental data using Minitab 18 Software were significant.

关键词： Additives Firing temperature Clay bricks Bricks characteristics Statistics Regression models

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Effect of Groundnut Shell Powder on the Mechanical Properties of Recycled Polyethylene and Its Biodegradability

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2016年第3期4卷 228-240页

作者： Mohammed Awwalu Usman Ibrahim Momohjimoh Abdulahi S. B. Gimba Department of Chemical Engineering University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria Department of Metallurgical Engineering Yaba College of Technology Lagos Nigeria Skilia Resources ltd. Abuja Nigeria

Natural fiber reinforced composites have gained considerable attention particularly in the manufacturing industry owing to their light weight, corrosion resistance, abundance, and biodegradability. In this work, alkaline treated and untreated groundnut shell powder (GSP) was used to reinforce recycled polyethylene to produce GSP-recycled polyethylene composites with improved mechanical properties and biodegradability. GSP with particle sizes of 0 - 300 μm and 300 - 600 μm was used in different proportions: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% wt. The fiber was immersed for 5 hours in a 10 wt% NaoH solution. Tensile and hardness test data showed an improvement in mechanical properties of the treated fiber composites. Results of water absorption test also showed that treated GSP-recycled polyethylene composites had a lower rate of water absorption than the untreated GSP-recycled polyethylene composites. Through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, disappearance of characteristics peaks of hemicellulose and lignin was observed. Growth of fungi on the fiber-reinforced composites was observed, which was evidence that GSP-recycled polyethylene composite was biodegradable. Finally, SEM micrographs showed uniform distribution of treated fibers in the polymer matrix;this explained the observed improvement in the mechanical properties of treated GSP-recycled polyethylene composites.

关键词： Groundnut Shell Powder Fibers Recycled Polyethylene Composites Mechanical Properties Biodegradability

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Bulk petroleum geochemistry of shales from the onshore Rio del Rey Basin,Cameroon

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Energy Geoscience 2022年第2期3卷 111-119页

作者： Christopher M.Agyingi Noel C.Tangko Emmanuel Eseme Department of Geology University of BueaCameroon P.O.Box 63BueaCameroon Activation Laboratories ltd AncasterONCanada

Petroleum production in the Rio del Rey Basin,which is an extension of the Niger Delta of nigeria into Cameroon,has been limited to the Tertiary offshore portion since the late *** to dedlining reserves in this offshore portion,the onshore Cretaceous portion of the basin attracted significant attention in the last *** the present *** from outcrops in the onshore portion of the basin were analyzed to evaluate their potential as source rocks,assess hydrocarbon generation,and highlight their signifcance for *** observations,total organic carbon(ToC)measure-ments,and Rock Eval pyrolysis were used to generate data for these ***-eval S2 values(0.42-3 mg HC/g rock)based on measured present-day ToC values(0.58-2.44 wtx)of the shales studied signify poor to fair source rock potentials,whereas calculated S2 values(1.74-8.19 mg HC/g rock)based on estimated original ToC values(0.67-2.87 wt%)produced fair to good source rocks containing Type Ⅱ/Ⅲ kerogen,which were transformed by maturity to the present-day Type Ⅲ/Ⅳ *** of the samples based on Tmax values varying between 439 and 471℃are equivalent to maturity values ranging between 0.74% R_(r) and 1.32% R_(r), and these represent the peak oil to condensate/wet gas zones of hy-drocarbon *** results demonstrate that mature source rocks are present in the onshore part of the Rio del Rey Basin,and thus,it is suitable for petroleum exploration.

关键词： Shale Rio del Rey Basin Total organic carbon Rock-eval Petroleum geochemistry Cameroon

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