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Skarn mineralogy and its geological significance for the Tayuan (Cu-Mo)-Pb-Zn deposit, northern Daxinganling metallogenic belt

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Acta Geochimica 2017年第1期36卷 89-101页

作者： Chao Li Tao Ren Jian-Guo Huang Run-Sheng Han He-Jun Yin Hong-Yang Zhou Zhi-Hong Feng Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China Yunnan Chihong Zinc & Germanium Limited Liability company Kunming 650000 China Daxinganling Yunye mining development Limited Liability company Jiagedaqi 165021 China

The Tayuan(Cu-Mo)-Pb-Zn deposit is located in the northern part of Daxinganling,NE *** ore body occurs in the skarn *** skarn minerals mainly include garnet,pyroxene,epidote and *** microprobe analysis shows that the end member of garnet is mainly andradite(Ad_(62-97)Gr_(11-45),the pyroxene is mainly diopside,and epidote is mainly *** characteristics indicate that the Tayuan polymetallic skarn deposit is mainly calcareous *** the content zonation can be observed in *** one garnet crystal,content is shifty from the core to the *** general,the iron content in the core is higher than in the *** content in the garnet shows that the garnet in the Tayuan deposit formed from weak oxidation in alkaline environment with the oxygen fugacity increasing,suggesting that the hydrothermal fluid evolved from an acidic to a slight alkaline *** the Tayuan polymetallic deposit,the ratio of Mn/Fe in pyroxene is about 1.3,and of Mg/Fe,it is about *** components of garnet in the Tayuan deposit plot in the field of the typical skarn Zn,Cu,Mo deposits in the world.

关键词： Skarn minerals (Cu Mo) Pb Zn deposit Physical chemical condition Tayuan

Void fill and support techniques to stabilize drift excavated through a transition zone mined by a TBM at the Stillwater mine

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International Journal of mining Science and Technology 2017年第1期27卷 71-76页

作者： Johnson Josh Jacobs Curt Ferster Mark Tadolini Stephen Stillwater mining company NyeMT 59061USA Minova GeorgetownKYUSA

Stillwater mining company is the only U.S. producer of platinum group metals （PGMs） and the largest producer outside of South Afiica and Russia. The company controls a considerable portion of the J-M reef and is currently developing the ＂Blitz Project,＂ which will provide a main haulage level, ore pass systems, backfill plants, and fiow-through ventilation to increase production and ensure sustainable extraction of this critical strategic mineral. While driving two sub-parallel footwall laterals 8125 m in length, one of the development drifts experienced a massive fall in a geologically disturbed area created by a mafic dike intrusion. Combinations of a void fill material （Tekseal）, polyurethane injection, fore poling coupled with steel arches, and supplemental bolting allow safe and efficient advance through this geologically dis- turbed zone. This paper presents the details of this project.

关键词： TBM Ground Dike Cutterhead

Analysis of working behavior of Jinping-I Arch Dam during initial impoundment

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Water Science and Engineering 2016年第3期9卷 240-248页

作者： Shi-yong Wu Wei Cao Jiang Zheng Yalong River Hydropower development company Ltd.

To study the stress, deformation, and seepage pressure during the initial impoundment of the Jinping-I Arch Dam, monitoring analysis and numerical calculation were used in a dam behavior analysis that focused on the working behavior of the dam during the late period of the initial impoundment up to the end of November 2014. The numerical calculation was performed based on feedback analysis of the deformation and stress of the arch dam through inversion of the elastic moduli(E) of the dam body and foundation, using a three-dimensional finite element model for the linear elastic material of the arch dam. The main monitoring indices presented insignificant changes in the late period of the initial impoundment, and the results of feedback analysis were consistent with monitoring results. Analysis results also show that the deformations of the dam body and dam foundation were within the design range; the dam stress distributions were normal, with values lower than the design control criteria; and the seepage flows through the dam body and dam foundation were lower than the design drainage capacity of the deep-well pump house, demonstrating that the Jinping-I Arch Dam was in good working condition, and the initial impoundment had been successfully completed. The results of the working behavior analysis of the Jinping-I hydropower project during the initial impoundment can provide references for safe operation of similar projects.

关键词： Dam safety monitoring Working behavior Elastic modulus Dam impoundment Jinping-I hydropower project

Petrology,Geochemistry,and Sr-Nd-S Isotopic Compositions of the Ore-Hosting Biotite Monzodiorite in the Luanjiahe Gold Deposit,Jiaodong Peninsula,China

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Journal of Earth Science 2021年第1期32卷 51-67页

作者： Xiaofeng Yao Zhizhong Cheng Zezhong Du Zhenshan Pang Yuquan Yang Kun Liu development and Research Center China Geological SurveyBeijing 100037China Shandong Zhaojin Group Yantai 265400China Shandong Land and mining Group company Jinan 250013China

The Jiaodong Peninsula is one of the most important Au ore provinces in *** is an ongoing debate on the correlation between ore formation and magmatism in this province,because few intrusive rocks exhibit a clear association with ore deposits.A mineralized biotite monzodiorite(BM)stock,with disseminated ore,pervasive phyllic alteration,and no deformation,was found in a borehole in the footwall of the Zhaoping fault within the Luanjiahe Au deposit,which may shed light on this *** biotite monzodiorite contains explosion breccias,miarolitic cavities,skeletal and den-dritic quartz,and late-stage evolved aplite dikes,and the in-situδ34S values of the disseminated pyrite which is associated with Au mineralization are-1.7‰ to 7.3‰(mean=3.5‰),indicative of a magmatic-hydrothermal *** findings,combined with the reported age of 123 Ma,show that the intru-sion has close spatial,temporal,and geochemical relationships with Au mineralization in the *** biotite monzodiorite is metaluminous,high-K calc-alkaline and shoshonitic,with enrichment in light rare earth elements(REEs)and large-ion lithophile elements(LILEs),depletion in high-field-strength elements(HFSEs),and enriched Sr-Nd isotopic *** intrusion may be the product of par-tial melting of enriched lithospheric mantle with a small lower crustal *** hydrous,Au-bearing,enriched mantle source,and the strongly oxidized magma that was generated,created fa-vorable conditions for Au mineralization.

关键词： Jiaodong Peninsula Luanjiahe deposit intrusion-related gold deposit magmatic-hydrothermal transition

Laboratory investigation of coal sample permeability under the coupled effect of temperature and stress

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2022年第4期16卷 963-974页

作者： Yina YU Zhaoping MENG Jiangjiang LI Yixin LU Caixia GAO College of Geosciences and Surveying Engineering China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Coal and CBM Co-mining Jincheng 048000China Exploration and development Research Institute PetroChina Huabei Oilfield CompanyRenqiu 062552China

The stress and temperature sensitivities of coal reservoirs are critical geological factors affectingcoalbed methane(CBM)well exploitation;in particular it is important to reduce or eliminate their influence on coal reservoir *** investigate coal permeability behavior at various effective stresses and temperatures,CH4 permeability tests were conducted on raw coal samples under a varying effective stress of 2.0-8.0 MPa under five different temperatures(25℃-65℃)in the *** results show that the permeability of the coal samples exponentially decreases with increasing effective stress or temperature,which indicates obvious stress and temperature *** a dimension-less treatment of coal permeability,effective stress,and temperature,a new stress sensitivity index S and tempera-ture index ST are proposed to evaluate coal stress and temperature sensitivity evaluation *** new parameters exhibit integrality and uniqueness,and,in combination with stress sensitivity coefficient αk,tempe-rature sensitivity coefficient αT,and the permeability damage rate PDR,the sensitivities of coal permeability to stress and temperature are *** results indicate that coal sample stress sensitivity decreases with increasing effective stress,while it first decreases and then increases with increasing ***,coal sample temperature sensitivity shows a downward trend when temperature increases and fluctuates when effective stress ***,a coupled coal permeability model considering the impacts of effective stress and temperature is established,and the main factors affecting coal reservoir permeability and their control mechanism are *** results can provide some theoretical guidance for the further development of deep CBM.

关键词： deep coal reservoir permeability variation stress sensitivity temperature sensitivity

Optimizing and slope determination of final wall for Maiduk Mine with consideration of destabilizer factors

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International Journal of mining Science and Technology 2016年第3期26卷 501-509页

作者： Shamsoddin Saeed Masoud Maarefvand Parviz Yaaghubi Ebrahim Geotechnical Engineer Mahyar Haffar Karmania Company Department mining & Metallurgy Amirkabir University of Technology

In this research, determination of final slope for Maiduk copper mine of Kerman is investigated according to destabilizing factors of the mine. The development of the Maiduk Mine caused the extension of the mine area and also withdrawal of its wall. So, optimizing possibility of mine slope is essential. Finally,the magnitude of optimized slopes for different walls of the mine in association with executive commands with better factors of safety is provided. The results show that the most important destabilizer factors are the presence of water and pore pressure in the faults and the main joints. With the omission of pore pressure, mine wall for the designed depth is quite stable. This requires a drainage pattern in the lifetime of the mine. In an optimistic point of view, the minimum factor of safety of the wall will be 2.81 even without drainage. This conclusion allows optimizing the slope to its maximum magnitude of 51 degree. With the pessimistic engineering judgment and with the higher SF, the magnitude of the slope is optimized to 47 degree.

关键词： Optimizing Destabilizer factors Final slope Maiduk copper mine

Stability of coal pillar in gob-side entry driving under unstable overlying strata and its coupling support control technique

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International Journal of mining Science and Technology 2013年第2期23卷 204-210页

作者： Yuan Zhang Zhijun Wan Fuchen Li Changbing Zhou Bo Zhang Feng Guo Chengtan Zhu School of Mines Key Laboratory of Deep Coal Resource Mining Ministry of Education China University of Mining & Technology Baodian Coal Mine Yanzhou Coal Mining Company Limited

Considering the situation that it is difficult to control the stability of narrow coal pillar in gob-side entry driving under unstable overlying strata, the finite difference numerical simulation method was adopted to analyze the inner stress distribution and its evolution regularity, as well as the deformation characteristics of narrow coal pillar in gob-side entry driving, in the whole process from entry driving of last working face to the present working face mining. A new method of narrow coal pillar control based on the triune coupling support technique (TCST), which includes that high-strength prestressed thread steel bolt is used to strain the coal on the goaf side, and that short bolt to control the integrity of global displacement zone in coal pillar on the entry side, and that long grouting cable to fix anchor point to constrain the bed separation between global displacement zone and fixed zone, is thereby generated and applied to the field production. The result indicates that after entry excavating along the gob under unstable overlying strata, the supporting structure left on the gob side of narrow coal pillar is basically invalid to maintain the coal-pillar stability, and the large deformation of the pillar on the gob side is evident. Except for the significant dynamic pressure appearing in the coal mining of last working face and overlying strata stabilizing process, the stress variation inside the coal pillar in other stages are rather steady, however, the stress expansion is obvious and the coal pillar continues to deform. Once the gob-side entry driving is completed, a global displacement zone on the entry side appears in the shallow part of the pillar, whereas, a relatively steady fixed zone staying almost still in gob-side entry driving and present working face mining is found in the deep part of the pillar. The application of TCST can not only avoid the failure of pillar supporting structure, but exert the supporting capacity of the bolting stru

关键词： Gob-side entry driving Unstable surrounding rock Coal pillar stability Surrounding rock control Coupling support

Heavy Oil and Oil Sands:Global Distribution and Resource Assessment

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2019年第1期93卷 199-212页

作者： LIU Zuodong WANG Hongjun Graham BLACKBOURN MA Feng HE Zhengjun WEN Zhixing WANG Zhaoming YANG Zi LUAN Tiansi WU Zhenzhen PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & development Blackbourn Geoconsulting company

Global recoverable resources of heavy oil and oil sands have been assessed by CNPC using a geology-based assessment method combined with the traditional volumetric method, spatial interpolation method, parametric-probability method etc. The most favourable areas for exploration have been selected in accordance with a comprehensive scoring system. The results show:(1) For geological resources, CNPC estimate 991.18 billion tonnes of heavy oil and 501.26 billion tonnes of oil sands globally, of which technically recoverable resources of heavy oil and oil sands comprise 126.74 billion tonnes and 64.13 billion tonnes respectively. More than 80% of the resources occur within Tertiary and Cretaceous reservoirs distributed across 69 heavy oil basins and 32 oil sands basins. 99% of recoverable resources of heavy oil and oil sands occur within foreland basins, passive continental-margin basins and cratonic basins.(2) Since residual hydrocarbon resources remain following large-scale hydrocarbon migration and destruction, heavy oil and oil sands are characterized most commonly by late hydrocarbon accumulation, the same basin types and source-reservoir conditions as for conventional hydrocarbon resources, shallow burial depth and stratabound reservoirs.(3) Three accumulation models are recognised, depending on basin type: degradation along slope; destruction by uplift; and migration along faults.(4) In addition to mature exploration regions such as Canada and Venezuela, the Volga-Ural Basin and the Pre-Caspian Basin are less well-explored and have good potential for oil-sand discoveries, and it is predicted that the Middle East will be an important region for heavy oil development.

关键词： heavy oil oil sands residual hydrocarbons global resource assessment

Genesis of the high gamma sandstone of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin,China

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Petroleum Science 2013年第1期10卷 50-54页

作者： Liu Huaqing Li Xiangbo Liao Jianbo Liu Xianyang Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and development-Northwest Research Institute of Exploration and development Changqing Oilfield Company

Recently, more attention has been paid on the high gamma sandstone reservoirs of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, China. These high gamma sandstones have logging characteristics different from conventional sandstones, which influences the identification of sandstone reservoirs. Zhang et al （2010） proposed that the high gamma sandstones of the Yanchang Formation might be the result of re-deposition of homochronous sedimentary tufts or previous tufts as a part of the sandstone. However, we present a different viewpoint： 1） few tufts or tuff debris have been found in the high gamma sandstones of the Yanchang Formation; 2） high gamma （or high Th content） sandstones of Yanchang Formation are not related to either clay minerals or feldspar; 3） the heavy minerals in the sandstone reservoirs of the Yanchang Formation are dominated by zircon, which is characterized by abnormally high Th and U contents, up to 2,163 ppm and 1,362 ppm, respectively. This is sufficient to explain the high gamma anomaly. The conclusion is that the high gamma value of the Yanchang Formation sandstones might be caused by zircon with high Th and U contents in sandstones rather than from the tuff components.

关键词： High gamma sandstones reservoir zircon Yanchang Formation Ordos Basin