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Time delay of the appearance of a new strain can affect vaccination behavior and disease dynamics:An evolutionary explanation

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2023年第3期8卷 656-671页

作者： Md.Mamun-Ur-Rashid Khan Md.Rajib Arefin Jun Tanimoto Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu UniversityKasuga-koenKasuga-shiFukuoka816-8580Japan Faculty of Engineering Sciences Kyushu UniversityKasuga-koenKasuga-shiFukuoka816-8580Japan Department of Mathematics University of DhakaDhaka1000Bangladesh

The emergence of a novel strain during a pandemic,like the current COVID-19,is a major concern to the healthcare system.The most effective strategy to control this type of pandemic is vaccination.Many previous studies suggest that the existing vaccine may not be fully effective against the new strain.Additionally,the new strain's late arrival has a significant impact on the disease dynamics and vaccine coverage.Focusing on these issues,this study presents a two-strain epidemic model in which the new strain appears with a time delay.We considered two vaccination provisions,namely preinfection and post-infection vaccinations,which are governed by human behavioral dynamics.In such a framework,individuals have the option to commit vaccination before being infected with the first strain.Additionally,people who forgo vaccination and become infected with the first train have the chance to be vaccinated(after recovery)in an attempt to avoid infection from the second strain.However,a second strain can infect vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals.People may have additional opportunities to be vaccinated and to protect themselves from the second strain due to the time delay.Considering the cost of the vaccine,the severity of the new strain,and the vaccine's effectiveness,our results indicated that delaying the second strain decreases the peak size of the infected individuals.Finally,by estimating the social efficiency deficit,we discovered that the social dilemma for receiving immunization decreases with the delay in the arrival of the second strain.

关键词： Vaccination Behavior dynamics Two-strain epidemic Time delay Social efficiency deficit

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Initial testing of ohmic heating through double flux swing during electron cyclotron start-up in the QUEST spherical tokamak

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Plasma Science and Technology 2023年第5期25卷 31-36页

作者：张逸凡 Takumi ONCHI Kazuo NAKAMURA 岳其霖 Takahiro NAGATA Shoji KAWASAKI Kengoh KURODA Makoto HASEGAWA Ryuya IKEZOE Takeshi IDO Kazuaki HANADA Hiroshi IDEI Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu UniversityKasuga 816-8580Japan Research Institute for Applied Mechanics Kyushu UniversityKasuga 816-8580Japan

A power-supply system was developed for Ohmic heating(OH)to double×10^(18)the amount of change magnetic flux in the primary central solenoid(CS)on the QUEST spherical tokamak.Two power supplies are connected with stacks of insulated-gate bipolar transistors,and sequentially operated to generate positive and negative CS currents.This bipolar power-supply system is controlled via a field-programmable gate array,which guarantees the safety of the entire system operation.The new OH system,assisted by electron cyclotron heating,enables the stable generation of plasma currents exceeding 100 k A.Moreover,the achieved electron density over the wide range in the major radial direction exceeds the cut-off density for one of the highpower microwave sources in QUEST.This strategy yields target plasmas for future experiments with the electron Bernstein wave.

关键词： spherical tokamak ohmic heating electron cyclotron heating FPGA

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Catalytic degradation of benzene over non-thermal plasma coupled Co-Ni binary metal oxide nanosheet catalysts

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第10期132卷 1-11页

作者： Zhi Jiang Dongxu Fang Yuting Liang Yaoyu He Hisahiro Einaga Wenfeng Shangguan Research Center for Combustion and Environmental Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Energy and Material Sciences Faculty of Engineering SciencesKyushu University6-1 Kasuga KoenKasugaFukuoka 816-8580Japan

Non-thermal plasma(NTP)has been demonstrated as one of the promising technologies that can degrade volatile organic compounds(VOCs)under ambient condition.However,one of the key challenges of VOCs degradation in NTP is its relatively low mineralization rate,which needs to be addressed by introducing catalysts.Therefore,the design and optimization of catalysts have become the focus of NTP coupling catalysis research.In thiswork,a series of two-dimensional nanosheet Co-Ni metal oxides were synthesized by microwave method and investigated for the catalytic oxidation of benzene in an NTP-catalysis coupling system.Among them,Co_(2)Ni_(1)O_(x)achieves 60%carbon dioxide(CO_(2))selectivity(SCO_(2))when the benzene removal efficiency(REbenzene)reaches more than 99%,which is a significant enhancement compared with the CO_(2)selectivity obtained without any catalysts(38%)under the same input power.More intriguingly,this SCO_(2)is also significantly higher than that of single metal oxides,NiO or Co_(3)O_(4),which is only around 40%.Such improved performance of this binary metal oxide catalyst is uniquely attributed to the synergistic effects of Co and Ni in Co_(2)Ni_(1)O_(x)catalyst.The introduction of Co_(2)Ni_(1)O_(x)was found to promote the generation of acrolein significantly,one of the key intermediates found in NTP alone system reported previously,suggest the benzene ring open reaction is promoted.Compared with monometallic oxides NiO and Co_(3)O_(4),Co_(2)Ni_(1)O_(x)also shows higher active oxygen proportion,better oxygenmobility,and stronger low-temperature redox capability.The above factors result in the improved catalytic performance of Co_(2)Ni_(1)O_(x)in the NTP coupling removal of benzene.

关键词： Benzene Nonthermal plasma Catalysis Cobalt metal oxide Nickel oxide Binary metal oxide

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Synthesis of Large Area, Homogeneous, Single Layer Graphene Films by Annealing Amorphous Carbon on Co and Ni

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Nano Research 2011年第6期4卷 531-540页

作者： Carlo M. Orofeo Hiroki Ago Baoshan Hu Masaharu Tsuji Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu University Kasuga Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University Kasuga Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan

大区域，钴(公司) 上的同质的、单个层 graphene 和镍(Ni ) 的合成被报导。这个过程包含真空在公司 / 蓝宝石或 Ni/sapphire 底层上扔的劈啪作响的非结晶的碳(交流) 退火。金属电影的改进 crystallinity，由蓝宝石底层帮助了，证明是成... 详细信息

大区域，钴(公司) 上的同质的、单个层 graphene 和镍(Ni ) 的合成被报导。这个过程包含真空在公司 / 蓝宝石或 Ni/sapphire 底层上扔的劈啪作响的非结晶的碳(交流) 退火。金属电影的改进 crystallinity，由蓝宝石底层帮助了，证明是成长得当的 graphene 的质量的关键电影。公司和 Ni 金属电影的 crystallinity 被劈啪作响改进在被 X 光检查衍射(XRD ) 验证的提高的温度的金属。在交流劈啪作响并且退火以后，大区域，几乎占据底层的全部区域的单个层 graphene 被生产。与这个方法， 100 mm2 区域单身者层 graphene 能被综合并且仅仅由底层和真空房间尺寸是有限的。graphene 电影的同质不依赖于冷却的率，与用多晶的金属电影和常规化学蒸汽免职(CVD ) 的综合体相对照生长。我们在公司和 Ni 金属电影上生产单个层 graphene 的灵巧的方法应该导致大规模基于 graphene 的应用。

关键词：真空退火薄膜质量无定形碳均匀性石墨面积单层合成

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Continuous monitoring of char surface activity toward benzene

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2019年第1期2卷 43-50页

作者： Cheolyong Choi Kentaro Shima Shinji Kudo Koyo Norinaga Xiangpeng Gao Jun-ichiro Hayashi Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu University6-1Kasuga KoenKasuga 816-8580Japan Institute for Materials and Engineering Chemistry Kyushu University6-1Kasuga KoenKasuga 816-8580Japan Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of EngineeringNagoya UniversityNagoya 464-8601Japan Discipline of Electrical Engineering Energy and PhysicsSchool of Engineering and Information TechnologyMurdoch University90 South StreetMurdochWA 6150Australia Transdisciplinary Research and Education Center of Green Technology Kyushu University6-1Kasuga KoenKasuga 816-8580Japan

Kinetics of thermal decomposition of benzene on lignite-derived char was investigated at 900℃ by applying a new method to continuously monitor the char surface activity.Benzene vapor was continuously forced to pass through a micro fixed bed of char with residence time as short as 7.6 ms,and then detected continuously by a flame-ionization detector.Results showed the presence of two different types of char surfaces;consumptive Type I surface and non-consumptive(sustainable)Type II surface.Type I surface of a partially CO_(2)-gasified char had an capacity of carbon deposit from benzene over 20 wt%-char and an initial activity(represented by a first-order rate constant)as high as 160 s−1.Both of them decreased with increasing carbon deposit due to consumption of micropores accessible to benzene,and finally became zero leaving Type II surface that had a very stable activity with rate constant of 4 s−1.The chars without gasification had capacities of Type I surfaces smaller by two orders of magnitude than the partially gasified char,while the Type II surfaces had activities similar to that of the partially gasified char.It was found that Type II surface converted benzene into not only carbon deposit but also diaromatics and even greater aromatics.Composition of the greater aromatics was unknown because they were deposited onto the reactor wall immediately after passing through the char bed.

关键词： Carbon deposition Aromatics Tar Char Kinetics Pyrolysis Gasification

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Effect of SiO_(2)on loss of catalysis of inherent metallic species in CO_(2)gasification of coke from lignite

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2019年第1期2卷 13-22页

作者： Cheolyong Choi U.P.M.Ashik Shinji Kudo Kazuya Uebo Koyo Norinaga Jun-ichiro Hayashi Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu University6-1Kasuga KoenKasuga 816-8580Japan Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University6-1Kasuga KoenKasuga 816-8580Japan Process Research Laboratories Nippon Steel&Sumitomo Metal Corporation20-1ShintomiFuttsu 293-8511Japan Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of EngineeringNagoya UniversityNagoyaAichi 464-8601Japan Transdisciplinary Research and Education Center of Green Technology Kyushu University6-1Kasuga KoenKasuga 816-8580Japan

Inherent metallic species retained by coal char or coke,such as Na and Ca,behave as catalysts in gasification.The char/coke normally contains inherent SiO_(2),which can react with the inherent catalysts to form silicates,resulting in catalyst deactivation over the range of pyrolysis,carbonization and gasification,and thereby reducing the char/coke reactivity.The present authors simulated the inherent catalyst deactivation experimentally by blending a Victorian lignite with SiO_(2),briquetting the SiO_(2)/lignite blend,carbonizing the briquette,and then gasifying the coke with CO_(2).The kinetic analysis of the gasification employed a comprehensive model,which assumed progress in parallel of non-catalytic and catalytic gasification.The model quantitatively described the measured kinetics of the coke gasification with different SiO_(2)contents over a range of coke conversion up to 99.9%.The kinetic analysis revealed that the SiO_(2)deactivated substantial and entire portions of the most active catalyst and its precursor,respectively,before the gasification(i.e.,during the carbonization).The catalyst deactivation also occurred during the gasification,but mainly following a self-deactivation mechanism that involved no silicates formation.

关键词： Coke Lignite Reactivity CO_(2)gasification Inherent metallic species Catalyst Deactivation SiO_(2)

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Characteristics of gas evolution profiles during coal pyrolysis and its relation with the variation of functional groups

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2018年第4期5卷 452-463页

作者： Lu Zhang Shichao Qi Norihiro Takeda Shinji Kudo Junichiro Hayashi Koyo Norinaga Department of Applied Science for Electronics and Materials Kyushu University6-1Kasuga KoenKasugaFukuoka 816-8580Japan Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University6-1Kasuga KoenKasugaFukuoka 816-8580Japan

Strict relation between the substituents or functional groups attached to the coal macromolecules and the generation of the volatile products, e.g., CH4 H2O, CO, CO2, etc., during the coal pyrolysis is an important but confusing subject. In this paper, quadrupole mass spectronletry, gas chromatography, and ^l3C nuclear magnetic resonance are applied to real-time monitoring the formations of volatile products, off-line quantitative determination of the total products from the pyrolysis of a sub-bituminous coal (SC), and the changes of diverse substitents in the SC along with coke foamation, respectively. These measurements are also performed for the pyrolysis of a caking coal to contrast SC. The qualitative and quantitative data reveal that, during coal pyrolysis, the functional groups related with the formation of CO, i.e., ether, carbonyl, and anhydride, can directly gen erate CO via bond breaking, or take a detour of the formation of other intermediates via condensation and recombination firstly. Moreover, the formations of CO2 and CH4 are related to the direct removal of -COO- and -CH3,respectively.

关键词： Light gas evolution Carbonization QMS GC ^13C NMR

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Sensing Characteristics of Mixed-Potential-Type YSZ-Based NO_x Sensor Using Au-Doped NiO Sensing Electrode

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稀有金属材料与工程 2006年第A03期35卷 36-39页

作者： Vladimir V.Plashnitsa Taro Ueda Norio Miura Art Science and Technology Center for Cooperative ResearchKyushu UniversityKasuga-ShiFukuoka 816-8580Japan Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu UniversityKasuga-shiFukuoka 816-8580Japan

The nano-structured NiO powder obtained by sol-gel method was doped with 10 wt% gold in order to modify its morphology as well as its electrochemical catalytic activity.The NO_x sensing characteristics of mixed-potential-type YSZ-based planar sensors attached with each of the nano-NiO and the Au-doped nano-NiO materials as a sensing electrode SE) were examined at temperatures of 700℃～800℃.The Au-doped NiO-SE was found to give a large enhancement in the NO_2 sensitivity as well as the NO_2 selectivity at 800℃under wet condition,in comparison with the pure NiO-SE.The reason for the improvement in the NO_2 sensitivity was examined based on the data of polarization curves,impedance spectra and catalytic activity for the gas-phase NO_2 decomposition.

关键词： NO_x sensor mixed potential NiO nanostructure YSZ Au

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Magnetic Sensorless Sensing of Plasma Position in the Superconducting Tokamak HT-7

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Plasma Science and Technology 2004年第5期6卷 2459-2462页

作者： K.Nakamura Z.S.Ji B.Shen P.J.Qin S.Itoh K.Hanada M.Sakamoto E.Jotaki M.Hasegawa A.Iyomasa S.Kawasaki H.Nakashima Research Institute for Applied Mechanics Kyushu University 6-1 Kasuga-koen Kasuga City Fukuoka 816-8580 JapanInstitute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 ChinaInstitute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 ChinaInstitute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 ChinaResearch Institute for Applied Mechanics Kyushu University 6-1 Kasuga-koen Kasuga City Fukuoka 816-8580 JapanResearch Institute for Applied Mechanics Kyushu University 6-1 Kasuga-koen Kasuga City Fukuoka 816-8580 JapanResearch Institute for Applied Mechanics Kyushu University 6-1 Kasuga-koen Kasuga City Fukuoka 816-8580 JapanInstitute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 ChinaResearch Institute for Applied Mechanics Kyushu University 6-1 Kasuga-koen Kasuga City Fukuoka 816-8580 JapanResearch Institute for Applied Mechanics Kyushu University 6-1 Kasuga-koen Kasuga City Fukuoka 816-8580 JapanResearch Institute for Applied Mechanics Kyushu University 6-1 Kasuga-koen Kasuga City Fukuoka 816-8580 JapanResearch Institute for Applied Mechanics Kyushu University 6-1 Kasuga-koen Kasuga City Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan

Magnetic sensorless sensing experiments of the plasma horizontal positionhave been carried out in the superconducting tokamak HT-7. The horizontal position is calculatedfrom the vertical field coil current and voltage without using signals of magnetic probes placednearby a plasma. The calculations are focused on the ripple frequency component of the power supply.There is no drift problem with the time integration of magnetic probe signals. The error of thederived plasma position is lower than 2% of the plasma minor radius.

关键词： sensorless sensing plasma position HT-7

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Assessing mixing uniformity in microreactors via in-line spectroscopy

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第2期66卷 119-124页

作者： Shusaku Asano Shinji Kudo Taisuke Maki Yosuke Muranaka Kazuhiro Mae Jun-ichiro Hayashi Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu UniversityKasuga 816-8580Japan Department of Chemical Engineering Graduate School of EngineeringKyoto UniversityJapan

Mixing behavior is critical for enhancing the selectivity of fast chemical reactions in microreactors.A high Reynolds number(Re)improves the mixing rate and selectivity of the reactions,but some exceptions of increasing side product yield with the higher Re have been reported.This study investigated the mixing uniformity in microreactors with in-line UV-vis spectroscopy to clarify the relationship between reaction selectivity and chaotic mixing with the higher Re.A colorization experiment of thymolphthalein in an acidic solution was conducted with an excess acid amount to the base to indicate a non-uniformly mixed region.Non-uniformity significantly increased with Re.At the same time,the degree of mixing,which was measured by a usual decolorization experiment,showed that the mixing rate increased with Re.The in-line analysis of the Villermaux-Dushman reaction during the mixing clarified that side product yield significantly increased with Re at around 300 and then decreased at around 1100.These results suggest the compensation effect between the mixing uniformity and mixing rate on the selectivity of the mixing-sensitive reactions.Faster mixing,characterized by a larger Re,can disturb mixing uniformity and,in some cases,decrease reaction selectivity.

关键词： Microreactor Villermaux-Dushman reaction In-line analysis Mixing Mass transfer Uniformity

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