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Transitioning from paternalism to empowerment of farmers in lowincome countries: Farming components to systems

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第8期14卷 1490-1499页

作者： David Norman Agricultural Economics Department Kansas State University

Reasons for the initiation of farming systems/participatory approaches in non-Green Revolution（i.e., in more heterogeneous and less favourable production environments） areas in low-income countries is followed by a discussion of their *** phases are described along, with a brief description of some of the significant methods in which farmer participation has been sought, accessed and *** enabled/facilitated the evolutionary ***, over the last 40 years there has been a progress in making small-scale farmers much more visible in driving the agricultural research/development agenda through using the four basic stages embodied in the farming systems approach（i.e., descriptive, diagnosis, testing/evaluation and finally dissemination）, much still needs to be *** leads on to a discussion as to some of the barriers still inhibiting true farmer empowerment and why further, such empowerment is imperative, if the agricultural challenges of this century are to be addressed successfully, namely substantially increasing agricultural productivity in an ecologically sustainable *** the heterogeneity of the production environments and that many identified improvements are likely to be incremental rather than revolutionary in nature, this will require farmers＇ intimate involvement in their identification, evaluation and *** in the paper recognizes that there is increasing globalization/commercialization of agriculture and is predicated on the need to consider the whole farmer-research-development continuum involving multiple stakeholders（i.e., farmers, scientists, extension workers, input/output service providers and policymakers）.Such a continuum has been explicitly recognized in the operational plans for the recently reformed international agricultural research（i.e., CGIAR） *** paper concludes with a short discussion on the potential role of formal modelling.

关键词： farming systems research farmer empowerment farmer participatory approaches/techniques globalisation commercialisation conservat

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Editorial of special column on Drug targets and drug development for Alzheimer's disease

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2022年第4期12卷 1686-1687页

作者： Wen-Xing Ding Russell H.Swerdlow Department of Pharmacology Toxicology and TherapeuticsDepartment of Internal Medicinethe University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Department of Neurology the University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is the most common form of progressive dementia in people aged 65 years and *** major pathological features of AD are the accumulation of extracellularβ-amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of aggregated,hyperphosphorylated *** addition to an accumulation of protein aggregates,mitochondrial dysfunction,altered lipid metabolism and increased neuroinflammation also play critical roles in the pathogenesis of AD and its associated dementia.

关键词： Alzheimer metabolism inflammation

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Synchronous gastric and colon cancers:Important to consider hereditary syndromes and chronic inflammatory disease associations

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第3期16卷 571-576页

作者： Santosh Shenoy Department of General Surgery Kansas City VA Medical CenterUniversity of Missouri-Kansas CityKansasMO 64128United States

In this editorial we comment on the manuscript,describing management and surveillance strategies in synchronous and metachronous,gastric and colon *** or metachronous primary malignancies at different sites of the gastrointestinal tract pose a unique diagnostic and therapeutic *** services and strategies are required for the management of multiple site primary malignancies,to provide the best oncological *** this study highlights the dual cancers in 76 sporadic cases,the authors excluded 55 patients due to combination of factors which includes;incomplete clinical data,genetic syndrome,gastric stump *** addition,the authors did not elaborate if any patients presented with signet ring cell morphology,E-cadherin mutations or presence of inflammatory bowel *** and mutational errors and epithelial field defects from chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are important when considering synchronous gastric and colonic *** will briefly discuss these in this editorial.

关键词： Synchronous gastric Colon cancers Gene mutation Chronic inflammation

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Cross-reactive antibody immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in children and adults

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第7期18卷 1826-1828页

作者： Elizabeth Fraley Cas LeMaster Dithi Banerjee Santosh Khanal Rangaraj Selvarangan Todd Bradley Genomic Medicine Center Children’s Mercy Research InstituteChildren’s Mercy Kansas CityKansas CityMOUSA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Children’s Mercy Research InstituteChildren’s Mercy Kansas CityKansas CityMOUSA Department of Pediatrics Children’s Mercy Kansas CityKansas CityMOUSA Department of Pediatrics UMKC School of MedicineKansas CityMOUSA Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is a novel beta-coronavirus that has emerged and caused a global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).1,2 Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are age dependent,with children appearing to be less vulnerable than adults to severe disease.3,4 It has been reported that a subset of children and adults without previous infection had higher levels of humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2,which may influence disease severity.5,6,7,8 Another study found that children who had never been exposed to SARS-CoV-2 had higher levels of cross-reactive antibodies to the spike glycoprotein subunit S2 of SARS-CoV-2 than adults.9 These findings raise the hypothesis that children may have a higher degree of preexisting cross-reactive immunity that provides some level of protection from severe *** this study,we determined antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in adults after infection and compared these responses in both children and adults with no prior exposure to ***,we mapped antibody epitopes elicited after infection,and cross-reactive antibody epitopes without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection,at high resolution using SARS-CoV-2 spike protein peptide arrays.

关键词： immunity children finding

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Regulatory role of NFAT1 signaling in articular chondrocyteactivities and osteoarthritis pathogenesis

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BIOCELL 2023年第10期47卷 2125-2132页

作者： MINGCAI ZHANG TANNER CAMPBELL SPENCER FALCON JINXI WANG Harrington Laboratory for Molecular Orthopedics Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityUSA

Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of joint disease, is characterized clinically by joint pain, stiffness,and deformity. OA is now considered a whole joint disease;however, the breakdown of the articular cartilage remains themajor hallmark of the disease. Current treatments targeting OA symptoms have a limited impact on impeding orreversing the OA progression. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying OA development isa critical barrier to progress in OA therapy. Recent studies by the current authors’ group and others have revealedthat the nuclear factor of activated T cell 1 (NFAT1), a member of the NFAT family of transcription factors, regulatesthe expression of many anabolic and catabolic genes in articular chondrocytes of adult mice. Mice lacking NFAT1exhibit normal skeletal development but display OA in both appendicular and spinal facet joints as adults. Thisreview mainly focuses on the recent advances in the regulatory role of NFAT1 transcription factor in the activities ofarticular chondrocytes and its implication in the pathogenesis of OA.

关键词： Osteoarthritis Chondrocyte NFAT1 Transcription factor Regulation of gene expression

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New advances in molecular mechanisms and emerging therapeutic targets in alcoholic liver diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第36期20卷 12908-12933页

作者： Jessica A Williams Sharon Manley Wen-Xing Ding Department of Pharmacology Toxicology and Therapeutics The University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS 66160 United States

Alcoholic liver disease is a major health problem in the United States and worldwide. Chronic alcohol consumption can cause steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis and even liver cancer. Significant progress has been made to understand key events and molecular players for the onset and progression of alcoholic liver disease from both experimental and clinical alcohol studies. No successful treatments are currently available for treating alcoholic liver disease; therefore, development of novel pathophysiological-targeted therapies is urgently needed. This review summarizes the recent progress on animal models used to study alcoholic liver disease and the detrimental factors that contribute to alcoholic liver disease pathogenesis including miRNAs, S-adenosylmethionine, Zinc deficiency, cytosolic lipin-1β, IRF3-mediated apoptosis, RIP3-mediated necrosis and hepcidin. In addition, we summarize emerging adaptive protective effects induced by alcohol to attenuate alcohol-induced liver pathogenesis including FoxO3, IL-22, autophagy and nuclear lipin-1α.

关键词： Alcoholic liver disease Autophagy Fatty liver Lipin-1 FoxO3 RIP3 IL-22

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Desmoid type fibromatosis: A case report with an unusual etiology

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2017年第9期9卷 385-389页

作者： Syed Faisal Jafri Obada Obaisi Gerardo G Vergara Joe Cates Jaswinder Singh Jennifer Feeback Harathi Yandrapu Gastroenterology Research Medical CenterKansas City School of Medicine University of Missouri in Kansas City Pathology Research Medical CenterKansas City General and Vascular Surgery Research Medical CenterKansas City Hematology/Oncology Research Medical CenterKansas City Clinical Research Research Medical CenterKansas City Internal Medicine Department of Research Medical Center and Research Department of kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center

Desmoid type fibromatosis(DTF) is a rare, locally invasive, non-metastasizing soft tissue tumor. We report an interesting case of DTF involving the pancreatic head of a 54-year-old woman. She presented with intermittent dysphagia and significant weight loss within a 3-mo period. Laboratory findings showed mild elevation of transaminases, significant elevation of alkaline phosphatase and direct hyperbilirubinemia, indicating obstructive jaundice. Computerized tomography of the abdomen revealed a mass in the head of the pancreas, dilated common bile duct, and dilated pancreatic duct. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasound showed a large hypoechoic massin the head of the pancreas causing extrahepatic biliary obstruction and pancreatic ductal dilation. The patient underwent a successful partial pancreatico-duodenectomy and cholecystectomy. She received no additional therapy after surgery, and liver function tests were normalized within nine days after surgery. Currently, surgical resection is the recommended first line treatment. The patient will be followed for any recurrence.

关键词： Desmoid type fibromatosis Desmoid tumor Aggressive fibromatosis Pancreas Painless jaundice

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Comparison of the use of wireless capsule endoscopy with magnetic resonance enterography in children with inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第28期25卷 3808-3822页

作者： Nadia Mazen Hijaz Thomas Mario Attard Jennifer Marie Colombo Neil Joseph Mardis Craig Alan Friesen Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition University of Missouri Kansas City Children’s Mercy Hospital Kansas City

BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) and wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) are equally accepted modalities for noninvasive screening of small bowel involvement (SBI) in children with Crohn’s disease (CD) and indeterminate colitis (IC) albeit there is a paucity of data comparing the two and thereby guiding the clinician in selecting the ideal diagnostic approach. Therefore, the goal of this study is to provide additional evidence for capsule endoscopy role in the evaluation of established Crohn’s disease exacerbation compared to MRE in relation to Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index (PCDAI), and histological indices. AIM To prospectively compare the findings of MRE and WCE and their agreement with PCDAI or histology in children with CD or IC. METHODS Consecutive patients diagnosed with CD and IC were screened for inclusion. After informed consent, patient’s demographic and clinical data was abstracted. The current pediatric disease activity index (PCDAI) and endoscopic findings were included. Patients underwent MRE and WCE including preprocedural patency capsule within a maximum of 7 d of each other. Pathological presence of active small bowel disease in ileal and duodenal biopsies were collected if the endoscopy was performed within 2 mo of the WCE study. Patients who failed to pass the PC were excluded from the study. WCE was read by two different experienced gastroenterologists (Attard TM and Colombo JM) blinded to each other's findings and to the findings on MRE (Mardis NJ). Agreement between WCE reviewers, WCE and MRE findings and concordance between positive PCDAI and SBI based on MRE compared with WCE was computed. RESULTS Forty-five patients were included in the study, 18 withdrew and 27 (20 males and 20 CD), mean age (standard deviation) 13.46 (2.4) years, completed the study protocol. There were no instances of capsule retention. Concordance between gastroenterologist reviewers was excellent for the diagnosis of small intestinal CD with good

关键词： Crohn’s disease Wireless capsule endoscopy Inflammatory bowel disease Magnetic resonance enterography Small bowel involvement Small bowel disease Indeterminate colitis Pediatric Children

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Polymorphisms in salivary-gland transcripts of Russian wheat aphid biotypes 1 and 2

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Insect Science 2012年第4期19卷 429-440页

作者： Feng Cui Michael Smith John Reese Owain Edwards Gerald Reeck Department of Biochemistry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA State Key Laboratory of Integrated Managementof Pest Insects&Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Department of Entomology Kansas StateUniversityManhattanKansasUSA CSIRO Entomology Canberra CooperaEve Research Centre for Plant Biosecufity CanberraAustralia

The Russian wheat aphid （RWA）, Diuraphis noxia （Mordvilko）（Homoptera： Aphididae）, is a major pest of small grains. As with plant-feeding aphids in general, the interaction between RWA and host plants is governed, on the insect side, by proteins and enzymes in saliva. In this work, we examined sequence variations in transcripts encoding proteins and enzymes of RWA salivary glands. We conducted reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction in RWA biotypes 1 and 2 using primers derived from pea aphid orthologs, and cloned regions of 17 putative salivary gland transcripts. For four of the transcripts, we observed no difference in sequences between the two biotypes. For the other 13 transcripts, for example, the transcripts encoding sucrase, trehalase and protein C002, large amount of variations, both within each biotype and between the two biotypes, were observed. Usually the two biotypes shared only one variant, which was typically the most common variant in both biotypes. Most of the transcripts had more non-synonymous than synonymous codon changes among their variants. Our results offer possible molecular markers for distinguishing the two biotypes and insights into their evolution.

关键词： biotype molecular marker polymorphism Russian wheat aphid salivarygland transcript

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Differential colonization of wheat cultivars by two biotypes of Russian wheat aphid （Homoptera： Aphididae）

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Insect Science 2005年第5期12卷 341-349页

作者： JAWWAD A. QURESHI JAWAHAR L. JYOTI J. P. MICHAUD Department of Entomology Kansas State University Agricultural Research Center Hays Kansas USA

Susceptible and resistance wheat cultivars, Triticum aestivum L, were presented to two biotypes of Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia （Mordvilko）, in multiple choice tests to assay their relative acceptability as host plants. Both apterae （third and fourth instars） and alate adults were offered plants at the two-leaf stage in different cultivar combinations at 22±1℃ and 16：8 （L： D） hour photoperiod. Apterae were released from Petri dishes in the center of a circle of test plants, whereas alatae dispersed from a mature aphid colony to settle on plants arranged in rows. Both alatae and apterous nymphs of both biotypes readily colonized all cultivars tested：‘2137＇, ‘Akron＇,‘Ankor’,‘ Halt’ ,‘ Jagger’ ,‘ Prairie Red’ , ‘Stanton＇,‘TAM 107＇,‘TAM 110＇,‘Trego＇, ‘ Yuma＇, and ‘Yumar＇. Fewer biotype I apterae responded （settled and fed） in the combination containing more resistant （Dn4- and Dny-expressing） cultivars, compared to the combinations that had fewer. The reverse was true for biotype 2 apterae; more aphids responded in the combination containing the largest number of Dn4 expressing cultivars. Differential colonization of cultivars was observed in only one combination, in which biotype 2 apterae colonized Akron and Yumar in larger numbers than they did Stanton and Yuma. A separate experiment confirmed that, 48 hours after infestation, more biotype 2 apterae abandoned plants of Yuma than plants of Yumar. This differential response was likely due to genetic differences between the two ＇ near isogenic＇ lines that include the lack of Dn4 expression in Yuma. Choice tests with alatae did not result in differential rates of cultivar colonization by either biotype in any combination tested. These results suggest that young wheat plants appear to lack any meaningful antixenosis toward D. noxia, even though the aphids appear to perceive, and sometimes respond to, certain differences in cultivar suitability.

关键词： antixenosis biotypes colonization preference Russian wheat aphid Triticum aestivum

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