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Response of small rodents to manipulations of vegetation height in agro-ecosystems

Integrative Zoology 2008年第1期3卷 3-10页

作者： Jens JACOB Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants-julius kuehn institute Vertebrate ResearchMünsterGermany

Some small mammal populations require human interference to conserve rare or threatened species or to minimizeadverse effects in plant production. Without a thorough understanding about how small rodents behave in theirenvironment and consideration of how they react to management efforts, management will not be optimal. Socialbehavior, spatial and temporal activity patterns, predator avoidance and other behavioral responses can affect pestrodent management. Some of these behavioral patterns and their causes have been well studied. However, theirimpact on pest rodent management, especially for novel management approaches, is not always clear. Habitatmanipulation occurs necessarily through land use and intentionally to reduce shelter and food availability and toincrease predation pressure on rodents. Rodents often respond to decreased vegetation height with reducedmovements and increased risk sensitivity in their feeding behavior. This seems to result mainly from an elevatedperceived predation risk. Behavioral responses may lessen the efficacy of the management because the desiredeffects of predators might be mediated. It remains largely unknown to what extent such responses can compensateat the population level for the expected consequences of habitat manipulation and how population size and cropdamage are affected. It is advantageous to understand how target and non-target species react to habitatmanipulation to maximize the management effects by appropriate techniques, timing and spatial scale withoutcausing unwanted effects at the system level.

关键词： behavior crop protection pest rodent population dynamics vegetation height

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IPM Strategies and Their Dilemmas Including an Introduction to www. ***

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第2期13卷 265-281页

作者： Lise Nistrup Jφrgensen Mogens Stφvring Hovmφller Jens Grφnbk Hansen Poul Lassen Bill Clark Rosemary Bayles Bernd Rodemann Kerstin Flath Margot Jahn Tomas Goral Jerzy Czembor J Philip Cheyron Claude Maumene Claude De Pope Rita Ban Ghita Cordsen Nielsen Gunilla Berg Depar tment of Agroecology Aarhus UniversityFlakkebjergFors?gsvej 1Slagelse 4200Denmark Aarhus University FoulumBlichers Allé 20Tjele 8830Denmark NIAB/TAG Huntingdon RoadCambridge CB3 0LEUnited Kingdom julius kuehn institute Messerweg 11Braunsweig 38104Germany julius kuehn institute Stahndorfer Damm 81Kleinmachnow14532Germany Plant Breeding and Acclimatization institute IHAR-PIB RadzikowBlonie 05-870Poland Arvalis du Vegetal Boigneville 91720France Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Thiverval Grinon 78850France Szent István University Pater K.Street 1Godollo 2100Hungary Knowledge Centre for Agriculture SkejbyAarhus N 8200Denmark Swedish Board of Agriculture Plant Protection CentreAlnarp 23053Sweden

Information about disease management in winter wheat （Triticum aestiva） in eight European countries was collated and analysed by scientists and extension workers within the European Network for the Durable Exploitation of Crop Protection Strategies （ENDURE）. This included information about specific disease thresholds, decision support systems, host varieties, disease prevalence and pathogen virulence. Major differences in disease prevalence and economic importance were observed. Septoria tritici blotch （Mycosphaerella graminicola） was recognized as the most yield reducing disease in countries with intensive wheat production, but also rust diseases （Puccinia striiformis and Puccinia triticina）, powdery mildew （Blumeria graminis） and Fusarium head blight （Fusarium spp.） were seen as serious disease problems. Examples of current integrated pest management （IPM） strategies in different countries have been reported. Disease management and fungicide use patterns showed major differences, with an average input equivalent to 2.3 full dose rates （TFI） in the UK and a TFI of 0.6 in Denmark. These differences are most likely due to a combination of different cropping systems, climatic differences, disease prevalence, and socio-economic factors. The web based information platform *** was used for dissemination of information and results including information on control thresholds, cultural practices which can influence disease attack, fungicide efficacy, fungicide resistance, and pathogen virulence, which are all elements supporting 1PM for disease control in wheat. The platform is open to all users. The target groups of EuroWheat information are researchers, advisors, breeders, and similar partners dealing with disease management in wheat.

关键词： winter wheat IPM fungicides diseases cultural methods

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Farmers’ Knowledge of Potato Viruses and Management Strategies in the Western Highlands of Cameroon

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2021年第7期11卷 818-831页

作者： Temfack Deloko Dély Carlos Achiangia Patrick Njukeng Anoumaa Mariette Chofong Gilbert Nchongboh Djomo Simé Hervé Lontsi-Demano Michel Fonkou Théophile Research Unit of Applied Botany University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon julius kuehn institute Institute of Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics Braunschweig Germany Research Unit of Applied Biology and Ecology University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), important staple food and a source of income to small-scale farmers, is mostly cultivated in Cameroon in the Western Highlands. Production constraints are exerted on this crop by many pathogens including viruses responsible for considerable yield losses. This study aimed at assessing the perception of farmers on the virus diseases that can affect potatoes, and to identify the control methods adopted against them. A semi-structured survey was carried out among 230 farmers in 24 villages of the Western Highlands zone of Cameroon. Out of these farmers, 80.87% had never heard of potato viruses. Those having pre-knowledge about potato viruses were 19.13%. Among the latter, 16.52% had heard of potato viruses and transmission mode during capacity building workshops while 2.61% didn’t know about the means of transmission. Insect control is essentially chemical (100%). However, few farmers use biological methods such as intercropping (7.39%) and application of plant extracts (4.78%) to control insects. Twelve plant species, belonging to nine families, were mentioned for insect control. In addition to plants, farmers also use wood ash and rabbit urine for insect control. These results show the knowledge gap possessed by farmers with respect to potato viruses and their transmission mode. It is thus speculated that this spans to other crops in Cameroon settings. This finding can serve as a base and a working document for policymaking to ameliorate teaching, research and devilment related to plant viruses for better sustainable food production.

关键词： Farmers Knowledge Virus Control Potato Cameroon

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一种快速生长的甘蓝型油菜DH系的获得和鉴定

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植物生理学通讯 2009年第4期45卷 389-391页

作者：吴磊吴冕 Karin Sonntag 王幼平扬州大学生物科学与技术学院江苏扬州225009 julius kuehn institute Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsInstitute for Breeding Research on Agricultural Crops

从快速生长的甘蓝型油菜的小孢子培养中共获得23个再生植株。经倍性鉴定,其中自发加倍成二倍体的有10株,单倍体13株。单倍体再用秋水仙碱处理后获得DH系,所得材料对油菜功能基因组学的研究可能有一定的价值。

关键词：甘蓝型油菜小孢子培养 DH系

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伞滑刃属(Bursaphelenchus)属内分类研究(英文)

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） 2010年第4期34卷 173-174页

作者： Helen Braasch 顾建锋 Wolfgang Burgermeister 德国农林生物研究中心检疫办公室 Kantstrasse 5D-14471PotsdamGermany 宁波出入境检验检疫局浙江宁波315012 德国julius kuehn流行病接病原诊断研究所 Messeweg 11D-38104 BraunschweigGerman

目前已经报道了伞滑刃属(Bursaphelenchus)内近百种线虫,其共同的形态特征是雄虫的尾部末端具有交合伞。在该属的分类中尚存在同物异名的问题。为此,基于其特征的复杂性,笔者提出根据线虫侧线的数目、尾乳突的排列、是否出现阴门盖、交... 详细信息

目前已经报道了伞滑刃属(Bursaphelenchus)内近百种线虫,其共同的形态特征是雄虫的尾部末端具有交合伞。在该属的分类中尚存在同物异名的问题。为此,基于其特征的复杂性,笔者提出根据线虫侧线的数目、尾乳突的排列、是否出现阴门盖、交合刺形状、外分泌孔及后部子宫分支的位置等特征,将该属分为7组,其中4条侧线组为xylophilus,okinawaensis,africanus, fungivorus,cocophilus, kevini和sexdentati;3条侧线组为eggersi,eremus, hofmanni,leoni;2条侧线组为abietinus和sinensis。73种列入上述分组中,24种因为缺乏形态学资料未能列入。交合刺不能用于分组。列入该分组的39种基于亚基核糖体DNA数据的分子树说明了该分组的合理性。另外,Parasitaphelenchinae, Aphelenchoidinae和Ektaphelenchinae亚科中28种线虫基于核糖体大亚基D1—D2区序列生成的分子树显示了它们在Aphelenchoididae科中的系统关系。

关键词：伞滑刃属属内分组侧线数目分子树

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