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Specific Issues of Criminal Protection in the Field of Genetics:International and Spanish Experience

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journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2023年第4期9卷 289-293页

作者： Viktor Anatolievich Shestak Alyona Dmitrievna Tsyplakova Department of Criminal Procedure Moscow Academy of the Investigative Committee of the Russian FederationMoscowRussian FederationRussia2Department of Criminal LawCriminal Procedure and CriminologyMGIMO UniversityMoscowRussia

Background:Methods for combining cloning techniques with genetic engineering techniques(gene manipulation)are currently being developed in order to enhance predetermined biological or mental *** of conducting research on human embryos is justified by the fact that it will help to improve the human species and free it from serious ***,two competing rights stand in the way of legality of this *** the one hand,the right of a human embryo to development and *** the other hand,the right of mankind to use all scientific means to fight more effectively against diseases and to receive organs and tissues for transplantation to improve the quality of *** researchers believe that human life,if regarded as a moral value,cannot be *** and Objectives:This paper examines the relevant legislation on both international and national levels and the Spanish doctrine in terms of defining acts against genetics and evaluating effectiveness to criminalize them in order to ensure the balance between medical ethics and community best *** and Methods:This study is a description paper on gene-manipulation regulation in Spain,the EU and *** is based primarily on genetic,systematic-functional and systematization methods with regard to special legal *** and Conclusion:There is a wide of international,supranational and national acts that governs gene manipulation and secures society from illegal ***,there are vague issues to revise either by enacting amendments or referencing to *** perfect way to ensure community interests is to elaborate both.

关键词： Biotechnology cloning crime criminal law protection stem cells

Follicle and melanocyte stem cells, and their application in neuroscience A Web of Science-based literature analysis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2012年第34期7卷 2734-2741页

作者： Weifu Wu Department of dermatology Jinzhou Central Hospital

OBJECTIVE： To identify global research trends of follicle and melanocyte stem cells, and their application in neuroscience. DATA RETRIEVAL： We performed a bibliometric analysis of studies from 2002 to 2011 on follicle and melanocyte stem cells, and their application in neuroscience, which were retrieved from the Web of Science, using the key words follicle stem cell or melanocyte stem cell, and neural, neuro or nerve. SELECTION CRITERIA： Inclusion criteria：（a） peer-reviewed published articles on follicle and melanocyte stem cells, and their application in neuroscience, which were indexed in the Web of Science; （b） original research articles, reviews, meeting abstracts, proceedings papers, book chapters, editorial material, and news items. Exclusion criteria：（a） articles that required manual searching or telephone access; （b） documents that were not published in the public domain; and （c） a number of corrected papers from the total number of articles. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES：（1） Distribution of publications on follicle and melanocyte stem cells by years, journals, countries, institutions, institutions in China, and most cited papers. （2） Distribution of publications on the application of follicle and melanocyte stem cells in neuroscience by years, journals, countries, institutions, and most cited papers. RESULTS： Of the 348 publications from 2002 to 2011 on follicle and melanocyte stem cells, which were retrieved from the Web of Science, more than half were from American authors and institutes. The most prolific institutions in China for publication of papers on follicle and melanocyte stem cells were the Fourth Military Medical University and Third Military Medical University. The most prolific journals for publication of papers on follicle and melanocyte stem cells were the journal of investigative dermatology, Pigment Cell ＆ Melanoma Research. Of the 63 publications from 2002 to 2011 on the application of follicle and melanocyte stem cells in neuroscience, which

关键词： skin stem cell follicle stem cell melanocyte stem cell skin-derived precursor neural crest stem cell neuron glial cell differentiation bibliometric neural regeneration

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转化医学源头——寻找疾病病因

转化医学源头——寻找疾病病因

Vanishing bile duct syndrome in Hodgkin's lymphoma: A case report and literature review

遗传学与表观遗传学前沿暨第三届中国青年遗传学家论坛

作者：张学军国际皮肤科联盟亚洲皮肤病学会卫生部教育部中国医师协会皮肤科医师分会安徽医科大学教育部皮肤病重点实验室香港大学医学院安徽省医学会安徽省医学会皮肤病学分会 journal of investigative dermatology British journal of dermatology journal of Dermatological Science International journal of dermatology Annals of dermatology

转化医学是医学研究的一个分支,试图在基础研究与临床医疗之间建立更直接的联系,并将基础研究的成果转化成为实际患者提供的真正治疗手段。疾病的病因主要包括遗传因素(内因)和环境因素(外因)。先前探索疾病的病因主要聚焦在寻找外因,...

转化医学是医学研究的一个分支,试图在基础研究与临床医疗之间建立更直接的联系,并将基础研究的成果转化成为实际患者提供的真正治疗手段。疾病的病因主要包括遗传因素(内因)和环境因素(外因)。先前探索疾病的病因主要聚焦在寻找外因,其中胃炎和胃溃疡病因的发现是寻找疾病外因的经典案例。随着人类对遗传物质的深入认识,发现遗传因素在人类疾病中也起着重要作用。既往"定位克隆"和"定位候选克隆"的方法是研究孟德尔遗传模式疾病和复杂疾病遗传学基础、发现疾病致病基因的主要方法,并发现了一批有价值的疾病易感基因/区域。随着研究技术的发展,人们对人类基因组的认识不断加深。在人类基因组计划(HGP)和国际人类基因组单体型图计划(HapMap)计划推动下,基因分型和测序技术得到了迅猛发展,高通量基因分型和测序被广泛用于疾病易感基因的搜寻。安徽医科大学研究团队在皮肤病遗传学研究领域做出了重大贡献,获得了广泛的认可。该团队利用连锁分析、候选基因研究、全基因组关联研究(GWAS)、外显子组测序和靶向测序在皮肤病遗传学领域取得了丰硕成果,发现了许多单基因病和复杂疾病的易感基因/致病基因。这些研究成果大大加深了对相关疾病遗传学发病机制的认识,为疾病的诊断、预防和治疗和与遗传有关疾病的科学根据及手段,从而对改善人类健康素质做出贡献。

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第2期23卷 366-372页

作者： Mena Bakhit Thomas R McCarty Sunhee Park Basile Njei Margaret Cho Raffi Karagozian AnnMarie Liapakis Department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of Medicine Section of Digestive Diseases Yale University School of Medicine investigative Medicine Program Yale Center of Clinical Investigation Department of Anatomic Pathology Yale University School of Medicine Saint Francis Hospital Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Vanishing bile duct syndrome(VBDS) has been described in different pathologic conditions including infection, ischemia, adverse drug reactions, autoimmune diseases, allograft rejection, and humoral factors associated with malignancy. It is an acquired condition characterized by progressive destruction and loss of the intra-hepatic bile ducts leading to cholestasis. Prognosis is variable and partially dependent upon the etiology of bile duct injury. Irreversible bile duct loss leads to significant ductopenia, biliary cirrhosis, liver failure, and death. If biliary epithelial regeneration occurs, clinical recovery may occur over a period of months to years. VBDS has been described in a number of cases of patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma(HL) where it is thought to be a paraneoplastic phenomenon. This case describes a 25-year-old man found on liver biopsy to have VBDS. Given poor response to medical treatment, the patient underwent transplant evaluation at that time and was found to have classical stage ⅡB HL. Early recognition of this underlying cause or association of VBDS, including laboratory screening, and physical exam for lymphadenopathy are paramount to identifying potential underlying VBDS-associated malignancy. Here we review the literature of HL-associated VBDS and report a case of diagnosed HL with biopsy proven VBDS.

关键词： Cholestasis 胆汁 ductopenia 消失的胆汁管症候群 Hodgkin’ s 淋巴瘤肝

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关于法庭科学DNA数据库若干问题的探讨

中国法医学杂志 2011年第3期26卷 252-255页

作者：葛建业严江伟 Bruce Budowle Ranajit Chakraborty Arthur Eisenberg Institute of investigative Genetics University of North Texas Health Science Center Department of Forensic and investigative Genetics University of North Texas Health Science Center 中国科学院北京基因组研究所北京100029

本文论述常染色体STR基因座的选取和数量对数据库直接匹配、亲缘关系检索、失踪人员检索等数据库检索应用可能带来的影响,指出大容量DNA数据库在应用中可能出现的问题,并讨论应用数据库时需要考虑的群体和群体内差异,以及Y染色体和线粒... 详细信息

本文论述常染色体STR基因座的选取和数量对数据库直接匹配、亲缘关系检索、失踪人员检索等数据库检索应用可能带来的影响,指出大容量DNA数据库在应用中可能出现的问题,并讨论应用数据库时需要考虑的群体和群体内差异,以及Y染色体和线粒体DNA对数据库检索的辅助作用。旨在为今后建设和完善具有中国特色的大容量DNA数据库提供参考和帮助。

关键词：法医物证学 DNA数据库数据库匹配亲缘关系检索失踪人员检索群体内差异

Alanine aminotransferase is an inadequate surrogate marker for detecting lamivudine resistance

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第37期16卷 4691-4696页

作者： Lee Guan Lim Myat Oo Aung Bee Leng Seet Cindy Tan Yock Young Dan Yin Mei Lee Dede Selamat Sutedja Mark Fernandes Guan Huei Lee Evelyn Koay Seng Gee Lim Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology National University Health System Yong Yoo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Department of Medicine National University Health System Yong Yoo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Molecular Diagnostic Centre National University Health System Yong Yoo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore investigative Medicine Unit National University Health System Yong Yoo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore

AIM: To investigate the accuracy of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in diagnosing lamivudine resistance and factors that contributed to abnormal serum ***: This was a retrospective study of chronic hepatitis B patients on lamivudine therapy who were followed for 3-mo with liver function tests and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA measurement. Lamivudine resistance was defined as HBV DNA ≥ 1 log from nadir on at least 2 occasions, confirmed by genotyping. Serum ALT levels in patients with lamivudine resistance were compared to serum ALT levels in those without lamivudine resistance. RESULTS: There were 111 patients with and 117 without lamivudine resistance. The area under the receiver operating characteristic of serum ALT to diagnose lamivudine resistance was 0.645 ± 0.037. Serum ALT > 42.5 U/L gave the best diagnostic accuracy with sensitivity = 61%, specificity = 60%, positive predictive value = 60%, negative predictive value = 61%, positive likelihood ratio = 1.53 and negative likelihood ratio = 0.65 for predicting lamivudine resistance, missing 39% of resistant patients. Using other serum ALT cutoffs, diagnostic accuracy was lower. By multivariate analysis, baseline abnormal serum ALT was associated with abnormal ALT during resistance (OR = 5.98, P = 0.003), and males were associated with serum ALT flares during resistance (OR = 8.9, P = 0.016). CONCLUSION: Serum ALT is inadequate for diagnosing lamivudine resistance and has implications where viral resistance testing is suboptimal and for reimbursement of rescue therapy.

关键词： Antiviral therapy Chronic hepatitis B Sensitivity Specificity YMDD mutants

ROSE: Alternative for Cancelled and Inconclusive Cytopathologic Examinations, as Well as Professional Training at the UNESP-Botucatu Veterinary Hospital

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Open journal of Veterinary Medicine 2019年第9期9卷 121-135页

作者： Fabiane Andrade Correia Neiva Eduardo Eburnio Paula de Sanctis Nayara Maria Gil Mazzante Noeme Sousa Rocha investigative and Comparative Pathology Laboratory S&Atilde o Paulo State University (UNESP) Botucatu Brazil School of Medicine from Botucatu S&Atilde o Paulo State University (UNESP) Botucatu Brazil

ROSE is a method for fast sample evaluation that does not compromise sensitivity and specificity in the hospital environment when establishing the diagnosis and the therapeutic protocol. The technique is already well-established in human medicine as it operates within the standard operational procedure, reducing the rates of inconclusive results and cancelled cytopathology assays in the hospital environment. However, its application is scarce in Veterinary Medicine, including in hospitals where intensive care is available. This study aims at conducting a case-by-case assessment of inconclusive and cancelled examinations in the Cytopathology Outpatient Clinic at UNESP (HV), Botucatu, Brazil, from 2012 to 2016 and ascertains the causes. For this purpose, a retrospective study was conducted for 9587 examinations in canines, of which 4.1% and 10.44% were inconclusive and cancelled, respectively. These results are not in line with ROSE, which foresees a total rate of 5% for these occurrences. The reasons for these high rates in the outpatient clinic were the lack of a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) and the relative inexperience of the residents in a university hospital. Therefore, with the adoption of the ROSE protocol for veterinary cytopathological examinations, together with adequate training for the outpatient professionals responsible for the examinations, the goals set forth by the ROSE protocol would be met and the rates of inconclusive and cancelled examinations would decrease considerably. Lastly, this study hopes to contribute towards the diagnosis and therapeutic protocols of the main diseases affecting dogs.

关键词： PAAF Inconclusive or Canceled Cytology Canine ROSE Rapid On-Site Evaluation

Development of Quality Control System for Fingerprint Comparison Processes

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journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2017年第2期3卷 49-54页

作者： Shiquan Liu Zhongliang Mi Francisco Valente Gongalves Jian Wu Kelly Ayers Institute of Evidence Law and Forensic Science China University of Political Science and LawBeijing epartment of Shanghai Police Shanghai Key Laboratory of Criminal Scene EvidenceShanghai epartment of Criminology University of LeicesterLeicesterUK College of Science Northeastern UniversityShenyangChina Department oi Forensic and investigative Science West Virginia UniversityMorgantownWVUSA

Fingerprint evidence played an important role in investigation,prosecution,and trial process due to the belief of its uniqueness and unchanged ***,in recent years,the science behind the process of fingerprint comparisons has been *** research questions have been focusing on the opaqueness within the comparison processes,subjective judgments,lack of universal standards,no error rate expression on final conclusions,and poor scientific fundamental research *** the above-mentioned questions,this paper aims to suggest a quality control system(QCS)for fingerprint comparison *** QCS is based on the use of software(PiAnoS)and its technological features,being able to provide a data management model to increase the transparency and quality of fingerprint comparison processes.

关键词： Fingerprint comparisons quality control systems standards in forensics

Expression of alpha smooth muscle actin in living donor liver transplant recipients

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第22期20卷 7067-7074页

作者： Masataka Hirabaru Kyoko Mochizuki Mitsuhisa Takatsuki Akihiko Soyama Taiichiro Kosaka Tamotsu Kuroki Isao Shimokawa Susmu Eguchi Department of Surgery Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasaki 852-8501Japan Department of investigative Pathology Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasaki 852-8501Japan

Recently,there have been reports from liver biopsies that showed the progression of liver fibrosis in liver transplant patients after the cessation of ***,we focused on activated hepatic stellate cells expressing alpha smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)to understand the correlation between immunosuppressant medication and liver *** study enrolled two pediatric patients who underwent living donor liver transplantation and ceased immunosuppressant *** number ofα-SMA-positive cells in the specimens obtained by liver biopsy from these two patients showed a three-fold increase compared with the number from four transplanted pediatric patients who were continuing immunosuppressant *** addition,theα-SMA-positive area evaluated using the WinRooF image processing software program continued toincrease over time in three adult transplanted patients with liver fibrosis,and theα-SMA-positive area was increasing even during the pre-fibrotic stage in these adult cases,according to a retrospective ***,α-SMA could be a useful marker for the detection of early stage fibrosis.

关键词： Living donor liver transplantation Liver fibrosis