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Dietary high protein-induced diarrhea and intestinal inflammation by activation of NF-kB signaling in piglets

Animal Nutrition 2021年第4期7卷 1070-1077页

作者： Lanmei Yin Jun Li Meiwei Wang Qiye Wang Jianzhong Li Nengshui Ding Huansheng Yang Yulong Yin Hunan International joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China Hunan Provincial Key laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-CentralMinistry of AgricultureHunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry ProductionKey Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangsha 410125China State Key laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat products Yinxiang GroupFujian Aonong Biological Science and Technology Group Co.Ltd.Key Laboratory of Swine Nutrition and Feed Science of Fujian ProvinceZhangzhou 363000China

The present study aimed to investigate whether inflammation-associated responses in piglets are induced by high protein(HP)through activating nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)*** piglets(35 d of age,Duroc×[Landrace×Yorkshire],weaned at d 21,initial BW=9.70±0.11 kg)were allocated to 18%and 26%CP(HP group)at random,comprising 8 replicate pens per *** piglets were slaughtered to collect intestinal tissues when apparent,persistent,and stable diarrhea syndromes happened(on d 12).No significant differences were observed in their growth performance(P>0.05),but reduction by 19.11%,25.31%,23.64%of ADFI,ADG,and G:F,respectively was detected in the HP *** HP group had greater(P=0.002)diarrhea ***,dietary HP had lower ileal villus height(VH;P=0.048),ratio of villus height to crypt depth(VH/CD ratio;P=0.016),and colonic CD(P=0.034),as well as had the trend(P=0.075)to reduce the ileal villus absorptive ***,HP diets significantly elevated the goblet cell numbers in the ileal villi(P=0.016)and colonic crypts(P<0.001)and up-regulated(P=0.012)the mRNA expression of mucin2(Muc2)in the *** addition,HP diets increased the myeloperoxidase concentration in the ileum(P=0.002)and colon(P=0.007)of *** HP significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α;P<0.001)in the ileum,induced nitric oxide synthase(iNOS;P=0.040)and interleukin-22(IL-22;P=0.008)in the colon,and inclined to down-regulate interleukin-1β(IL-1β;P=0.076)expression in the *** relative protein abundance of Galectin-3(P=0.046)in the colon and the ratio of phosphorylation NF-κB to NF-κB(p-NF=κB/NF-κB ratio)in the ileum of HP piglets were also greater(P=0.038).These results suggest that dietary HP may cause diarrhea in piglets by activating NF-icB signaling induced intestinal inflammation.

关键词： High protein Diarrhea Intestinal inflammation Piglet NF-kB signaling

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Measurement of ecological capital of Chinese terrestrial ecosystem based on remote sensing

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第6期48卷 786-796页

作者： PAN Yaozhong SHI Peijun ZHU Wenquan GU Xiaohe FAN Yida LI Jing Key laboratory of Environmental Change and natural Disaster of the Ministry of Education of China Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

The biosphere of the Earth is essential to human survival and *** services of ecosystems are critical to the functioning of the Earth’s life-support *** contribute to human welfare both directly and *** capital refers to the sum of the direct biological resources value and the indirect ecosystem services *** is necessary to estimate the ecological capital in order to bring it to the society and market economic system,and draw the social attention to ecological environment *** estimation model for eco-logical capital based on remote sensing is presented in this *** parameters in the model are quantitatively measured using NOAA/AVHRR and other ancillary data,including the land cover types,the vegetation coverage,and the vegetation net primary productivity(NPP)of ter-restrial *** on the economic parameters in previously published studies and a few original calculations,the annual ecological capital of the entire terrestrial ecosystem of China is quantitatively estimated at 6.44 trillion(10^(12))yuan(RMB),and the spatial distribution of the eco-logical capital is also *** ecological methods to ecological capital measurement are based on homogeneous plot scales,and the regional scaling is a key problem in their *** the proposed remote sensing approach,it provides a new method to ecological capital measurement completely based on observation *** can not only overcome the re-gional scaling problem easily,but also allows the ecological capital to be estimated objectively and spatial-explicitly.

关键词： terrestrial ecosystem ecological capital remote sensing quantitative measurement.

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Enterococcus faecalis provides protection during scavenging in carrion crow (Corvus corone)

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Zoological Research 2024年第3期45卷 451-463页

作者： Bin Hu Jia-Min Wang Qing-Xun Zhang Jing Xu Ya-Nan Xing Bo Wang Shu-Yi Han Hong-Xuan He CAS Key laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Beijing Milu ecological Research Center Beijing 102600China Beijing capital International Airport Co. Ltd.Beijing 101300China

The gut microbiota significantly influences host physiology and provides essential ecosystem *** diet can affect the composition of the gut microbiota,the gut microbiota can also help the host adapt to specific dietary *** carrion crow(Corvus corone),an urban facultative scavenger bird,hosts an abundance of pathogens due to its scavenging *** this,carrion crows infrequently exhibit illness,a phenomenon related to their unique physiological *** present,however,the role of the gut microbiota remains incompletely *** this study,we performed a comparative analysis using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technology to assess colonic content in carrion crows and 16 other bird species with different diets in Beijing,*** findings revealed that the dominant gut microbiota in carrion crows was primarily composed of Proteobacteria(75.51%)and Firmicutes(22.37%).Significant differences were observed in the relative abundance of Enterococcus faecalis among groups,highlighting its potential as a biomarker of facultative scavenging behavior in carrion ***,*** isolated from carrion crows was transplanted into model mice to explore the protective effects of this bacterial community against Salmonella enterica *** showed that *** down-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interferon gamma(IFN-γ),and interleukin 6(IL-6),prevented *** colonization,and regulated the composition of gut microbiota in mice,thereby modulating the host’s immune regulatory ***,*** exerts immunoregulatory and anti-pathogenic functions in carrion crows engaged in scavenging behavior,offering a representative case of how the gut microbiota contributes to the protection of hosts with specialized diets.

关键词： Carrion crow Facultative scavenger Gut microbiota Enterococcus faecalis 16S rRNA sequencing

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New insights into FeS/persulfate system for tetracycline elimination:Iron valence,homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions and degradation pathways

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第2期34卷 48-58页

作者： Jinhong Fan Ying Cai Shihao Shen Lin Gu State Key laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and ecological Security Shanghai 200092China

In this study,complete tetracycline(TTC)and above 50%of total organic carbon(TOC)were removed by Fe S/PS after 30 min under optimized *** free radicals and high-valent iron ions were identified to generate in the process,the apparent similarity between intermediate products of Fe S/PS,Fe/PS,and UV/PS systems demonstrated that the degradation of TTC was due to sulfate radicals(SO_(4)·^(-))and hydroxyl radicals(·OH).Based on the reaction between free radicals and organic matter,we speculated that TTC in the Fe S/PS system was decomposed and mineralized by dehydration,dehydrogenation,hydroxyl addition,demethylation,substitution,E-transfer,and ***,a new understanding of Fe S-mediated PS activation based on stoichiometry and kinetic analysis showed that there were both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions that occurred in the entire ***,due to the effect of p H on the dissolution of iron ions,the homogeneous reaction became the principal process with iron ions concentration exceeding 1.35 mg/*** work provides a theoretical basis for the study of the degradation of TTC-containing wastewater by the iron-based advanced oxidation process.

关键词： Tetracycline Persulfate activation Iron valence Homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions Degradation pathways

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High-solid anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge:achievements and perspectives

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第4期15卷 1-18页

作者： Ying Xu Hui Gong Xiaohu Dai State Key laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai200092China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and ecological Security Shanghai200092China

High-solid anaerobic digestion(HS-AD)has been applied extensively during the last few decades for treating various organic wastes,such as agricultural wastes,organic fractions of municipal solid wastes,and kitchen ***,the application of HS-AD to the processing of sewage sludge(SS)remains limited,which is largely attributable to its poor process stability and *** research has been conducted to attempt to surmount these *** this review,the main factors affecting process stability and performance in the HS-AD of SS are comprehensively reviewed,and the improved methods in current use,such as HS sludge pre-treatment and anaerobic co-digestion with other organic wastes,are ***,this paper also discusses the characteristics of substance transformation in the HS-AD of SS with and without thermal *** has shown that the HS effect is due to the presence of high concentrations of substances that may inhibit the function of anaerobic microorganisms,and that it also results in poor mass transfer,a low diffusion coefficient,and high ***,knowledge gaps in the current research on HS-AD of SS are *** on these,it proposes that future efforts should be devoted to standardising the definition of HS sludge,revealing the law of migration and transformation of pollutants,describing the metabolic pathways by which specific substances are degraded,and establishing accurate mathematical ***,developing green sludge dewatering agents,obtaining high value-added products,and revealing effects of the above two on HS-AD of SS can also be considered in future.

关键词： High-solid effect Anaerobic fermentation Methane production Biodegradability Sludge treatment

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Selective lithium recovery from black powder of spent lithiumion batteries via sulfation reaction:phase conversion and impurities influence

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Rare Metals 2023年第7期42卷 2350-2360页

作者： Hao Liu Jia-Liang Zhang Guo-Qiang Liang Meng Wang Yong-Qiang Chen Cheng-Yan Wang State Key laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China School of Metallurgical and ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Beijing Key laboratory of Green Recycling and Extraction of Metals Beijing100083China

The aim of this study is to present a new understanding for the selective lithium recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)via sulfation *** composition of roasting products and reaction behavior of impurity elements were analyzed through thermodynamic ***,the effects of sulfuric acid dosage,roasting temperature,roasting time,and impurity elements were assessed on the leaching efficiency of valuable *** methods such as X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM-EDS),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)were employed to analyze the phase transformation mechanism during roasting *** results indicate that after sulfation roasting(n(H_(2)SO_(4)):n(Li)=0.5,550℃,2 h),94%lithium can be selectively recovered by water leaching and more than 95%Ni,Co,and Mn can be leached through acid leaching without the addition of reduction *** the sulfation roasting process,the lithium in LiNi_(x)Mn_(y)Co_zO_(2)is mainly converted to Li_(2)SO_(4),while the Ni,Co and Mn are first transformed to sulfate and then converted into oxide *** addition,impurity elements such as Al and F will combine with lithium to form LiF and LiAlO_(2),which will reduce the leaching rate of *** results provide a new understanding on the mechanisms of phase conversion during sulfation roasting and reveal the influence of impurity elements for the lithium recovery from spent LIBs.

关键词： Spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) Thermodynamic calculations Sulfation roasting Impurity elements Conversion mechanism

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Electrorefining of aluminum in urea-imidazole chloride-aluminum chloride ionic liquids

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Journal of Central South University 2024年第9期31卷 3079-3089页

作者： JIANG Yan-ying LIU Ai-min TANG Zi-rui LU Xiao-qing LIU Feng-guo HU Xian-wei SHI Zhong-ning Key laboratory of ecological Metallurgy of Multimetallic Mineral Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China

The electrochemical behavior of Al(Ⅲ)in urea-1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride-aluminum chloride(urea-BMIC-AlCl_(3))ionic liquids,and the effect of potential and temperature on the characterization of cathode products,current efficiency and energy consumption of aluminum electrorefining have been *** voltammetry showed that the electrochemical reduction of Al(Ⅲ)was a one-step three-electron-transfer irreversible reaction,and the electrochemical reaction was controlled by *** diffusion coefficient of Al(Ⅲ)in urea-BMIC-AlCl_(3)ionic liquids at 313 K was 1.94×10^(−7)cm^(2)/*** 7075 aluminum alloy was used as an anode for electrorefining,and the cathode products were analyzed by XRD,SEM and *** results from XRD analysis indicated that the main phase of the cathode products was *** results from SEM and EDS characterization revealed that the cathode product obtained by electrorefining−1.2 V(***)was dense and uniform,and the mass fraction of aluminum decreased from 99.61%to 99.10%as the experimental temperature increased from 313 K to 333 *** this work,the optimum experimental conditions were−1.2 V(***)and 313 *** this time,the cathode current efficiency was 97.80%,while the energy consumption was 3.72 kW·h/kg.

关键词： ionic liquids electrorefining aluminum cyclic voltammetry

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Historical Sediment Record of ^(137)Cs, δ-HCH, and δ^(13)C Reflects the Impact of Land Use on Soil Erosion

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第4期11卷 866-874页

作者： TANG Xiang-Yu ZHANG Xin-Bao GUAN Zhuo LONG Yi TANG Qiang Lü Yu-Juan Key laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and ecological Regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering Northwest A&F University

This paper reports the concentrations of 137Cs, hexaehlorocyclohexane （HCH）, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes （DDT） and its main degradation products, δ3C, and organic carbon in pond sediments （O-210 cm, sectioned by 2-20 cm interval） and surface soils （the 0-3 cm horizon） collected in 2OlO from Chenjia catchment, which is located in Yanting county in the hilly central Sichuan of China. α-, β-, and γ-HCH, DDT, and DDD were not detected throughout the sediment profile. Trace concentrations of δ-HCH （0.89-29.31 ng g^-1） and p,p＇- DDE （1.85-6.02 ng g^-1） were detected only in top 40 cm sediment. The 137Cs fallout peak in 1963 （corresponding to the 55-60 cm depth）, the sedimentary signature left by the last year of HCH use in 1989 （an additional indicator at 20-25 cm）, and the obvious original channel bed prior to the construction of the pond in 1956 were used as temporal markers to estimate changes in average sedimentation rate between different periods due to changes in land use. Continuous, marked decrease in average sedimentation rate （i.e., 3.79, 1.35 and 1.07 cm year-1 in 1956-1963, 1963-1989, and 1989-2010, respectively） over time was observed, probably due to the reforestation, abandoning of steep sloping farmland for afforestation and natural re-vegetation （implementation of the Grain for Green Program）, and the conversion of part of gently sloping farmlandterraces to orchard land since the 1980s, especially since the 1990s. This was corroborated by the observed decrease （more negative） in δ3C of sediment towards the surface, which indicates increased relative contribution of eroded soil particles coming from slopes with increased tree cover in sediment source area. Combined use of 137Cs, δ-HCH, and δ3C record in sediments has been demonstrated to be a powerful approach to reconstruction of response in sedimentation rate to historical land use changes.

关键词： Cesium-137 Hexaehlorocyclohexane(HCH) Sedimentation history Land use

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Dietary butyrate,lauric acid and stearic acid improve gut morphology and epithelial cell turnover in weaned piglets

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第4期11卷 276-282页

作者： Xianglin Zeng Yuan Yang Junmin Wang Zhaobin Wang Jun Li Yulong Yin Huansheng Yang Hunan International joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health Animal Nutrition and Human Health LaboratorySchool of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangshaHunan 410081China Hunan Provincial Key laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionHunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy LivestockScientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-CentralMinistry of AgricultureInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangshaHunan 410125China State Key laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat products Yinxiang GroupFujian Aonong Biological Science and Technology Group Co.Ltd.Key Laboratory of Swine Nutrition and Feed Science of Fujian ProvinceAonong GroupZhangzhouFujian 363000China College of Pharmacy Changsha Medical UniversityChangshaHunan410219China

This study was to evaluate the effects of the supplementation of saturated fatty acids with different chain lengths on growth performance,intestinal morphology,epithelial cell proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis in weaned ***-two weaned piglets(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire,BW=7.81±0.26 kg)were weaned at 21 d and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 experimental treatments:(1)a basal diet(control);(2)control+0.3% butyrate(BT);(3)control+0.3%lauric acid(LA);(4)control+0.3% stearic acid(SA).All piglets were then slaughtered for tissue sampling after having been fed experimental diets for 28 d after *** of BT increased the gain-to-feed ratio(G:F)(P<0.05)compared to piglets fed the control diet from 14 to 28 *** addition,the villus height(VH)to crypt depth(CD)ratio(VH:CD ratio)of the ileum were higher in the BT and LA diets than that of the control diet(P<0.05).The SA-supplemented diet increased ileal VH(P<0.05),whereas the BT-supplemented diet increased jejunal CD(P<0.05).Compared to the control,diets supplemented with BT,LA,or SA all tended to increase jejunal proliferation(Ki67/crypt positive cells)(P=0.190);diets supplemented with BT or SA significantly increased the number of ki67-positive cells in the ileal crypt(P<0.05).Furthermore,in the jejunum,the protein expression of activated caspase 3 and villin were increased in piglets fed BT,LA,or SA diets compared to those on the control diet(P<0.05).In the ileum,compared with the control diet,the BT diet tended to increase the protein level of mammalian phosphorylation target of rapamycin(p-m TOR,P<0.10);LA or SA diets significantly increased p-m TOR protein expression(P<0.05).These results show that dietary supplementation of BT,LA,or SA promotes jejunal cell renewal in weaned *** the same time,increased proliferation of ileal crypt cells by promoting p-m TOR expression has beneficial effects on ileal morphology in weaned piglets.

关键词： Weaned piglet Saturated fatty acid Growth performance Intestinal morphology Proliferation

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Source apportionment of PM_(2.5)and visibility in Jinan,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第4期33卷 207-215页

作者： Mengtian Cheng Guiqian Tang Bo Lv Xingru Li Xinrui Wu Yiming Wang Yuesi Wang Key laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of Ministry of Education College of Atmospheric SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China State Key laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry(LAPC) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Jinan ecological and Environment Monitoring Center of Shandong Province Jinan 250000China capital Normal University Beijing 100048China

Atmospheric extinction is impacted by the chemical composition of *** better understand the chemical composition of PM_(2.5)(particles with diameters of less than 2.5μm)and its relationship with extinction,one-month sampling campaigns were carried out in four different seasons from 2013 to 2014 in Jinan,*** seasonal average concentrations of PM_(2.5)were 120.9(autumn),156.6(winter),102.5(spring),and 111.8μg/m^(3)(summer).The reconstructed PM_(2.5)chemical composition showed that sulfate,nitrate,chlorine salt,organic matter(OM),mineral dust,elemental carbon(EC)and others accounted for 25%,14%,2%,24%,22%,3%and 10%,*** relationship between the chemical composition of PM_(2.5)and visibility was reconstructed by the IMPROVE method,and ammonium sulfate,ammonium nitrate,OM and EC dominated the *** main sources were resolved for PM_(2.5),including secondary particles,coal combustion,biomass burning,industry,motor vehicle exhaust,soil dust and cooking,which accounted for 37%,21%,13%,13%,12%,3%and 1%,*** contributions of different sources to visibility were similar to those to PM_(2.5).With increasing severity of air pollution,the contributions of secondary particles and coal combustion increased,while the contribution of motor vehicle exhaust *** results showed that coal combustion and biomass burning were still the main sources of air pollution in Jinan.

关键词： PM_(2.5) Jinan Source apportionment Extinction

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