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Low-temperature chlorination roasting technology for the simultaneous recovery of valuable metals from spent LiCoO_(2)cathode material

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 80-91页

作者： Junjie Shi Changle Hou Jingjing Dong Dong Chen Jianzhong Li Key laboratory for ecological Metallurgy of Multimetallic Mineral(Ministry of Education) Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China School of Metallurgy Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China

With the continuous increase in the disposal volume of spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),properly recycling spent LIBs has become essential for the advancement of the circular *** study presents a systematic analysis of the chlorination roasting kinetics and proposes a new two-step chlorination roasting process that integrates thermodynamics for the recycling of LIB cathode *** activation energy for the chloride reaction was 88.41 kJ/mol according to thermogravimetric analysis–derivative thermogravimetry data obtained by using model-free,model-fitting,and Z(α)function(αis conversion rate).Results indicated that the reaction was dominated by the first-order(F1)model when the conversion rate was less than or equal to 0.5 and shifted to the second-order(F2)model when the conversion rate exceeded *** conditions were determined by thoroughly investigating the effects of roasting temperature,roasting time,and the mass ratio of NH_(4)Cl to LiCoO_(2).Under the optimal conditions,namely 400℃,20 min,and NH_(4)Cl/LiCoO_(2)mass ratio of 3:1,the leaching efficiency of Li and Co reached 99.43% and 99.05%,*** of the roasted products revealed that valuable metals in LiCoO_(2)transformed into CoCl_(2) and ***,the reaction mechanism was elucidated,providing insights for the establishment of a novel low-temperature chlorination roasting technology based on a crystal structure *** technology can guide the development of LIB recycling processes with low energy consumption,low secondary pollution,high recovery efficiency,and high added value.

关键词： spent lithium-ion battery thermodynamics chlorination roasting kinetics circular economy

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The Nature-Based ecological Engineering Paradigm: Symbiosis, Coupling, and Coordination

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Engineering 2022年第12期19卷 14-21页

作者： Xiahui Wang Jinnan Wang Bo Wang Benjamin Burkhard Lulu Che Chao Dai Lijie Zheng Institute of ecological Conservation and Restoration Chinese Academy of Environmental PlanningBeijing 100012China joint laboratory of ecological products and natural capital Beijing 100012China Center of Biodiversity and Nature Reserves Chinese Academy of Environmental PlanningBeijing 100012China Institute of Physical Geography and Landscape Ecology Leibniz University HannoverHannover LS 30167Germany

*** We are currently facing three major ecological threats on a global scale:biodiversity loss,climate change,and environmental pollution *** degradation of terrestrial and marine ecosystems poses a major risk to human survival and development,brings serious impacts to the wellbeing of 3.2 billion people,and causes the loss of about 10%of the annual global gross domestic product(GDP)[1,2].Meanwhile,the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic is still spreading rapidly throughout the world,showing that the present relationship between humans and nature is *** is necessary to protect nature so as to maintain the self-resilience of ecosystems.

关键词： ecological ecosystems maintain

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Sediment source-to-sink process variations of sandy-muddy transitional beaches and their morphological indications

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2023年第7期42卷 10-24页

作者： Shaohua Zhao Feng Cai Hongshuai Qi Jianhui Liu Chao Cao Gen Liu Gang Lei laboratory of Ocean and Coast Geology Third Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesXiamen 361005China Key laboratory of Marine ecological Conservation and Restoration Ministry of Natural ResourcesXiamen 361005China Fujian Provincial Key laboratory of Marine ecological Conservation and Restoration Xiamen 361005China

The clay mineralogy of 28 sandy-muddy transitional beach(SMT-Beach)sediments and surrounding mountain river sediments along the coasts of southeastern China was systematically investigated to reveal the sediment source-to-sink process variations of such beaches and their morphological *** results show that the clay mineral assemblages of these SMT-Beaches mainly comprise of almost equal illite(~30%),kaolinite(~28%),chlorite(~22%),and smectite(~20%)*** the surrounding mountain rivers to the SMT-Beaches,clay mineral assemblages show distinct spatial changes characterized by a large decrease(~40%)in kaolinite,whereas the other three clay minerals present relative increases,especially clear for *** muddy sediment sources of SMT-Beaches inferred from the clay mineralogy are mainly derived from nearby mountain rivers coupled with long-distance transport and penetration of the Changjiang *** sandy sediments of these beaches are predominantly sourced from nearby mountain rivers,the weathering products of surrounding rocks in both mainland and island environments,and erosion of the“Old Red Sand”and“Red Soil Platform”.However,the sandy sediment sources of the SMT-Beaches are largely reduced because of the remarkable decrease in the river fluvial supply associated with intensive human activities such as dam construction and coastal ***,the sandy sections of SMT-Beaches present clear erosion and have revealed by both time series remote sensing images and a compilation of published *** contrast,the muddy sediment supply of SMT-Beaches is temporarily stable and relatively constant,resulting in the landward migration of the mudflats with relative transgression or *** findings highlight that the natural evolution processes of SMT-Beaches have been greatly reshaped by intensive human activities.

关键词： sandy-muddy transitional beach clay mineral sediment source human activity fluvial discharge morphological evolution

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House dust mite allergens and nitrated products: Identification and risk assessment in indoor dust

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第2期124卷 198-204页

作者： Fan Xu Jingyi Tian Fangxing Yang Key laboratory of Environment Remediation and ecological Health Ministry of EducationCollege of Natural Resources and Environmental ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Air pollutants can potentially lead to nitration of allergic proteins,thus promoting sensitization of these ***,little is currently known about the nitration status of house dust mite(HDM)*** identified the occurrence of nitrated products of two major HDM allergens Der f 1 and Der p 1 in dust samples collected from college dormitories in eastern China and assessed their associated health *** results showed that both non-nitrated and nitrated forms of the two allergens were detected in the dust in the range of non-detected(ND)-10.6,1.44-15.4,ND-22.4,ND-7.28μg/g for non-nitrated Der f 1,nitrated Der f 1,non-nitrated Der p 1 and nitrated Der p 1,*** median rates of nitration were determined as 74.0%for Der f 1 and 20.4% for Der p 1 at consideration of one nitration *** analysis reveals that the levels of HDM allergens and their nitrated products were found to be generally higher during winter,in dormitories of lower altitude and with female ***,the calculated risk indexes were at considerably high *** findings suggest that nitrated HDM allergens have already accumulated in the environment at such significant levels and their associated health risk calls for our immediate attention.

关键词： Allergen Air pollution Health risk House dust mite(HDM) Nitration

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Cell cycles and proliferation patterns in Haematococcus pluvialis

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2017年第5期35卷 1205-1211页

作者：张春辉刘建国张立涛 National & Local joint Engineering laboratory of ecological Mariculture Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences National-Local joint Engineering Research Center for Haematococcus pluvialis and Astaxanthin products Yunnan Alphy Biotech Co. Ltd.

Most studies on Haematococcus pluvialis have been focused on cell growth and astaxanthin accumulation;far less attention has been paid to cell cycles and proliferation *** purpose of this study was to clarify cell cycles and proliferation patterns in *** microscopically using a camera and video recorder *** complicated life history of *** i s can be divided into two stages:the motile stage and the non-motile *** the cells can be classifi ed into forms as follows:motile cell,nonmotile cell,zoospore and *** main cell proliferation,both in the motile phase and non-motile phase in ***,is by asexual *** normal growth conditions,a motile cell usually produces two,sometimes four,and exceptionally eight *** unfavorable conditions,the motile cell loses its fl agella and transforms into a non-motile cell,and the non-motile cell usually produces 2,4 or 8 aplanospores,and occasionally 20–32 aplanospores,which further develop into non-motile *** suitable conditions,the non-motile cell is also able to release *** larger non-motile cells produce more than 16 zoospores,and the smaller ones produce 4 or 8 *** reproduction is by direct cell division in the motile phase and by occasional cell budding in the non-motile *** is,as yet,no convincing direct evidence for sexual reproduction.

关键词： Haematococcus pluvialis cell cycle proliferation patterns

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Development trends of environmental protection technologies for Chinese steel industry

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2017年第3期24卷 235-242页

作者： Hai-feng Wang Chun-xia Zhang Jun-mao Qie Ji-cheng Zhou Yang Liu Xiu-ping Li Fang-qin Shangguan State Key laboratory of Advanced Steel Processing and products Central Iron and Steel Research Institute School of ecological and Metallurgical Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing

Chinese steel industry has made significant progress on reducing fresh water consumption and CO_2/SO_2/COD（ chemical oxygen demand） /dust emissions,and improving comprehensive utilization of solid waste. Some steel companies have become topped worldwide. However,due to the large output quantity of crude steel,the whole steel industry is still a huge source of pollutants. At present,environmental protection standards are encountering challenges of lack of technical support,taxation policy and other issues. Steel industry is currently facing enormous environmental pressure. The development trends of environmental protection technologies were studied by summarizing different development stages. To realize the development targets,the industry needs to carry out its research with independent intellectual property rights,develop comprehensive management systems and establish ecological chain with other industries. This can not only raise the level of environmental protection in a broader range,but also improve the energy efficiency of iron and steel plants and increase added value of waste utilization. Finally,23 environmental protection technologies were proposed and 4 new environmental protection practices were studied.

关键词： Environmental protection technology Chinese steel industry Development trend ecological chain Environmental status Environmental protection practice

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Thermodynamic functions and growth constants of web-like ZnO nanostructures

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2013年第27期58卷 3380-3384页

作者： WANG LuDe LIU ShaoGang LIU XiaoLin LIU ZuoJiao MA Zhao HUANG ZaiYin College of Chemistry & ecological Engineering Guangxi University for Nationalities Guangxi Key laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest products

Web-like ZnO nanostructures have been successfully synthesized using the potassium nitrate route at various temperatures to simplify conventional preparation methods. The structures and morphologies of the as-prepared products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The results showed that the reaction temperature was an important parameter, and that there was a feedback effect between nano-structure and growth parameters, combined with in situ micro-calorimetry, the reaction rate constants of the three systems were found to have been: 2.43×10-6, 2.70×10-8 and 3.12×10-7s-1 respectively. Furthermore, based on the relationship governing the potential differences between nanoand bulk ZnO, thermodynamic functions of nano-ZnO such as standard molar entropy (Sm,ZnO(nano)), standard molar Gibbs free energy of formation (△rGm,ZnO(nano)), and standard molar enthalpy of formation (△rHm,ZnO(nano)) have been calculated by the electrochemical method.

关键词：纳米氧化锌反应速率常数纳米结构热力学函数标准摩尔生成焓场发射扫描电子显微镜网络状 Gibbs自由能

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A wide hybrid zone mediated by precipitation contributed to confused geographical structure of Scutiger boulengeri

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Zoological Research 2023年第1期44卷 3-19页

作者： Xiu-Qin Lin Yin-Meng Hou Wei-Zhao Yang Sheng-Chao Shi Pu-Yang Zheng Chung-Kun Shih Jian-Ping Jiang Feng Xie CAS Key laboratory of Mountain ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengduSichuan 610041China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Life Sciences Capital Normal UniversityBeijing 100048China Department of Paleobiology National Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian InstitutionWashington DC 20013–7012USA Mangkang Biodiversity and ecological Station Xizang Ecological Safety Monitor NetworkChangduXizang 854500China

Confused geographical structure of a population and mitonuclear discordance are shaped by a combination of rapid changes in population demographics and shifts in *** this study,we generated a time-calibrated phylogeny of Scutiger boulengeri,an endemic Xizang alpine toad occurring in mountain streams on the Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau(QTP).Based on three mitochondrial DNA(mt DNA)genes,eight clades were assigned to three deeply divergent *** of nuclear DNA(nu DNA)genes revealed three distinct clusters without geographic structure,indicating significantly high rates of gene *** theory framework analysis(approximate Bayesian computation model DIYABC and Migrate-N)suggested that divergence of the main intraspecific clusters was the result of hybridization after secondary contact in the Holocene around 0.59 million years ago(Ma).The ratio of mt DNA FST(fixation index)to nu DNA FST was 2.3,thus failing to show male-biased *** cline analysis showed that a wide hybrid zone was initially established in southwestern China,without significant reproductive isolation but with strong introgression in ***,suggesting high hybrid ***,mt DNA genes exhibited isolation by distance(IBD)while nu DNA genes exhibited significant isolation by environment(IBE).Results suggested that mitonuclear discordance may have initially been caused by geographic isolation,followed by precipitation-mediated hybridization,producing a wide hybrid zone and geographic structure confusion of nu DNA genes in *** study indicated that complicated historical processes may have led to specific genetic patterns,with a specific climate factor facilitating gene flow in the system.

关键词： Hybrid zone Mitonuclear discordance Precipitation Genetic structure Secondary contact

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Model of Iron Ore Sintering Based on Melt and Mineral Formation

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2015年第4期22卷 288-296页

作者： Jun ZHANG Xing-min GUO Yuan-hong QI Ding-liu YAN School of Metallurgical and ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing State Key laboratory of Advanced Steel Processes and products Central Iron and Steel Research Institute

A model of iron ore sintering was built with consideration of fuel combustion, catalysis of sinter mixture as well as formation of melt and mineral, which was verified via sintering pot tests and showed a good fit to the experi- mental results. The effect of bed depth on temperature was reflected by the residence time in high-temperature zone, rather than the top value of the temperature, which was weakened by melt formation as well as hematite decomposi- tion. Moreover, the effect of bed depth, fuel content and distribution on sintering process was different, which was reflected by temperature profiles and the rule of calcium ferrite formation. The formation of melt as well as magnetite was a process which was decided by kinetic factors, while the formation of calcium ferrite was related to fuel blend- ing conditions, which is determined by thermodynamics when the fuel ratio inside sinter granules is low or fuel con- tent is high, otherwise, it is determined by kinetics.

关键词： sintering modell iron ore melt mineral composition fuel combustion

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Inclusions and solidification structures of high pure ferritic stainless steels dual stabilized by niobium and titanium

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Rare Metals 2014年第6期33卷 761-766页

作者： Hong-Po Wang Li-Feng Sun Jun-Jie Shi Cheng-Jun Liu Mao-Fa Jiang Chi Zhang Key laboratory for ecological Metallurgy of Multimetallic Ores(Ministry of Education) Northeastern University

As the raw materials in the post process of rolling and heat treatment, ingots have great effects on the properties of the final products. Inclusions and solidification structures are the most important aspects of the quality of ingots. Niobium and titanium are usually used to react with carbon and nitrogen to improve the properties of ferritic stainless steels. In this research, combined with thermodynamic calculation, effects of niobium and titanium on the inclusions and solidification structures in three kinds of high pure ferritic stainless steels with different titanium additions were investigated by optical microscope（OM）, scanning electron microscope（SEM）, transmission electron microscope（TEM）, and energy disperse spectrometer（EDS）. Results show that Al2O3 and a few（Nb,Ti）N particles form when titanium addition is 0.01 %.Furthermore, inclusions are mainly Ti N and Al2O3–Ti Ox–Ti N duplex inclusions when titanium addition is more than0.10 %. Those two types of inclusions are in well distribution, and can afford nuclei to the solidification ***, the ratio of equiaxed zone increases with the increase of titanium addition. The ratio increases from42.1 % to 64.0 % with the titanium addition increasing from 0.01 % to 0.10 %, and it increases to 85.7 % when the titanium addition reaches 0.34 %.

关键词： High pure ferritic stainless steel Inclusion Solidification structure Equiaxed zone Stabilization element

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