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Overview of in-situ oxygen production technologies for lunar resources

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第2期32卷 233-255页

作者： Youpeng Xu Sheng Pang Liangwei Cong Guoyu Qian Dong Wang Laishi Li Yusheng Wu Zhi Wang College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenyang University of TechnologyShenyang 110870China CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering National Engineering Research Center for Green Recycling of Strategic Metal ResourcesInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Innovation academy for Green Manufacture Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Chemical Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The rich resources and unique environment of the Moon make it an ideal location for human expansion and the utilization of extraterrestrial ***,crucial for supporting human life on the Moon,can be extracted from lunar regolith,which is highly rich in oxygen and contains polymetallic *** oxygen and metal extraction can be achieved using existing metallurgical ***,the ample reserves of water ice on the Moon offer another means for oxygen *** paper offers a detailed overview of the leading technologies for achieving oxygen production on the Moon,drawing from an analysis of lunar resources and environmental *** delves into the principles,processes,advantages,and drawbacks of water-ice electrolysis,two-step oxygen production from lunar regolith,and one-step oxygen production from lunar *** two-step methods involve hydrogen reduction,carbothermal reduction,and hydrometallurgy,while the one-step methods encompass fluorination/chlorination,high-temperature decomposition,molten salt electrolysis,and molten regolith electrolysis(MOE).Following a thorough comparison of raw materials,equipment,technology,and economic viability,MOE is identified as the most promising approach for future in-situ oxygen production on the *** the corrosion characteristics of molten lunar regolith at high temperatures,along with the Moon's low-gravity environment,the development of inexpensive and stable inert anodes and electrolysis devices that can easily collect oxygen is critical for promoting MOE technology on the *** review significantly contributes to our understanding of in-situ oxygen production technologies on the Moon and supports upcoming lunar exploration initiatives.

关键词： lunar resources in-situ oxygen production space metallurgy molten lunar regolith electrolysis

A comparison of emissive and cold floating probe techniques for electric potential measurements in rf inductive discharge

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Plasma Science and Technology 2019年第4期21卷 94-98页

作者： Yaroslav MURZAEV Gen nadii LIZIAKIN An drey GAVRIKOV Rinat TIMIRKHANOV Valentin SMIRNOV joint institute for high temperatures of the russian academy of sciences 125412Izhorskaya 13Bd 2MoscowRussia

A cold floating probe method was compared with the emissive floating probe method in terms of a low-pressure radio-frequency inductive *** dependences of difference between the plasma potential and the floating potential on the electron temperature 1-8 eV,plasma density 109-1012 cm 3 and magnetic field 100-650 G were *** was demonstrated that the difference between the potentials that obtained by these two methods can differ significantly from the expected value of 5.2 kTe/e for argon.

关键词： emissive probe floating probe rf inductive discharge plasma potential measurement

On the ground state energy of the inhomogeneous Bose gas

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Frontiers of physics 2017年第3期12卷 197-201页

作者： V. B. Bobrov S. A. Trigger joint institute for high temperatures Russian Academy of Sciences 13/19 Izhorskaia Str. Moscow 125412 Russia

Within the self-consistent Hartree^Fock approximation, an explicit in this approximation expression for the ground state energy of inhomogeneous Bose gas is derived as a functional of the inhomogeneous density of the Bose-Einstein condensate. The results obtained are based on existence of the off-diagonal long-range order in the single-particle density matrix for systems with a Bose-Einstein condensate. This makes it possible to avoid the use of anomalous averages. The explicit form of the kinetic energy, which differs from one in the Gross-Pitaevski approach, is found. The obtained form of kinetic energy is valid beyond the Hartree--Fock approximation and can be applied for arbitrary strong interparticle interaction.

关键词： Bose condensation elementary excitations single-particle Green function density-density Green function thermodynamic energy

Ignition of nanothermites by a laser diode pulse

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2022年第2期18卷 194-204页

作者： Alexander Yu.Dolgoborodov Vladimir G.Kirilenko Michael A.Brazhnikov Leonid I.Grishin Michael L.Kuskov Georgii E.Valyano joint institute for high temperatures Russian Academy of SciencesRussia N.Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of SciencesRussia National Research Nuclear University MEPhI Moscow Russia

Experimental investigation has been carried out for laser ignition and combustion of nanothermites based on aluminum and oxides of copper,bismuth and *** mixing of nanosized powders was used to produce *** thermite ignition,initiating laser pulse with a maximum intensity of 770 W/cm2 was generated by a laser diode with a wavelength of 808 *** ignition delay times,the minimum initiation energy density,and the average burning rate at various thermite densities and mass fractions of components were determined by recording the emission of radiation of the reaction products using a multichannel pyrometer jointly with a high-speed video *** effect of adding carbon black on the threshold parameters of a laser pulse was also *** on the obtained results,certain assumptions were put forward with regard to the mechanism of nanothermites’ignition by laser radiation and their *** particular,the assumptions were made on the two-stage process of the reaction initiation and jet burning mechanism of porous nanothermites.

关键词： Nanothermites Laser ignition Burning rate Ignition delay

Continuous high-temperature rapid nanomanufacturing of electrocatalysts

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Nano Research 2025年第1期18卷 225-235页

作者： Xiaoyang Wang Ziyi Luo Baihua Cui Ziqi Fu Yanchang Liu Weidi Liu Jia Ding Jianrong Zeng Yanan ChenWenbin Hu School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China Australian institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaBrisbane 4072Australia Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201204China Shanghai institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China

Encapsulating metal nanoparticles in carbon shells(Metal@C)to enhance catalytic activity and stability has been certified ***,most existing methods for preparing Metal@C are complex,time-consuming,and lack of *** this study,a novel method that couples the high-temperature shock(HTS)with ultrasonic spray pyrolysis is reported,which can realize facile and scalable production of various Metal@C through the pyrolysis of glucose and metal chloride *** proposed HTS ultrasonic spray pyrolysis offers several advantages,including compact size,short reaction time(~120 ms),and uniform *** the Ni@C-40 nanocomposite as an example,the ultrasmall Ni nanoparticles(~10 nm)with thin carbon protective shells(~2 nm)are uniformly dispersed in the carbon matrix and applied for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in alkaline *** Ni@C-40 optimized by tuning the thickness of carbon shell exhibits significantly enhanced OER activity with low overpotential of 242 mV at 10 mA·cm^(-2) and stability,which is attributed to the optimized interactions between Ni nanoparticles and carbon *** method also shows promise for continuous pyrolysis synthesis of various extreme materials at ultra-high temperatures using alternative electric heating materials.

关键词： ultrasonic spray pyrolysis high-temperature shock carbon shell oxygen evolution reaction Metal@C nanocomposite

CONJUGATE MODEL FOR HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER OF POROUS WALL IN THE high TEMPERATURE GAS FLOW

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2001年第3期17卷 245-250页

作者： A.F.Polyakov D. L. Reviznikov 沈青唐锦荣魏叔如 institute of high temperatures Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia Moscow Aviation institute (Technical University) Moscow Russia LHD Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China 100080

Heat and mass transfer of a porous permeable wall in a high temperature gas dynamical flow is considered. Numerical simulation is conducted on the ground of the conjugate mathematical model which includes filtration and heat transfer equations in a porous body and boundary layer equations on its surface. Such an approach enables one to take into account complex interaction between heat and mass transfer in the gasdynamical flow and in the structure subjected to this flow. The main attention is given to the impact of the intraporous heat transfer intensity on the transpiration cooling efficiency.

关键词： heat and mass transfer porous media conjugate model high temperature gas flow

Regimes of near-stoichiometric hydrogen/air combustion under reciprocating engine conditions

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2022年第10期23卷 838-844页

作者： Anna E.SMYGALINA Alexey D.KIVERIN joint institute for high temperatures of the russian academy of sciences Moscow 125412Russia

1Introduction Hydrogen/air combustion is a problem both in respect of its fundamental science and in the use of hydrogen as a possible substitute for traditional hydrocarbon *** is now a generally agreed approach to the use of hydrogen as an addition to traditional fuels(He et al.,2017)but the use of hydrogen as a main fuel has been studied much less because of the substantially unresolved problems for effective hydrogen production(Liu et al.,2020).It is worth noting that the use of hydrogen as a main fuel may be primarily applied not only for internal combustion engines needed for transport(Balat,2008),but also for those serving as drives for electrogenerators within stationary power stations(Balat,2008;Ivanov et al.,2018).

关键词： hydrogen combustion primarily

Modeling the interaction of nitrate anions with ozone and atmospheric moisture

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Chinese Physics B 2015年第10期24卷 160-165页

作者： A.Y.Galashev institute of high Temperature Electrochemistry Ural BranchRussian Academy of Sciences

The molecular dynamics method is used to investigate the interaction between one-six nitrate anions and water clusters absorbing six ozone molecules. The infrared（IR） absorption and reflection spectra are reshaped significantly, and new peaks appear at Raman spectra due to the addition of ozone and nitrate anions to the disperse water system. After ozone and nitrate anions are captured, the average（in frequency） IR reflection coefficient of the water disperse system increased drastically and the absorption coefficient fell.

关键词： nitrate ion ozone water cluster infrared and Raman spectra

A possible mechanism of stimulation of seismic activity by ionizing radiation of solar flares

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Earthquake Science 2019年第1期32卷 26-34页

作者： Valery M.Sorokin Alexey K.Yashchenko Victor A.Novikov Pushkov institute of Terrestrial Magnetism and Radio Wave Propagation of russian academy of sciences TroitskMoscow 108840Russia joint institute for high temperatures of russian academy of sciences Moscow 125412Russia

A possible mechanism of earthquake triggering by ionizing radiation of solar flares is considered.A theoretical model and results of numerical calculations of disturbance of electric field,electric current,and heat release in lithosphere associated with variation of ionosphere conductivity caused by absorption of ionizing radiation of solar flares are presented.A generation of geomagnetic field disturbances in a range of seconds/tens of seconds is possible as a result of large-scale perturbation of a conductivity of the bottom part of ionosphere in horizontal direction in the presence of external electric ***-time characteristics of the geomagnetic disturbance depend upon a perturbation of integral conductivity of *** on relation between integral Hall and Pedersen conductivities of disturbed ionosphere the oscillating and aperiodic modes of magnetic disturbances may be *** strong perturbations of the ionosphere conductivities amplitude of pulsations may obtain^102 *** this case the amplitude of horizontal component of electric field on the Earth surface obtains 0.01 mV/m,electric current density in lithosphere-10-6 A/m2,and the power density of heat release produced by the generated current is 10-7 W/*** is shown that the absorption of ionizing radiation of solar flares can result in variations of a density of telluric currents in seismogenic faults comparable with a current density generated in the Earth crust by artificial pulsed power systems(geophysical MHD generator"Pamir・2"and electric pulsed facility"ERGU・600"),which provide regional earthquake triggering and spatiotemporal variation of seismic ***,triggering of seismic events is possible not only by man-made pulsed power sources but also by the solar *** obtained results may be a physical basis for a novel approach to solve the problem of short・term earthquake prediction based on electromagnetic triggering phenomena.

关键词： solar flare ionosphere telluric current earthquake triggering