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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第2期13卷 455-466页

作者： William B Lacy Leland L Glenna Dina Biscotti Rick Welsh Kate Clancy University of California State College Pennsylvania State University Syracuse University johns hopkins University

Partnerships between U.S. universities and industries have existed for several decades and in recent years have become generally more varied, wider in scope, more aggressive and experimental and higher in public visibility. In addition, in the last few decades, public and private interests have advocated for government policies and laws to globally promote the commercialization of university science. This paper examines the persistence or convergence of the two cultures of science and the implications of this commercialization for university-industry relationships in agriculture biotechnology. The perceptions and values of over 200 U.S. university and industry scientists, managers and administrators who participate in or oversee research collaborations in agricultural biotechnology were analyzed. The findings revealed that the participants in these research relationships continue to perceive very distinct cultures of science and identify a wide range of concerns and disadvantages of these partnerships. Several actions were discussed to ensure that the two cultures serve complementary roles and that they maximize the public benefits from these increasing collaborations.

关键词： two cultures of science agricultural biotechnology university-industry relationships

Design,Fabrication and Experiments of an Anthropomorphic Finger with Combined Compliant Joints

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2020年第6期17卷 1152-1162页

作者： Yin Zhang Qiang Zhan Ruixin Li Xinyu Bao Robotics Institute Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Whiting School of Engineerings johns hopkins University Baltimore 21211USA

Fingers are the basic components of anthropomorphic *** present,most anthropomorphic fingers utilize rigid joints,which have obvious fabrication and assembly complexities as well as limited flexibility and ***,some anthropomorphic fingers were attempted to utilize compliant joints learned from bioinspiration,but they have a limited self-resetting ability and lateral deformation resistance,as well as occupying a large space and having a non-anthropomorphic *** this paper,nine compliant joints for anthropomorphic fingers were analyzed using Finite Element Analysis(FEA),based on which two combined compliant joints were proposed,and the optimal one was obtained through FEA and *** anthropomorphic finger that embeds parts of the compliant joint into the adjacent phalanxes was then ***,the anthropomorphic finger was fabricated and experiments were *** results show that the anthropomorphic finger with the proposed combined compliant joints has a better self-resetting ability and lateral deformation resistance while ensuring a large range of motion similar to that of the human finger,and the required actuating force is ***,the embedded joint structure can reduce the occupied space of the joint so as to improve the anthropomorphic appearance of the finger,and enhance its lateral deformation resistance.

关键词： anthropomorphic finger compliant joint deformation stress bioinspiration

Timing and secular trend of pubertal development in Beijing girls

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2014年第1期10卷 74-79页

作者： Fang-Fang Chen You-Fa Wang Jie Mi Department of Epidemiology Capital Institute of PediatricsBeijingChina johns hopkins Global Center for Childhood ObesityDepartment of International HealthCenter for Human NutritionBloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUSA

Background:Historical research is limited in changes in pubertal development in Chinese *** aimed to identify the timing of pubertal characteristics and the secular trend of menarche age among Beijing girls from the 1980s through the ***:Six data sets were analyzed,including the Beijing Child and Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome study in 2004,where 9778 Bejing girls aged 6–18 years were *** Fetal Origins of Adult Disease study provided retrospective menarche age from 1940 through *** four studies were conducted in Beijing to obtain supplementary information to assess secular trend in menarche *** regression method was used to analyze the ***:Among Beijing girls in 2004,the median age at menarche was 12.1 years,which was 0.6 years earlier in urban than in rural *** median age at Breast Tanner Stage 2 was 9.5±1.2 years,representing 9.4±1.1 years and 9.6±1.2 years for urban and rural girls,*** contrast,the median age at Pubic Hair Tanner Stage 2 was 11.1±1.1 years,representing 10.8±1.1 and 11.4±1.1 years for urban and rural girls,*** menarche age of urban girls decreased by 4.2 months per decade,and that of rural girls by 9.6 months per decade from 1980 to ***:Urban girls mature earlier than rural girls in Beijing.A secular trend towards earlier menarche was observed between the 1980s and the 2000s.

关键词： breast menarche puberty pubic hair

Monitoring the formation of oil–water emulsions with a fast spatially resolved NMR spectroscopy method

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第2期27卷 71-79页

作者：游梦婷韦芝良杨健崔晓红陈忠 Department of Electronic Science State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Xiamen University Department of Radiology The Johns Hopkins University

In the present study, a fast chemical shift imaging （CSI） method has been used to dynamically monitor the formation of oil-water emulsions and the phase separation process of the emulsion phase from the excessive water or oil phase on the molecular level. With signals sampled from series of small voxels simultaneously within a few seconds, high-resolution one-dimensional （1D） 1H nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） spectra from different spatial positions for inhomogeneous emulsion systems induced by susceptibility differences among components can be obtained independently. On the basis of integrals from these ~H NMR spectra, profiles obtained explicitly demonstrate the spatial and temporal variations of oil concentrations. Furthermore, the phase separation time and the length of the oil-water emulsion phase are determined. In addition, effects of oil types and proportions of the emulsifier on the emulsification states are also inspected. Experimental results indicate that 1D PHASICS （Partial Homogeneity Assisted Inhomogeneity Correction Spectroscopy） provides a helpful and promising alternative to research on dynamic processes or chemical reactions.

关键词： non-invasive monitoring spatially-resolved NMR spectroscopy formation of emulsions phaseseparation process

From "Genes to Society":The logic and process of the New johns hopkins University School of Medicine curriculum

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中国病理生理杂志 2009年第11期25卷 2240-2241页

作者： Patricia A. Thomas Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine USA

johns hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM) has been a leader in medical education since its inception in 1893. The influence of John Dewey on the founders of the school is evident in the design of the curriculum,which included serious study of basic science for two years,followed by 'learning by doing' in the 3d and 4th clinical years. After the Flexner report in 1910 which lauded the school as an exemplary model,this became the standard curricular structure of undergraduate medical education in the US. Since its founding hopkins,like other medical schools,has struggled with burgeoning biomedical knowledge and the tension between time and content. The last curricular revision was implemented in 1992,and had several themes,including:(1) decreased lecture time and increased small group learning; (2) early clinical experience and more ambulatory clinical experience; (3) integration of the basic sciences to improve learning and reduce redundancy; (4) development of a longitudinal course for the social sciences,(named 'The Physician and Society' course); (5) a required thesis project for graduation. All but the last were implemented. Our students have done well in this curriculum. 98-100% pass the licensing board exams,and over 90% obtain their first choice for residency positions,often in highly competitive programs such as Dermatology,Neurosurgery and Ophthalmology. Approximately 30% of graduates are listed in the AAMC faculty roster-one of the highest percentages of graduates going to academic medicine in the country.

关键词：课程结构大学生医学院逻辑社会基因金医学教育

Improving hospital-based trauma care for road traffic injuries in Malawi

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2017年第2期8卷 85-90页

作者： Linda Chokotho Wakisa Mulwafu Isaac Singini Yasin Sjalale Kathryn H. Jacobsen Belt Cure Hospital Blantyre Malawi Department of Surgery College of Medicine University of Malawi Blantyre Malawi johns hopkins project Blantyre Malawi Blantyre Adventist Hospital Blantyre Malawi Department of Global & Community Health George Mason University Fairfax Virginia USA

BACKGROUND: The mortality rate from road traffic injuries has increased in sub-Saharan Africa as the number of motor vehicles increase. This study examined the capacity of hospitals along Malawi's main north-south highway to provide emergency trauma ***: Structured interviews and checklists were used to evaluate the infrastructure, personnel, supplies, and equipment at all four of Malawi's central hospitals, ten district hospitals, and one mission hospital in 2014. Most of these facilities are along the main north-south highway that spans the ***: Between July 2013 and March 2014, more than 9 200 road traffic injuries(RTIs) and 100 RTI deaths were recorded by the participating hospitals. All of the hospitals reported staff shortages, especially during nights and weekends. Few clinicians had completed formal training in emergency trauma management, and healthcare workers reported gaps in knowledge and skills, especially at district hospitals. Most central hospitals had access to the critical supplies and medications necessary for trauma care, but district hospitals lacked some of the supplies and equipment needed for diagnosis, treatment, and personal ***: The mortality and disability burden from road traffi c injuries in Malawi(and other low-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa) can be reduced by ensuring that every central and district hospital has a dedicated trauma unit with qualified staff who have completed primary trauma care courses and have access to the equipment necessary to save lives.

关键词： Traffic accidents Emergency medical services Developing countries Road traffi c injuries Sub-Saharan Africa

Comparison of postoperative complications between internal and external pancreatic duct stenting during pancreaticoduodenectomy: a meta-analysis

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2015年第4期27卷 397-407页

作者： Fa-Yong Ke Xiang-Song Wu Yong Zhang Hong-Cheng Zhang Ming-Zhe Weng Ying-Bin Liu Christopher Wolfgang Wei Gong Department of General Surgery Xinhua Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Johns Hopkins School of Medicine

Background：Two types of pancreatic duct stents are used to improve postoperative outcomes of pancreatic *** aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate and compare the postoperative outcomes of patients with internal or external stenting during pancreaticoduodenectomy（PD）.Methods：We searched Pub Med,EMBASE,the Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases until the end of December,*** comparing outcomes of external *** stent placement in PD were eligible for *** literature was extracted and assessed by two independent ***：Seven articles were identified for inclusion：three randomized controlled trials（RCTs）and four observational clinical studies（OCS）.The meta-analyses revealed that use of external stents had advantage on reducing the incidences of pancreatic fistula（PF）in total[odds ratio（OR）=0.69;95%confidence interval（CI）,0.48-0.99;P=0.04],PF in soft pancreas（OR=0.30;95%CI,0.16-0.56;P=0.0002）and delayed gastric emptying（DGE）（OR=0.58;95%CI,0.38-0.89;P=0.01）compared with internal *** were no significant differences in other postoperative outcomes between two stenting methods,including postoperative morbidity（OR=0.93;95%CI,0.39-2.23;P=0.88）,overall mortality（OR=0.70;95%CI,0.22-2.25;P=0.55）,and intra-abdominal collections（OR=0.67;95%CI,0.26-1.71;P=0.40）.Conclusions：Based upon this meta-analysis,the use of external pancreatic stents might have potential benefit in reducing the incidence of PF and *** to the limited number of original studies,more RCTs are needed to further support our result and clarify the issue.

关键词： Pancreatic duct stent pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD) meta-analysis

Flow pattern analysis of linear gradient flow distribution

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2015年第1期36卷 81-106页

作者： Da-ming LI Xiao-yu LI Yan-qing LI R.J.FARAHANI School of Civil Engineering & Key Laboratory of Harbor & Ocean Engineering Ministry of Education Tianjin University Civil and Environmental Engineering Johns Hopkins University Civil Engineering The University of Adelaide

This paper uses the Oseen transformation to solve the differential equations governing motion of the vertical linear gradient flow distribution close to a wall surface. The Navier-Stokes equations are used to consider the inertia term along the flow direction. A novel contour integral method is used to solve the complex Airy function. The boundary conditions of linear gradient flow distribution for finite problems are determined. The vorticity function, the pressure function, and the turbulent velocity profiles are provided, and the stability of particle trajectories is studied. An Lx-function form of the third derivative circulation is used to to simplify the solution. Theoretical results are compared with the experimental measurements with satisfactory agreement.

关键词： linear gradient distribution flow contour integral stability analysis Airyfunction Oseen transformation

Secondary prevention medication persistence and prognosis of acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第3期6卷 376-383,I0009-I0017页

作者： Lei Zhang Junfeng Shi Yuesong Pan Zixiao Li Hongyi Yan Chelsea Liu Wei Lv Xia Meng Yongjun Wang Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Changping District Hospital BeijingChina Yixing People’s Hospital Jiangsu ProvinceChina China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases BeijingChina Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA

Introduction The risk of disability and mortality is high among recurrent stroke,which highlights the importance of secondary prevention *** aim to evaluate medication persistence for secondary prevention and the prognosis of acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack(TIA)in *** Patients with acute ischaemic stroke or TIA from the China National Stroke Registry II were divided into 3 groups based on the percentage of persistence in secondary prevention medication classes from discharge to 3 months after onset(level I:persistence=0%,level II:0%

关键词： prevention medication acute

DNA DAMAGE INDUCED IN MAMMALIAN CELLS BY ACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES

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Science China Chemistry 1988年第6期31卷 676-686页

作者：郑荣梁 A.A.LESKO P.O.P.TS’O The johns hopkins University Baltimore Laboratory of Biophysics. Department of Biology School of Hygiene & Public Health Lanzhou University Division of Biophysics USA

The active oxygen species generated by ionizing radiation, hyperoxia, paraquat and hydrogen perox-ide induced unscheduled DNA synthesis and DNA synthesis rate inhibition in human fetal lung fibroblast(IMR-90) and transformed cell line derived from Syrian hamster embryo fibroblast (BP6T). The D-glu-cose and sucrose, which were unable to generate active oxygen species, could induce neither unscheduledDNA synthesis nor DNA synthesis rate inhibition. The indicator of DNA synthesis rate inhibition for ac-tive oxygen species was more sensitive than that of unscheduled DNA synthesis. All the enhancing chem-icals on active oxygen species aggravated DNA damage, while all the inhibiting chemicals alleviatedDNA damage. Results showed that active oxygen species do damge DNA. The active oxygen speciesmechanism for carcinogenesis, mutation and aging is applicable.

关键词： DNA DAMAGE INDUCED IN MAMMALIAN CELLS BY ACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES DDC