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Genetic pathways controlling inflorescence architecture and development in wheat and barley

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第3期61卷 296-309页

作者： Adam Gauley Scott A.Boden Department of Crop Genetics John Innes Centre Norwich Research Park

Modifications of inflorescence architecture have been crucial for the successful domestication of wheat and barley, which are central members of the Triticeae tribe that provide essential grains for the human diet. Investigation of the genes and alleles that underpin domestication-related traits has provided valuable insights into the molecular regulation of inflorescence development of the Triticeae, and further investigation of modified forms of architecture are proving to be equally *** identified genes are involved in diverse biological processes, including transcriptional regulation, hormone biosynthesis and metabolism, post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation, which alter inflorescence architecture by modifying the development and fertility of lateral organs, called spikelets and florets. Recent advances in sequencing capabilities and the generation of mutant populations are accelerating the identification of genes that influence inflorescence development, which is important given that genetic variation for this trait promises to be a valuable resource for optimizing grain production. This review assesses recent advances in our understanding of the genes controlling inflorescence development in wheat and barley, with the aim of highlighting the importance of improvements in developmental biology for optimizing the agronomic performance of staple crop plants.

关键词： Genetic pathways Modifications architecture

Role of coronary physiology in the contemporary management of coronary artery disease

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2015年第2期3卷 148-155页

作者： Neil Ruparelia Rajesh K Kharbanda Oxford Heart centre John Radcliffe Hospital

Coronary artery disease(CAD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide with approximately 1 in 30 patients with stable CAD experiencing death or acute myocardial infarction each year. The presence and extent of resultant myocardial ischaemia has been shown to confer an increased risk of adverse outcomes. Whilst, optimal medical therapy(OMT) forms the cornerstone of the management of patients with stable CAD, a significant number of patients present with ischaemia refractory to OMT. Historically coronary angiography alone has been used to determine coronary lesion severity in both stable and acute settings. It is increasingly clear that this approach fails to accurately identify the haemodynamic significance of lesions; especially those that are visually "intermediate" in severity. Revascularisation based upon angiographic appearances alone may not reduce coronary events above OMT. Technological advances have enabled the measurement of physiological indices including the fractional flow reserve, the index of microcirculatory resistance and the coronary flow reserve. The integration of these parameters into the routine management of patients presenting to the cardiac catheterization laboratory with CAD represents a critical adjunctive tool in the optimal management of these patients by identifying patients that would most benefit from revascularisation and importantly also highlighting patients that would not gain benefit and therefore reducing the likelihood of adverse outcomes associated with coronary revascularisation. Furthermore, these techniques are applicable to a broad range of patients including those with left main stem disease, proximal coronary disease, diabetes mellitus, previous percutaneous coronary intervention and with previous coronary artery bypass grafting. This review will discuss current concepts relevant to coronary physiology assessment, its role in the management of both stable and acute patients and future applications.

关键词： Ischaemia Coronary physiology Coronary flow reserve Fractional flow reserve Coronary artery disease

RNA-seq reveals mechanisms of SlMX1 for enhanced carotenoids and terpenoids accumulation along with stress resistance in tomato

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Science Bulletin 2017年第7期62卷 476-485页

作者： Mohamed Ewas Yangqiang Gao Farhan Ali Elsayed M. Nishawy Raheel Shahzad Hizar Subthain Mohamed Amar Cathie Martin Jie Luo National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan) College of Life Sdence and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China Egyptian Deserts Gene Bank (EDGB) Genetic Resources Department Cairo Egypt Deserts Research Center (DRC) Cairo Egypt john lnnes centre Norwich Research Park Colney Norwich NR4 7UH UK

Improving nutritional fruit quality and impacts important agro-traits such as biotic or abiotic stresses are extremely important for human *** previous study reported that manipulation of Sl MX1 gene enhanced carotenoids accumulation and drought resistance in ***,RNA-Seq analysis proved to be a very useful tool to provide insights into the regulatory mechanisms of Sl MX1 involved in stress resistance and enhanced secondary *** analysis showed that overexpression of Sl MX1 results in substantially increased broad-spectrum tolerance to a wide-range of abiotic and biotic(fungus,bacteria,virus and insects) stresses in *** research appears to be of remarkable interest because enhanced terpenoids content has been achieved by increasing trichome *** addition,we reported two types of trichome which seems to be aberrant types in *** study unravels the mechanism of regulation of Sl MX1,which simultaneously modulates resistance and metabolic processes through regulating key structural and regulatory genes of the corresponding pathways.

关键词： Tomato SlMX1 Resistance Carotenoids Terpenoids Mechanism RNA Seq

The giant Kalgoorlie Gold Field revisited

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Geoscience Frontiers 2016年第3期7卷 359-374页

作者： Noreen Mary Vielreicher David Ian Groves Neal Jesse McNaughton Department of Material Science and Physics University of Salzburg centre for Exploration Targeting University of Western Australia john de Laeter centre for Isotope Research Curtin University

The Neoarchaean Kaigoorlie Gold Field contains the giant Golden Mile and world-class Mt Charlotte deposits,which have been the subject of much research for over 100 *** Golden Mile deposit is a complex array of ductile to brittle vein and breccia lodes that are predominantly hosted in the highlyfractionated Golden Mile Dolerite *** Fimiston lodes comprise an array of narrow lodes that evolved broadly syn- to late-formation of the regional D2 NW-trending *** lodes are characterized by pyrite veinlets and disseminations,quartz veinlets and breccias,and banded quartz-carbonate veins with sericite,carbonate,and pyrite-dominated *** Green-Leader,or Oroya-style,lodes,with grades in excess of 1000 g/t Au,are similar to the Fimiston-style lodes,but are characterized by abundant visible gold,native tellurium and more abundant telluride minerals within roscoelitebearing alteration *** arguably structurally younger Mt Charlotte-style lodes are characterized by a pipe-shaped,coarse-grained quartz,carbonate and scheelite vein-stockwork with distinct verticallyzoned,carbonate-sericite-albite-pyrite ± pyrrhotite dominant alteration assemblages around veins within Unit 8 of the Golden Mile dolerite and porphyry *** network of steep- and gently-dipping extension and shear fracture-fill veins are associated with NE-trending fault se ts that cross cut the regional *** deposit area is intruded by swarms of porphyry dykes,including syn-volcanic mafic dykes,early and volumetrically most significant c.2.67 Ga feldspar-phyric porphyry dykes,as well as later c.2.66-2.65 Ga calc-alkaline hornblende-phyric dykes associated with younger c.2.65-2.64 Ga lamprophyre *** post-volcanic dykes have similar orientations to the Fimiston *** feldspar dykes are clearly overprinted by all styles of mineralization,although the relationship between hornblende-phyric and lamprophyre dykes and gold mineralization is more *** agree

关键词： Kalgoorlie Golden Mile Mount Charlotte Gold giant Orogenic gold Magmatic-hydrothermal gold

PID Controller Tuning for a Multivariable Glass Furnace Process by Genetic Algorithm

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2016年第1期13卷 64-72页

作者： Kumaran Rajarathinam James Barry Gomm Ding-Li Yu Ahmed Saad Abdelhadi Mechanical Engineering and Materials Research centre Control Systems Group School of EngineeringLiverpool John Moores University

Standard genetic algorithms （SGAs） are investigated to optimise discrete-time proportional-integral-derivative （PID） con- troller parameters, by three tuning approaches, for a multivariable glass furnace process with loop interaction. Initially, standard genetic algorithms （SGAs） are used to identify control oriented models of the plant which are subsequently used for controller optimisa- tion. An individual tuning approach without loop interaction is considered first to categorise the genetic operators, cost functions and improve searching boundaries to attain the desired performance criteria. The second tuning approach considers controller parameters optimisation with loop interaction and individual cost functions. While, the third tuning approach utilises a modified cost function which includes the total effect of both controlled variables, glass temperature and excess oxygen. This modified cost function is shown to exhibit improved control robustness and disturbance rejection under loop interaction.

关键词： Genetic algorithms control optimisation decentralised control proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control modifiedcost function multivariable process loop interaction.

Temperature Modulates Tissue-Specification Program to Control Fruit Dehiscence in Brassicaceae

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Molecular Plant 2018年第4期11卷 598-606页

作者： Xin-Ran Li Joyita Deb S. Vinod Kumar Lars Фstergaard john Innes centre Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7UH UK

Plants respond to diurnal and seasonal changes in temperature by reprogramming vital developmental pathways. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that define environmental modulation of plant growth and reproduction is critical in the context of climate change that threatens crop yield worldwide. Here, we report that elevated temperature accelerates fruit dehiscence in members of the Brassicaceae family including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and important crop species. Arabidopsis fruit development is controlled by a network of interacting regulatory genes. Among them, the INDEHISCENT （IND） gene is a key regulator of the valve-margin tissue that mediates fruit opening, hence facilitating fruit dehiscence. We demonstrated that the valve-margin development is accelerated at higher temperature and that IND is tar- geted for thermosensory control. Our results reveal that IND upregulation is facilitated via temperature- induced chromatin dynamics leading to accelerated valve-margin specification and dispersal of the seed. Specifically, we show that temperature-induced changes in IND expression are associated with ther- mosensory H2A.Z nucleosome dynamics. These findings establish a molecular framework connecting tis- sue identity with thermal sensing and set out directions for the production of temperature-resilient crops.

关键词： Brassicaceae seed dispersal fruit dehiscence temperature response gene regulation nucleosomedynamics

Juicy Stories on Female Reproductive Tissue Development: Coordinating the Hormone Flows

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2013年第9期55卷 847-863页

作者： Veronica A.Grieneisen Athanasius F.M.Marée Lars φstergaard Computational and Systems Biology John Innes Centre Norwich Research ParkNorwich NR4 7UH UK Crop Genetics John Innes Centre Norwich Research ParkNorwich NR4 7UH UK

In the past 20-30 years, developmental biologists have made tremendous progress in identifying genes required for the specifica-tion of individual cell types of an organ and in describing how they interact in genetic networks. In comparison, very little is known about the mechanisms that regulate tissue polarity and overall organ patterning. Gynoecia and fruits from members of the Brassicaceae family of flowering plants provide excellent model systems to study organ patterning and tissue specification because they become partitioned into distinct domains whose formation is determined by polarity establishment both at a cellular and whole tissue level. Interactions among key regulators of Arabidopsis gynoecium and fruit development have revealed a network of upstream transcription factor activities required for such tissue differentiation. Regulation of the plant hormone auxin is emerging as both an immediate downstream output and input of these activities, and here we aim to provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding the link between auxin and female reproductive development in plants. In this review, we will also demonstrate how available data can be exploited in a mathematical modeling approach to reveal and understand the feedback regulatory circuits that underpin the polarity establishment, necessary to guide auxin flows.

关键词： Auxin dynamics brassicaceae cell and tissue polarity fruit gynoecium mathematical modelling organ patterning ROPs wavepinning

SWR1 Chromatin-Remodeling Complex Subunits and H2A.Z Have Non-overlapping Functions in Immunity and Gene Regulation in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2016年第7期9卷 1051-1065页

作者： Souha Berriri Sreeramaiah N Gangappa and S Vinod Kumar Cell and Developmental Biology Department John Innes Centre Norwich NR4 7UH UK

Incorporation of the histone variant H2A.Z into nucleosomes by the SWR1 chromatin remodeling complex is a critical step in eukaryotic gene regulation. In Arabidopsis, SWRlc and H2A.Z have been shown to con- trol gene expression underlying development and environmental responses. Although they have been implicated in defense, the specific roles of the complex subunits and H2A.Z in immunity are not well under- stood. In this study, we analyzed the roles of the SWRlc subunits, PHOTOPERIOD-INDEPENDENT EARLY FLOWERING1 （PIE1）, ACTIN-RELATED PROTEIN6 （ARP6）, and SWR1 COMPLEX 6 （SWC6）, as well as H2A.Z, in defense and gene regulation. We found that SWRlc components play different roles in resistance to different pathogens. Loss of PIE1 and SWC6 function as well as depletion of H2A.Z led to reduced basal resistance, while loss of ARP6 fucntion resulted in enhanced resistance. We found that mutations in PIE1 and SWC6 resulted in impaired effector-triggered immunity. Mutation in SWRlc components and H2A.Z also resulted in compromised jasmonic acid/ethylene-mediated immunity. Genome-wide expres- sion analyses similarly reveal distinct roles for H2A.Z and SWRlc components in gene regulation, and sug- gest a potential role for PIE1 in the regulation of the cross talk between defense signaling pathways. Our data show that although they are part of the same complex, Arabidopsis SWRlc components could have non-redundant functions in plant immunity and gene regulation.

关键词： arabidopsis SWR1 chromatin remodeling H2A.Z immunity gene regulation

Systems Biology Approach Pinpoints Minimum Requirements for Auxin Distribution during Fruit Opening

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Molecular Plant 2019年第6期12卷 863-878页

作者： Xin-Ran Li Renske M.A.Vroomans Samantha Fox Veronica A.Grieneisen Lars Φstergaard Athanasius F.M.Maree Crop Genetics John Innes Centre Norwich NR4 7UH UK Computational and Systems Biology John Innes Centre Norwich NR4 7UH UK centre of Excellence in Computational and Experimental Developmental Biology Institute of Biotechnology University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland Cell and Developmental Biology John Innes Centre Norwich NR4 7UH UK School of Biosciences Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AX Wales UK

The phytohormone auxin is implied in steering various developmental decisions during plant morphogenesis in a concentration-dependent *** maxima have been shown to maintain meristematic activity,for example,of the root apical meristem,and position new sites of outgrowth,such as during lateral root initiation and *** recently,it has been demonstrated that sites of auxin minima also provide positional *** the developingArabidopsis fruit,auxin minima are required for correct differentiation of the valve *** remains unclear,however,how this auxin minimum is generated and ***,we employ a systems biology approach to model auxin transport based on experimental *** allows us to determine the minimal requirements for its *** simulations reveal that two alternative processes-which we coin "flux-barrier" and "flux-passage"-are both able to generate an auxin minimum,but under different parameter *** models are in principle able to yield similar auxin profiles but present qualitatively distinct patterns of auxin *** models were tested by tissue-specific inducible ablation,revealing that the auxin minimum in the fruit is most likely generated by a flux-passage *** predictions were further supported through 3D PIN localization imaging and implementing experimentally observed transporter *** such an experimental-modeling cycle,we predict how the auxin minimum gradually matures during fruit development to ensure timely fruit opening and seed dispersal.

关键词： auxin mathematical modeling polar auxin transport fruit development systems biology of patterning