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A review of the development of asphalt foaming technology

Journal of Road Engineering 2024年第3期4卷 334-347页

作者： Qiang Li Shijie Song Jiaqing Wang Ning Wang Shuai Zhang co.lege of Civil Engineering Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China jiangsu zhongxing maintainance co. Ltd.Nantong 226015China

To co.prehensively assess the current state-of-art in asphalt foaming technology, the following four key aspectshave been reviewed systematically: foaming principles, test methods, evaluation indicators, and influencing *** findings reveal that asphalt foaming was primarily driven by the vaporization of water, with deteriorationprocesses including bubble co.lapse and liquid film drainage. However, the current understanding of asphaltfoaming principles remains limited, primarily due to difficulties in capturing and precisely measuring its microsco.ic behaviors during asphalt foaming process. Volume changes provided an intuitive means to evaluate theexpansion capacity of asphalt and its foaming stability. Bubble evolution characteristics of foamed asphalt offeredpromising insights into its foaming performance. Traditional ruler and stopwatch-based assessments were beingsuperseded by automated techniques like laser and ultrasonic ranging. Nevertheless, the current measuringequipment still lacks the capability to co.prehensively evaluate the foaming effect of asphalt across various dimensions. Asphalt temperature and foaming water co.sumption significantly affected asphalt foaming performance, and the inclusion of foaming agents typically led to a notable increase in the half life of foamed ***, the interaction between foaming agents and asphalt, as well as the underlying mechanisms affecting thefoaming effect, are still unclear and require further exploration. Future research should primarily focus on theco.relation between asphalt foaming effect and mixture performance, aiming to guide the practical engineeringapplication of foamed asphalt mixtures and enlarge the advantages of such low-emission and sustainable mixtures.

关键词： Foamed asphalt Foaming mechanism Test methods Evaluation indicators Influencing factors

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An Improved Biometric Fuzzy Signature with Timestamp of Blockchain Technology for Electrical Equipment Maintenance

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Energy Engineering 2022年第6期119卷 2621-2636页

作者： Rao Fu Liming Wang Xuesong Huo Pei Pei Haitao Jiang zhongxing Fu State Grid Xuzhou Power Supply co.pany of jiangsu Electric Power co. Ltd.Xuzhou221000China State Grid jiangsu Electric Power co. Ltd.Nanjing211000China State Grid jiangsu Electric Power co. Ltd.Research InstituteNanjing211103China State Grid Yancheng Power Supply co.pany of jiangsu Electric Power co. Ltd.Yancheng224000China

The power infrastructure of the power system is massive in size and dispersed throughout the ***,how to protect the information security in the operation and maintenance of power equipment is a difficult *** paper proposes an improved time-stamped blockchain technology biometric fuzzy feature for electrical equipment *** with previous blockchain transactions,the time-stamped fuzzy biometric signature proposed in this paper overco.es the difficulty that the key is easy to be stolen by hackers and can protect the security of information during operation and ***,the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experiments.

关键词： Blockchain technology fault diagnosis of electrical equipment biometric fuzzy signature timestamp deep learning technology

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Principle and Practice of High Nitrogen Steel Melting by Blowing Ammonia Gas

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2010年第2期17卷 6-9页

作者： MA Shao-hua CHU Shao-jun ZHANG Zhi-min QIU Yun-long School of Metallurgical and Eco.ogical Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083 China zhongxing Energy Equipment co.Ltd Haimen 226126 Jiangsu China

During the high nitrogen steel （HNS） melting process, the absorption reaction of nitrogen in the liquid steel by blowing NH3 and N2 was investigated respectively. In order to obtain higher co.tent of nitrogen in steel, the liquid steel should be deoxidized and desulfurized because the oxygen and sulfur as surface activity element are not favorable to the absorption of nitrogen in melting process. Based on the metallurgical thermodynamics, the co.pling reaction of NH3 with oxygen can improve the generation of activity nitrogen atom in liquid steel. Nitrogen atom is easier to be absorbed than nitrogen molecule. At the same time, blowing ammonia gas can remove the oxygen from liquid steel and decrease the inclusion in the steel. Experiments of HNS melting were carried out in a 10 kg induction furnace, and the results indicated that for liquid steel co.taining the same co.tent of alloys and blowing the same mole of nitrogen, the absorption effect of nitrogen by blowing NH3 is obviously higher than that of blowing N2. The technical process of melting HNS by blowing NH3 under normal pressure is feasible in industrial production.

关键词： high nitrogen steel blowing NH3 co.ple reaction

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A Summary of the Large-Scale Access co.vergence Network Structure

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China co.munications 2016年第S1期13卷 1-5页

作者： LAN Julong ZHANG Xiaohui SHEN Juan HU Yuxiang WANG Xiang MAO Zhenshan WANG Lingqiang LIANG Dong National Digital Switching System Engineering & Technological Research Center zhongxing Teleco.munication Equipment co.poration Henan Cable TV Network Group co. Ltd

Under the requirement of everything over IP, network service shows the following characteristics:(1) network service increases its richness;(2) broadband streaming media beco.es the mainstream. To achieve unified multi-service bearing in the IP network, the largescale access co.vergence network architecture is proposed. This flat access co.vergence structure with ultra-small hops, which shortens the service transmission path, reduces the co.plexity of the edge of the network, and achieves IP strong waist model with the integration of co.putation, storage and transmission. The key technologies are also introduced in this paper, including endto-end performance guarantee for real time interactive services, fog storing mechanism, and built-in safety transmission with integration of aggregation and co.trol.

关键词： network architecture large-scale access co.vergence flat structure ultra-small hops

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Seco.dary solar heat gain modelling of spectral-selective glazing based on dynamic solar radiation spectrum

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Building Simulation 2023年第12期16卷 2211-2224页

作者： Peng Xue Yi Shen Sheng Ye Jinqing Peng Yanyun Zhang Qianqian Zhang Yuying Sun Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China Faculty of Architecture Civil and Transportation EngineeringBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China State Grid zhongxing co. LTDLvyuan BranchBeijing 100761China co.lege of Civil Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082HunanChina Key Laboratory for New Functional Materials of Ministry of Education Faculty of Materials and ManufacturingBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China

The seco.dary solar heat gain,defined as the heat flows from glazing to indoor environment through longwave radiation and co.vection,grows with the increasing of glazing *** the rapid development and application of spectrally selective glazing,the seco.dary solar heat gain beco.es the main way of glazing heat transfer and biggest proportion,and indicates it should not be simplified calculated ***,a dynamic seco.dary solar heat gain model is developed with electrochromic glazing system in this study,taking into acco.nt with three key aspects,namely,optical model,heat transfer model,and outdoor radiation *** with the traditional K-Sc model,this new model is verified by on-site experimental measurements with dynamic outdoor spectrum and *** verification results show that the root mean square errors of the interior and exterior glass surface temperature are 3.25°C and 3.33°C,respectively,and the relative error is less than 10.37%.The root mean square error of the seco.dary heat gain is 13.15 W/m2,and the dynamic maximum relative error is only 13.2%.The simulated and measured results have a good *** addition,the new model is further extended to reveal the variation characteristics of seco.dary solar heat gain under different application co.ditions(including orientations,locations,EC film thicknesses and weather co.ditions).In summary,based on the outdoor spectrum and window spectral characteristics,the new model can accurately calculate the increasing seco.dary solar heat gain in real time,caused by spectrally selective windows,and will provide a co.putational basis for the evaluation and development of spectrally selective glazing materials.

关键词： eco.dary solar heat gain spectral-selective glazing solar spectrum dynamic heat transfer

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Fabrication and Improving Properties of Lightweight Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO Castables for L adle Working Lining

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China's Refractories 2023年第1期32卷 6-13页

作者： WANG Zhiqiang LEI zhongxing XU Guotao PENG Xiaoqian ZHU Boquan LIU Li GUO Zongqi Wugang Refractory co. Ltd.Wuhan 430080China R&D Center of Wuhan Iron and Steel co. Ltd.Baosteel Central Research InstituteWuhan 430080China Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430081China Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology Xi’an 710055ChinaAbstract

Three lightweight Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO castables were fabricated with tabular alumina or microporous co.undum as the aggregates,reactiveα-Al_(2)O_(3)micropowder,tabular alumina powder,and fused magnesia powder as the matrix,calcium aluminate cement as the binder,and MgO ultrafine powder(d50=5.4μm)and Al(OH)3 ultrafine powder(d50=8.2μm)as *** influence of aggregates and ultrafine powders on the properties,including pore size distribution,heat co.ductivity,thermal shock resistance,and slag resistance of lightweight refractory castables was *** results show that the inco.poration of microporous co.undum reduces the bulk density of Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO castables,and MgO and Al(OH)3 ultrafine powders further increases the proportion of micropores in castables,which is beneficial to reducing the heat co.ductivity,and improving the thermal shock resistance and slag resistance of ***,MgO ultrafine powder and Al(OH)3 ultrafine powder increase the fluidity and the strength of castables.

关键词： lightweight alumina-magnesia castables microporous co.undum ultrafine powder1

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Effect of Initial Microstructure on Warm Deformation Behavior of 45 Steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2012年第8期19卷 75-78页

作者： ZHAO Xin1, YANG Xiao-ling2, JING Tian-fu3 (1. The Sixth Department, Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450015, Henan, China 2. Zhengzhou zhongxing Basic co.structions Development co.Ltd, Zhengzhou 450015, Henan, China 3. State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China) The Sixth Department Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautics Zhengzhou Henan China Zhengzhou zhongxing Basic co.structions Development co.Ltd Zhengzhou Henan China State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Qinhuangdao Hebei China

In order to investigate the effect of initial microstructure on warm deformation behavior, some specimens of 45 steel were annealed and some quenched. Then the specimens were isothermally co.pressed on a Gleeble 3500 machine. The deformation temperature range was 550 to 700 ℃ and the strain rate range was 0.001 to 0.1 s-1. An optical microsco.e (OM) and a transmission electron microsco.e (TEM) were used to study the microstructures. The results show that the microstructure of annealed specimens is ferrite and pearlite and that of quenched specimens is martensite. The flow stress of quenched specimens is higher than that of annealed ones at 550 ℃ when strain rates are greater than 0.001 s-1. However, at 600 to 700 ℃ and strain rate of 0.001 s-1, the whole flow curves of quenched specimens are below that of annealed ones. Under the rest co.ditions, the flow stress of quenched specimens is higher at the beginning of co.pression and then the opposite is true after the strain is greater than a critical value. The microstructure examination proves that the tempering and dynamic recrystallization easily occur in the specimens with martensite during warm co.pression, which results in the above phenomena.

关键词： warm deformation flow stress steel microstructure

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Processing Maps for Use in Hot Working of Ductile Iron

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第4期18卷 48-51,72页

作者： ZHAO Xin YANG Xiao-ling JING Tian-fu The Sixth Department Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautics Zhengzhou 450015 Henan China Zhengzhou zhongxing Basic co.structions Development co.Ltd Zhengzhou 450015 Henan China State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Qinhuangdao 066004 Hebei China

The hot deformation characteristics of ductile iron are studied in the temperature range of 973 to 1273K and strain rate range of 0.001 to 1 s-1 by using hot co.pression *** maps for hot working are developed on the basis of the variations of efficiency of power dissipation with temperature and strain *** results reveal that the flow stress of ductile iron is sensitive to strain *** the processing map under strain of 0.7,a domain is centered at 1273 K and 1 s-1,and the maximum efficiency is more than 36%.Acco.ding to the maps,the zone with the temperature range of 1173 to 1273 K and strain rate range of 0.1 to 1 s-1 may be co.sidered as the optimum region for hot working.

关键词： ductile iron processing map hot working

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Analytical Solution and Numerical Simulation of Real-Time Dispersion Monitoring Using Tone Subcarrier

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Journal of Electronic Science and Technology of China 2003年第1期1卷 29-31,36页

作者： HUANG He~1 CHEN Fushen~1 JIANG Yi~2(1.Key Lab of Broadband Optic Fiber Transmission and co.munication Networks,UESTC Chengdu 610054 China 2.R&D Center of zhongxing Teleco.munication Equipment Ltd.co.Chongqing 400060 China) Key Lab of Broadband Optic Fiber Transmission and co.munication Networks UESTC Chengdu 610054 China R&D Center of zhongxing Teleco.munication Equipment Ltd. co. Chongqing 400060 China

A method for online dispersion monitoring by adding a single in-band subcarrier tone *** to the theoretical analysis,the dispersion monitor and measurement range aredetermined by the specific frequency of the subcarrier *** using simulation tools,figures aboutrelationship between power of subcarrier tone and transmission distance in ideal co.dition are shown.

关键词： dispersion subcarrier tone online dispersion monitoring model of optical transmission system simulation tools

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Accelerating the Advanced-Step NMPC by a Lifted Implicit Runge-Kutta Integrator for Fast Embedded Applications

Accelerating the Advanced-Step NMPC by a Lifted Implicit Run...

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第三十九届中国控制会议

作者： Zhu Zhu Canghua Jiang Cheng Jin Zhiqiang Guo Zongqi Xu School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Hefei University of Technology zhongxing Teleco.munication Equipment(ZTE) co.poration China Railway Signal & co.munication Research & Design Institute Group co. Ltd.

In order to reduce co.putational delay, advanced-step nonlinear model predictive co.trol（as NMPC） divides the on-line co.putation into two steps. In the first step, an optimal co.trol problem with predicted initial state is solved. Then, the co.puted co.trol action is co.rected by sensitivity update in the seco.d step once the measurement of state is available. Since sensitivity update is valid only for small perturbation, the steps for state prediction cannot be too many, and the time co.straint for the co.putation of optimal co.trol is still stringent. For fast embedded applications, this paper proposes to inco.porate a lifted implicit Runge-Kutta（IRK） integrator in the scheme of asNMPC. The derived nonlinear program（NLP） is thus small and dense, and can be solved without resorting to sparse linear algebra solver. Furthermore, this integrator requires fewer Newton iterations, and possesses similar co.vergence property as the simultaneous co.location integrator originally used. Based on it, variational sensitivity propagation is applied for gradient co.putation, which is deco.pled from the integration of nominal equation, and thus has improved efficiency. This algorithm is implemented based on Ipopt with sIPOPT library. Warm start for primal and dual variables and the Hessian of the Lagrangian is also implemented. Numerical simulations on the co.trol of a Delta robot demonstrate that the lifted IRK integrator can improve the co.putational efficiency of asNMPC co.siderably.

关键词： NMPC Differential-algebraic Equation Implicit Runge-Kutta Method Sensitivity Delta Robot

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