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Abortive Process of a Novel Rapeseed Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Line Derived from Somatic Hybrids Between Brassica napus and Sinapis alba

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第4期13卷 741-748页

作者： WANG Juan GAO Ya-nan KONG Yue-qin JIANG Jin-jin LI Ai-min ZHANG Yong-tai WANG You-ping jiangsu provincial key laboratory of crop genetics and physiology Yangzhou University jiangsu institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Lixiahe District

Somatic hybridization is performed to obtain significant cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） lines, whose CMS genes are derived either from the transfer of sterile genes from the mitochondrial genome of donor parent to the counterpart of receptor or production of new sterile genes caused by mitochondrial genome recombination of the biparent during protoplast fusion. In this study, a novel male sterile line, SaNa-IA, was obtained from the somatic hybridization between Brassica napus and Sinapis alba. The normal anther development of the maintainer line, SaNa-IB, and the abortive process of SaNa-IA were described through phenotypic observations and microtome sections. The floral organ of the sterile line SaNa-IA was sterile with a shortened filament and deflated anther. No detectable pollen grains were found on the surface of the sterile anthers. Semi-thin sections indicated that SaNa-IA aborted in the pollen mother cell （PMC） stage when vacuolization of the tapetum and PMCs began. The tapetum radically elongated and became highly vacuolated, occupying the entire locule together with the vacuolated microspores. Therefore, SaNa-IA is different from other CMS lines, such as ogu CMS, pol CMS and nap CMS as shown by the abortive process of the anther.

关键词： Brassica napus anther abortion cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) semi-thin sections somatic hybridization

Responses of Phosphorus Use Efficiency, Grain Yield, and Quality to Phosphorus Application Amount of Weak-Gluten wheat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第7期11卷 1103-1110页

作者： ZHU Xin-kai LI Chun-yan JIANG Zong-qing HUANG Lian-lian FENG Chao-nian GUO Wen-shan PENG Yong-xin key laboratory of crop genetics and physiology Jiangsu Province/Wheat Research Institute Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009P. R. China

Phosphorus （P） is one of the most widely occurring nutrients for development and growth of wheat. In this study, the effects of P application amount on grain yield, protein content, and phosphorus use efficiency （PUE） were studied by agronomic management of P fertilizer on spring weak-gluten wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） grown under field conditions for 2 yr. The experiments were performed at five levels of P205 application amount, including 0, 72, 108, 144, and 180 kg ha-1. As a result, with increase in P fertilizer, grain yield, and P agricultural efficiency （AEp） increased in a quadratic equitation, but partial factor productivity of P （PFPp） decreased in a logarithmic eq. When 108 kg ha-1 P2Os was applied, the grain yield reached the highest level, but the protein content in gain was lower than 11.5%, a threshold for the protein content to evaluate weak-gluten wheat suitable for production of cake and biscuit. Yangmai 13 and Ningmai 9 could tolerate to higher P level of soils than Yangmai 9 that had more loss in grain yield when P fertilizer was over-applied. AEp had a concomitant relationship with grain yield and was a better descriptor for P use efficiency in the wheat. A high P use efficiency resulted in leaf area index （LAI）, increased chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate, and stable acid phophatase （APase） activity to accumulate more dry matter after anthesis, which explained that the optimum P fertilizer increased grain yield and improved grain quality of weak-gluten wheat.

关键词： phosphorus fertilizer phosphorus use efficiency grain yield and quality weak-gluten wheat

Effects of High Temperature on Antioxidant Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation in Flag Leaves of wheat During Grain Filling Period

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2006年第6期5卷 425-430页

作者： LIU Ping GUO Wen-shan PU Han-chun FENG Chao-nian ZHU Xin-kai PENG Yong-xin jiangsu provincial key laboratory of crop genetics and physiology/wheat research institute Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009PR.China

On the basis of the phytotron, the effects of high temperature （daily average temperature 25, 30, 35 and 40℃, respectively） on antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in flag leaves of wheat at 50% relative air moisture during grain fastest filling stage [19-21 days after anthesis （DAA）] were studied. The wheat cultivars tested were Yangmai 9 with weak-gluten and Yangmai 12 with medium-gluten. Compared with 25℃, the higher the temperature was, the higher was the MDA content in flag leaves, while lower were the SOD, POD, and CAT activities. SOD and CAT activities in Yangmai 12 appeared to be more sensitive to high temperature than that in Yangmai 9. But POD activity in Yangmai 12 was less sensitive to high temperature. MDA content in Yangmai 12 was higher than that in Yangmai 9. The 1000-grain weight declined with increase in temperature.

关键词： wheat high temperature grain filling period antioxidant enzymes lipid peroxidation flag leaves

Phenolic Composition Analysis and Gene Expression in Developing Seeds of Yellow-and Black-seeded Brassica napus

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2013年第6期55卷 537-551页

作者： Jinjin Jiang Yanlin Shao Aimin Li Chunliang Lu Yongtai Zhang Youping Wang jiangsu provincial key laboratory of crop genetics and physiology Yangzhou University jiangsu institute of Agricultural Science in the Lixiahe District Test Center of Yangzhou University

Breeders have focused on yellow-seeded Brassica napus （rapeseed） for its better quality com- pared with the black-seeded variety. Moreover, flavonoids have been associated with this kind of rapeseed. In this study, we applied lipid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spec- trometry （LC-ESI-MSn ） to compare flavonoids in developing seeds of natural black-seeded B. na- pus and yellow-seeded introgression lines selected from progenies of B. napus–Sinapis alba so- matic hybrids. Aside from the most abundant phenolic compounds （sinapine and sinapic acid） and 1, 2-disinapoylglucose, 16 different flavonoids were identified and quantified, including （-）- epicatechin, five monocharged oligomers of （-）-epicatechin （[DP 2]- , [DP 3]- , [DP 4] [DP 2]- B2 and [DP 2]- B5）, quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin-dihexoside, kaempferol-sinapoyl-trihexoside, isorhamnetin- sinapoyl-trihexoside, isorhamnetin-hexoside-sulfate, and isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside. Most of the flavonoids accumulated with seed development, whereas some rapidly decreased during maturation. The content of these flavonoids was lower in the yellow-seeded materials than in the black seeds. In addition, variations of insoluble procyanidin oligomers and soluble phenolic acids were observed among both rapeseed varieties. Transcriptome changes of genes participating in the flavonoid pathway were discovered by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Consistent with flavonoid changes identified by high performance liquid chromatography analysis, the expression of most genes in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway was also downregulated.

关键词： Brassica napus flavonoids gene expression seed development yellow seed.

Tolerance to low phosphorus in rice varieties is conferred by regulation of root growth

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The crop Journal 2020年第4期8卷 534-547页

作者： Yaping Deng Chuanbao Men Shengfeng Qiao Wenjie Wang Junfei Gu Lijun Liu Zujian Zhang Hao Zhang Zhiqin Wang Jianchang Yang jiangsu key laboratory of crop genetics and physiology/jiangsu key laboratory of crop Cultivation and physiology Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009JiangsuChina

Phosphorus use efficiency(PUE)can be improved through cultivation techniques and ***,little is known about rice(Oryza sativa L.)agronomic and physiological traits associated with high *** characterized the agronomic and physiological traits of rice varieties with different tolerances to low phosphorus in nutrient *** varieties with strong tolerance to low phosphorus(STVs)and two with weak tolerance(WTVs)were grown at normal(NP,control)and low phosphorus(LP,1/20 of NP)*** grown at LP produced significantly lower grain yield than those grown at *** yields were lower than STVs *** to NP,LP significantly increased phosphorus translocation efficiency(PTE),internal phosphorus efficiency(IPE)and phosphorus harvest index(PHI).Under the LP condition,PTE and IPE were higher for STVs than for *** also reduced tiller number,shoot biomass,leaf area index(LAI),leaf photosynthetic rate,and mean root diameter of both kinds of varieties at the main growth stages,but to a lower extent in *** significantly increased the number of productive tillers,root biomass,root-shoot ratio,root bleeding rate,and root acid phosphatase(RAP)*** root length,root oxidation activity(ROA),and root total and active absorbing surface areas for STVs were significantly increased under LP,whereas the opposite responses were observed for *** root length,ROA,root bleeding rate,root active absorbing surface area,and RAP activity were positively and significantly correlated with grain yield,PTE,and *** results suggest that the tolerance of rice varieties to a low-phosphorus growth condition is closely associated with root growth with higher biomass and activity.

关键词： Rice(Oryza sativa L.) Tolerance Phosphorus use efficiency Root traits

Fine mapping and cloning of MT1,a novel allele of D10

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第12期19卷 1683-1689页

作者： Yong Zhou,Jinyan Zhu,Zhengyi Li,Fei Gu,Honggen Zhang,Shuzhu Tang, Minghong Gu,Guohua Liang~* jiangsu provincial key laboratory of crop genetics and physiology,key laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China jiangsu provincial key laboratory of crop genetics and physiology Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China

Rice tillering is an important determinant for grain *** investigate the mechanism of tillering,we characterized a multiple tillering mutant(mt1) identified from the japonica variety,Zhonghua 11,treated with *** mutant exhibits advanced tillering development and dwarfed compared with wild-type *** analysis and fine gene mapping indicated that the mt1 mutant was controlled by a recessive gene,residing on a 29-kb window on AP003376 of chromosome *** putative gene in this region,encoding a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 8(CCD8),was allelic to *** mt1 mutant phenotype was complemented by introduction of wild-type MT1,and knockdown of MT1 in wild-type rice mimicked the mutant ***-time PCR analysis indicated that the MT1 gene is expressed highly in stems and at a low level in axillary buds,panicles,leaves,and *** addition,MT1 expression is clearly under feedback regulation.

关键词： Rice Tillering Map-based cloning OsCCD8 Feedback regulation

Comparative transcriptome analysis of sweet corn seedlings under low-temperature stress

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The crop Journal 2017年第5期5卷 396-406页

作者： Jihua Mao Yongtao Yu Jing Yang Gaoke Li Chunyan Li Xitao Qi Tianxiang Wen Jianguang Hu Guangdong provincial key laboratory of crops genetics and Improvement Crop Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Stress induced by low temperature, which represents a widespread environmental factor,strongly affects maize growth and yield. However, the physiological characteristics and molecular regulatory mechanisms of maize seedlings in response to cold remain poorly understood. In this study, using RNA-seq, we investigated the transcriptome profiles of two sweet com inbred lines, "Richao"(RC) and C5, under cold stress. A total of 357 and 455 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were identified in the RC and C5 lines, respectively, 94 DEGs were detected as common DEGs related to cold response in both genotypes, and a total of 589 DEGs were detected as cold tolerance-associated genes. By combining protein function clustering analysis and significantly enriched Gene Ontology(GO) terms analysis,we suggest that transcription factors may play a dominating role in the cold stress response and tolerance of sweet com. Furthermore, 74 differentially expressed transcription factors were identified, of those many genes involved in the metabolism and regulation of hormones. These results expand our understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in chilling tolerance in maize, and provide a set of candidate genes for further genetic analyses.

关键词： Maize (Zea mays L.) Low temperature stress RNA-seq Cold-responsive gene

Biochar-mediated Cd accumulation in rice grains through altering chemical forms,subcellular distribution,and physiological characteristics

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Biochar 2023年第1期5卷 830-843页

作者： Le Chen Lin Guo Qiangqiang Xiong Ping Liao Xueyun Deng Xiaohua Pan Xueming Tan Xiaobing Xie Qigen Dai Hui Gao Haiyan Wei Yongjun Zeng Hongcheng Zhang jiangsu key laboratory of crop genetics and physiology and jiangsu key laboratory of crop Cultivation and physiology and jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain crops and research institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Crop PhysiologyEcology and Genetic BreedingJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045China

Biochar can change the availability and morphology of soil ***,the influence of biochar on Cd chemical form and subcellular fraction in rice is poorly understood,particularly under different irrigation methods.A pot experiment of biochar application combined with two irrigation methods(continuous flooding and intermittent irrigation,CF and Ⅱ)was *** Cd accumulation,chemical form and subcellular fraction in rice organs and the associated physiological responses were *** significantly reduced soil available Cd(30.85-47.26%and 32.35-52.35%)under CF and Ⅱ but increased the Cd content(30.4-63.88%and 13.03-18.59%)in brown ***,the Cd content in shoots/grains under Ⅱ was higher than that under *** elevated the Cd soluble fraction in roots while lowered the cell wall fraction under both irrigation methods,whereas the opposite result was observed in *** increased water-,ethanol-,and NaCl-extractable Cd in roots meanwhile increased ethanol-extractable Cd in leaves under both irrigation ***,the total amount of water-,ethanol-,and NaCl-extractable Cd in rice roots was higher under Ⅱ than under *** hormones and antioxidant enzymes may also be involved in biochar-mediated Cd accumulation in rice ***,changes in Cd chemical form and subcellular fraction in the root and leaf are the main mechanisms of biochar-induced rice grains Cd accumulation.

关键词： Biochar Rice Cd accumulation Chemical forms Subcellular distribution Endogenous hormone Antioxidant enzyme

Joint Analysis Method for Major Genes Controlling Multiple Correlated Quantitative Traits

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2006年第3期5卷 179-187页

作者： XIAO Jing WANG Xue-feng HU Zhi-qiu TANG Zai-xiang SUI Jiong-ming LI Xin XU Chen-wu jiangsu provincial key laboratory of crop genetics and physiology Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 P.R.China

Based on the major gene and polygene mixed inheritance model for multiple correlated quantitative traits, the authors proposed a new joint segregation analysis method of major gene controlling multiple correlated quantitative traits, which include major gene detection and its effect and variation estimation. The effect and variation of major gene are estimated by the maximum likelihood method implemented via expectation-maximization （EM） algorithm. Major gene is tested with the likelihood ratio （LR） test statistic. Extensive simulation studies showed that joint analysis not only increases the statistical power of major gene detection but also improves the precision and accuracy of major gene effect estimates. An example of the plant height and the number of tiller of F2 population in rice cross Duonieai x Zhonghua 11 was used in the illustration. The results indicated that the genetic difference of these two traits in this cross refers to only one pleiotropic major gene. The additive effect and dominance effect of the major gene are estimated as -21.3 and 40.6 cm on plant height, and 22.7 and -25.3 on number of tiller, respectively. The major gene shows overdominance for plant height and close to complete dominance for number of tillers.

关键词： multiple correlated quantitative traits major gene joint segregation analysis maximum likelihood estimation,EM algorithm