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Science China(information Sciences) 2025年

作者： Yang LI Yuzhe GU Sheng QIAN Yuncong PANG Aoxi YU Shuwen ZHENG Wenjie XIA Yuan LIAO Baoguang LIU Shujuan LIU Qiang ZHAO College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible electronics (Future Technology) Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NJUPT) State key laboratory of organic electronics and information displays & jiangsu key laboratory for Biosensors Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NJUPT)

Flexible electrodes have significant potential in fields such as healthcare and neuroscience, as they enable comprehensive recording and analysis of human electrical signals, providing deeper insights into physiological conditions and the state of internal organs and tissues [1, 2]. However, commercial Ag/AgCl wet electrodes face issues such as dehydration,poor comfort, and insufficient mechanical strength, while other types of electrodes, like dry and semi-dry electrodes,also have their own limitations, including the higher contact impedance. In contrast, ionically conductive electrodes offer potential advantages such as transparency, stability, and low impedance, making them a promising alternative to existing electrically conductive electrodes [3]. Acrylic acid (AA)and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) are commonly used in the synthesis of ionic gels, as they ionize in water to produce a large number of ions, helping to maintain moisture balance and reduce impedance caused by dehydration [4]. However, the presence of freely moving ions in the gel network can interfere with conductivity, highlighting the need to introduce new conductive networks to enhance performance [5].

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镉合金化对溶液法制备CZTSSe太阳电池的影响:形貌、能带排列和效率提高（英文）

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Science China Materials 2025年

作者：郑媛元相春旭龚元才李沂泽肖仕梁郭浩宇马乘风王少荧闫伟博黄维辛颢 State key laboratory for organic electronics and information displays Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications

锌黄锡矿结构的Cu2ZnSn（S,Se）4（CZTSSe）薄膜太阳能电池因其理论效率高、地球丰富且低毒性的元素组成而被认为是可持续光伏应用的有前景的候选者.然而,其性能受到CuZn反位缺陷及相关缺陷簇的制约,因为这些缺陷会造成有害的能带拖尾...

锌黄锡矿结构的Cu2ZnSn（S,Se）4（CZTSSe）薄膜太阳能电池因其理论效率高、地球丰富且低毒性的元素组成而被认为是可持续光伏应用的有前景的候选者.然而,其性能受到CuZn反位缺陷及相关缺陷簇的制约,因为这些缺陷会造成有害的能带拖尾和非辐射复合.用具有较大离子半径的Cd替代Zn已被证明能有效抑制非辐射复合,最高可实现11.73%的效率.然而,Cd合金化对CZTSSe电池吸收层形貌、电学性能和器件性能的影响尚未得到充分研究.在本工作中,采用Cu+-Sn4+-DMSO溶液体系,我们成功地在全浓度范围内将Cd2+引入到CZTSSe晶格中,系统地研究了Cd合金化的作用.结果表明,Cd合金化促进了晶粒生长,在低浓度时能得到平整紧密的吸收层薄膜,但在高浓度时则出现过度晶粒生长.此外,低Cd含量能够抑制晶格无序,从而减少能带拖尾Cd的掺入可以通过提高价带顶和降低导带底来线性降低带隙,从而增加异质结的导带偏移（CBO）,但在低Cd含量（<50%）时仍保持相对理想的值（<0.3 eV）.特别是在Cd合金化浓度为5%时,CZTSSe太阳能电池实现了13.31%的最佳效率（无减反层）,相较于未合金化的原始器件性能提高了超过7.0%,这归功于改善的薄膜性能、理想的CBO （<0.24 eV）和界面复合的有效抑制.然而,高浓度Cd合金化可能会导致吸收层薄膜质量变差,出现大量空洞,而且在50%Cd合金化时,晶体结构从锌黄锡矿结构转变为黄锡矿结构,导致器件性能显著恶化.

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Grid-Connected/Islanded Switching Control Strategy for Photovoltaic Storage Hybrid Inverters Based on Modified Chimpanzee Optimization Algorithm

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Energy Engineering 2025年第1期122卷 265-284页

作者： Chao Zhou NarisuWang Fuyin Ni Wenchao Zhang School of Electrical and information Engineering Jiangsu University of TechnologyChangzhou213001China jiangsu key laboratory of Power Transmission&Distribution Equipment Technology Jiangsu University of TechnologyChangzhou213001China

Uneven power distribution,transient voltage,and frequency deviations are observed in the photovoltaic storage hybrid inverter during the switching between grid-connected and island *** response to these issues,this paper proposes a grid-connected/island switching control strategy for photovoltaic storage hybrid inverters based on the modified chimpanzee optimization *** proposed strategy incorporates coupling compensation and power differentiation elements based on the traditional droop ***,it combines the angular frequency and voltage amplitude adjustments provided by the phase-locked loop-free pre-synchronization control *** pre-synchronization is achieved by regulating the virtual current to zero and aligning the photovoltaic storage hybrid inverter with the grid ***,two novel operators,learning and emotional behaviors are introduced to enhance the optimization precision of the chimpanzee *** operators ensure high-precision and high-reliability optimization of the droop control parameters for photovoltaic storage hybrid inverters.A Simulink model was constructed for simulation analysis,which validated the optimized control strategy’s ability to evenly distribute power under load *** strategy effectively mitigated transient voltage and current surges during mode ***,seamless and efficient switching between gridconnected and island modes was achieved for the photovoltaic storage hybrid *** enhanced energy utilization efficiency,in turn,offers robust technical support for grid stability.

关键词： Photovoltaic storage hybrid inverters modified chimpanzee optimization algorithm droop control seamless switching

Malicious Document Detection Based on GGE Visualization

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 1233-1254页

作者： Youhe Wang Yi Sun Yujie Li Chuanqi Zhou Henan Province key laboratory of information Security Information Engineering UniversityZhengzhou450000China

With the development of anti-virus technology,malicious documents have gradually become the main pathway of Advanced Persistent Threat(APT)attacks,therefore,the development of effective malicious document classifiers has become particularly ***,detection methods based on document structure and behavioral features encounter challenges in feature engineering,these methods not only have limited accuracy,but also consume large resources,and usually can only detect documents in specific formats,which lacks versatility and *** address such problems,this paper proposes a novel malicious document detection method-visualizing documents as GGE images(Grayscale,Grayscale matrix,Entropy).The GGE method visualizes the original byte sequence of the malicious document as a grayscale image,the information entropy sequence of the document as an entropy image,and at the same time,the grayscale level co-occurrence matrix and the texture and spatial information stored in it are converted into grayscale matrix image,and fuses the three types of images to get the GGE color *** Convolutional Block Attention Module-EfficientNet-B0(CBAM-EfficientNet-B0)model is then used for classification,combining transfer learning and applying the pre-trained model on the ImageNet dataset to the feature extraction process of GGE *** shown in the experimental results,the GGE method has superior performance compared with other methods,which is suitable for detecting malicious documents in different formats,and achieves an accuracy of 99.44%and 97.39%on Portable Document Format(PDF)and office datasets,respectively,and consumes less time during the detection process,which can be effectively applied to the task of detecting malicious documents in real-time.

关键词： Malicious document visualization EfficientNet-B0 convolutional block attention module GGE image

Bifunctional bridging capping layer enables 24.5% efficiency of perovskite solar cells with polymer-based hole transport materials

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 350-359页

作者： Can Zhu Yiyang Wang Lei Meng Beibei Qiu Jing Li Shucheng Qin Ke Hu Xin Jiang Wenbin Lai Minchao Liu Zhe Liu Chenxing Lu Jinyuan Zhang Yongfang Li Beijing National laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Chemical Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences key laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devices of Zhejiang Province College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering Zhejiang Normal University key laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University

Developing a bridge capping layer between perovskite and hole transport layer materials（HTMs） in the n-i-p perovskite solar cells（pero-SCs） is an effective approach to modify the morphology of HTMs and passivate the perovskite ***, we select the quinoxaline-based bifunctional passivation agent, quinoxalin-6-yl-methylamine hydrochloride（Qx MACl）,as the bridging layer, and a D-A copolymer PBQ12 containing the same quinoxaline unit as an HTM for the n-i-p pero-SCs. Due to the π-π stacking among the common quinoxaline units in the bridge layer and HTM, Qx MACl induces the π-π stacking of the PBQ12 film and improves the film morphology of HTMs with better conductivity. Additionally, Qx MACl can effectively passivate the perovskite surface, and PBQ12 possesses appropriate energy levels and high hole mobility. The pero-SCs based on FAPbI3with PBQ12/Qx MACl treatment showed a higher power conversion efficiency（PCE） of 24.05% and outstanding stability, maintaining 95.4% and 92.1% of its initial PCE after 750 h of storage and after over 800 h of thermal annealing at 85 °C, respectively. To further enhance the PCE of the PBQ12/Qx MACl-based devices, we developed a non-metal ion dopant for the PBQ12 HTM. Through trace doping of PBQ12 HTM by the non-metal ion dopant, the PCE of the PBQ12/Qx MACl-based devices reached 25.24%（the calibrated PCE of 24.55% by the National Institute of Metrology, China）.

关键词： D-A copolymer, hole transport materials, bifunctional bridge capping layer, passivation perovskite solar cells

Experimental demonstration of 220-GHz terahertz signals wireless transmission over 4.6 km

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Science China(information Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 386-388页

作者： Yi WEI Jianjun YU Mingxu WANG Xiongwei YANG Qiutong ZHANG Jingwen TAN Bing ZHANG Ying WU Yang HAN Peng TIAN Wen ZHOU Kaihui WANG Feng ZHAO State key laboratory of ASIC and System Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE)School of Information Science and Technology Fudan University School of Electronic Engineering Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications

The advancement of terahertz (THz) communication technology drives the evolution of wireless communication systems,offering novel pathways and technical means for the development of future 6G communication *** wireless communication systems are often constrained by bandwidth limitations of electronic devices in high frequency ***,THz communication technology leverages the characteristics of electromagnetic waves to transcend these limitations,enabling communication athigher frequencies and wider bandwidths.

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Quantum public-key crypto via EPR pairs

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 58-63页

作者： Xiang-Qun Fu Hong-Wei Li Jian-Hong Shi Tan Li Wan-Su Bao Henan key laboratory of Quantum information and Cryptography Information Engineering University Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China

With the development of quantum computing technology, quantum public-key cryptography is gradually becoming an alternative to the existing classical public-key cryptography. This paper designs a quantum trapdoor one-way function via EPR pairs and quantum measurements. Based on this, a new quantum public-key cryptosystem is presented, which offers forward security,and can resist the chosen-plaintext attack and chosen-ciphertext attack. Compared with the existing quantum public-key cryptos,eavesdropping can be automatically detected in this new quantum public-key cryptosystem under a necessary condition, which is also detailed in the paper.

关键词： quantum public-key crypto trapdoor one-way function EPR pairs

Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)films with simultaneous high oxygen barrier and fast degradation properties

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Green Energy & Environment 2025年第1期10卷 1-10页

作者： Mengjing Yang Yuxi Mao Penghui Zhang Jie Li Zeming Tong Zhenguo Liu Yanhui Chen Institute of Flexible electronics Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China key laboratory of Flexible electronics of Zhejiang Province Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University218 Qingyi RoadNingbo315103China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China

Although poly(lactic acid)(PLA)is a good environmentally-friendly bio-degradable polymer which is used to substitute traditional petrochemical-based polymer packaging films,the barrier properties of PLA films are still insufficient for high-barrier packaging *** this study,oxygen scavenger hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB)and cobalt salt catalyst were incorporated into the PLA/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)(PLA/PBAT),followed by melting extrusion and three-layer co-extrusion blown film process to prepare the composite *** oxygen permeability coefficient of the composite film combined with 6 wt%oxygen scavenger and 0.4 wt%catalyst was decreased significantly from 377.00 cc·mil·m^(-2)·day^(-1)·0.1 MPa^(-1) to 0.98 cc·mil·m^(-2)·day^(-1)·0.1 MPa^(-1),showing a remarkable enhancement of 384.69 times compared with the PLA/PBAT composite ***,the degradation behavior of the composite film was also accelerated,exhibiting a mass loss of nearly 60%of the original mass after seven days of degradation in an alkaline environment,whereas PLA/PBAT composite film only showed a mass loss of 32%.This work has successfully prepared PLA/PBAT composite films with simultaneously improved oxygen barrier property and degradation behavior,which has great potential for high-demanding green chemistry packaging industries,including food,agricultural,and military packaging.

关键词： Barrier property Oxygen scavenging Blow molding Eco-packaging Degradable composite film

MoS2 synaptic transistor with one-step manufacture

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Science China(information Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 357-365页

作者： Yihao GUO Yang WANG Wenjie DENG Yi WU Jingtao LI Kexin LI Yuehui ZHAO Songlin YU Xiaoting WANG Yongzhe ZHANG Hui YAN key laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology of Education Ministry of China Faculty of Information TechnologyBeijing University of Technology key laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials Ministry of Education Faculty of Materials and ManufacturingBeijing University of Technology The 11th Research Institute of electronics Technology Group Corporation

The synaptic transistor,which is a neuromorphic device with brain-like functions,has garnered significant attention due to characteristics such as low energy consumption,high integration,multiple functions,and high computational ***,the current synaptic transistor possesses a complicated structure and involves complex manufacturing steps,which is not conducive to low-cost,large-scale bionic ***,we introduce a simple MoS2synaptic transistor exhibiting robust synaptic *** transistor utilizes magnetron sputtering manufacture to combine the process of device metal electrode deposition and the introduction of defect states,which helps streamline the manufacturing process into a single *** long-term potentiation and long-term depression in photoelectric coordination are initially ***,biological functions,such as double pulse facilitation and the transformation behavior of short-term memory to long-term memory,are thoroughly evaluated,along with learning-forgetting-relearning ***,the device exhibits robust synaptic plasticity until incident light angles down to 30° to imitate the multi-to-one axon-cellular ***,a classical simulation of Pavlov's dog conditioned reflex is demonstrated along with the multiview extraction *** experimental results demonstrate a promising synaptic transistor with a simple structure,manufacturing technique,and excellent *** further indicates the potential for large-scale integration of bionic neuromorphic systems.

关键词： process optimization artificial synaptic device one-stepmanufacture synaptic plasticity bionic simulation

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Prospects on mangrove knowledge services in the smart era: From plant atlas to knowledge graphs

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 111-127页

作者： Zhi-Wei HOU Wenlong JING Cheng-Zhi QIN Ji YANG Qing XIA Xiaoling YIN key laboratory of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical information System Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application Guangzhou Institute of Geography Guangdong Academy of Sciences Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong laboratory (Guangzhou) State key laboratory of Resources and Environmental information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology

Mangroves are crucial to the ecological security of the Earth and human well-being. Their management, conservation, and restoration are of great importance and necessitate the support of spatio-temporal information and multidisciplinary knowledge such as biology and ecology. Traditional knowledge services such as plant atlas provide illustrated textual knowledge of mangroves. However, this kind of service is oriented to information retrieval and is incapable of effectively mining and utilizing fragmented knowledge from multi-source heterogeneous data, facing the problem of “massive data, rare knowledge”. Knowledge graphs are capable of extracting, organizing, and fusing the knowledge contained in massive data into semantic networks that can be understood and computed by computers. They provide a solution for the realization of intelligent knowledge services. Focusing on the urgent need for mangrove knowledge acquisition, formal representation, and intelligent services, this paper proposes a research prospect on mangrove knowledge graphs and knowledge services. We first analyze the similarities and differences between various domain-specific concepts of Tupu. On this basis, we define the mangrove knowledge graph as a large-scale knowledge base that integrates multi-disciplinary knowledge and spatio-temporal information with mangrove ecosystems as the core. Then, we propose a research framework for mangrove knowledge services that can realize the transformation from multi-modal data to intelligent knowledge services, including multiple research levels such as ubiquitous data sensing and aggregation, knowledge organization and graph construction, and intelligent mangrove knowledge services. Subsequently, the methods and workflow for constructing mangrove knowledge graphs are introduced. Finally, we discuss the challenges and possible future directions of mangrove knowledge services in the smart era, including the construction of a mangrove knowledge system that integra

关键词： Mangrove Tupu Knowledge graph Multi-modal Knowledge service