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Gasification of lignite from Polish coal mine to hydrogen-rich gas

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2022年第6期9卷 151-160页

作者： Adam Smolinski Slawomir Wochna Natalia Howaniec Central Mining Institute Plac Gwarkow 140-166 KatowicePoland PGE Górnictwo i Energetyka Konwencjonalna S.A. Oddz.Kopalnia Wegla Brunatnego TurówGórników Turowa 159-916 BogatyniaPoland Department of Energy Saving and Air protection Central Mining InstitutePlac Gwarkow 140-166 KatowicePoland

The efforts of the world research activities involved in clean coal technologies development focus to a considerable extent on integrated hydrogen and power generation technologies based on coal *** an alternative to combustion pro-cesses,gasification offers increased efficiency,lower negative environmental impact as well as wider application range of the main product—synthesis gas—in power generation and chemical *** order to select the most optimal lignite for the purpose of gasification,it is necessary to determine coal reactivity,the key parameter characterizing how fast the fuel reacts with the gasifying medium and controlling its process ability in thermochemical conversion to energy and/or energy *** paper presents the experimental results of oxygen/steam gasification of lignite coal char in a fixed bed reactor under atmospheric pressure and at the temperature of 700,800 and 900℃;the samples come from an open pit lignite mine in the southwest of *** effectiveness of the gasification process was tested in terms of the total gas and hydrogen yields,gas composition,carbon conversion rate and chars reactivity.

关键词： Coal gasification Hydrogen Syngas Clean coal technologies

Preliminary Study on Airlift Membran-Bioreactor

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2002年第3期10卷 347-348页

作者：徐农邢卫红徐南平时钧 Membrane Science and Technology Research Center Nanjing University of Technology Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Technology of Jiangsu Province Nanjing 210009

A new type of membrane bioreactor named 'airliftmembrane-bioreactor' is discussed. For municipal wastewaterreclamation, the preliminary study on airlift membrane-bioreactorshows its good performance such as higher flux and lower energyconsumption. The airlift membrane-bioreactor is potentiallyapplicable in bioengineer- ing and environmental protection fields.

关键词： airlift bioreactor membrane bioreactor membrane filtration wastewatertreatment

Zavkhan River and Its Catchment Area Delineation Using Satellite Image

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Journal of Water Resource and protection 2013年第10期5卷 919-929页

作者： Ochir Altansukh Munkhjargal Munkhdavaa Bat-Erdene Ariunsanaa Tsetsgee Solongo The Professor’s Team of environmental Science School of Earth Sciences National University of Mongolia Ulaanbaatar Mongolia

The purpose of this research is to define initial parameters of Khyargas Lake-Zavkhan River and its catchment area using satellite images. The study has been done by two datasets: 1) Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) at a horizontal spatial resolution of 90 meters, 2) The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) at a horizontal spatial resolution of 30 meters, using two different models of ArcHydro and Integrated Land and Water Information System (ILWIS) softwares. Main methods of models, that were used in this research are the Deterministic-8, the steepest slope, the spread, the seek computations and the trace analysis. Moreover, input data of the modeling are digital elevation model (DEM) and lake position, outlet location of the river. DEM based ArcHydro model was run on the both datasets, and ILWIS model was run on SRTM data. Several intermediate results were produced while the models run, and initial parameters of the Zavkhan River, its catchment area have been defined at the end of the model. Moreover, final results of the models were compared with each other and with the result of previous research, and with the reality. The result of this study can be used in baseline and advanced research on the catchment area. Besides of that, the result can define a spatial boundary of study on Zavkhan River and its catchment area. Moreover, it would have support for decision-making on ground and surface water resource, distribution and management. Further research, which will cover the entire territory of Mongolia, has to be done using same methodology. The 332nd decision on “River catchment areas of Mongolia” of the Minister of Nature, Environment and Tourism in 2009 has to renew, if a result of that study would be accepted from vocational organization and experts.

关键词： Khyargas Lake-Zavkhan River Catchment Area Initial Parameters of the River Satellite Image Mod-eling

Conceptual Model of Aquifers in the Bedrock Zone of the MarahouéWatershed (Centre-West of Ivory Coast)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment protection 2022年第7期10卷 229-256页

作者： Kouassi Désiré Bouatrin Innocent Kouassi Kouame Aristide Gountôh Douagui Kouamé Auguste Kouassi Bi Tié Albert Goula Geosciences and Environment Laboratory Department of Environmental Sciences and Management Nangui University Abrogoua Abidjan Ivory Coast

Marahoué watershed, located in the Center West of Côte d’Ivoire, has experienced significant population growth in recent decades. And a major economic boom linked to intense agricultural activity and the presence of certain industries. This population growth is also accompanied by seasonal water shortages. Hence it needs to better manage the basin’s groundwater, which is a permanent resource and more resistant than surface water to climatic hazards. The objective of this study is therefore to propose a conceptual model of hydrogeological flow for the sustainable exploitation of groundwater resources in the Marahoué watershed. The establishment of the conceptual model was carried out in two stages. The first step consisted in defining the stratigraphic units. For this purpose, three units have been defined. These are the layer of alterite, the useful fissured horizon and the sound basement. The thickness of the layer of alterite varies from 0 to 80 m with an average of 26 m. As for the useful fissured horizon, its thickness is between 43 and 46.5 with an average of 45 m. In addition, the roof of the basement presents a slightly uneven morphology with a North-West, South-East dip and the altitudes are between 150 and 390 m. The second step corresponds to the phase of determining the hydrodynamic parameters. During this phase, the crack porosity, the transmissivity, the conductivity, the storage coefficient, the hydrological balance and the piezometric map were determined. Indeed, these parameters (the crack porosity, the transmissivity, the conductivity and the storage coefficient) confirm not only the heterogeneity of the medium but that the cracked horizon is sufficiently porous to be assimilated to an equivalent continuous medium during the simulation.

关键词： Marahoué Watershed Conceptual Model Ivory Coast

Unplanned Shutdown Frequency Prediction of FBR MONJU Using Fault Tree Analysis Method

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2014年第7期8卷 1286-1292页

作者： Masutake SOTSU Plant Dynamics Analysis Group FBR Safety Technology Center Japan Antonic Energy Agency 1 Shiraki Tsuruga Fukui 919-1279 Japan

In order to evaluate the operational reliability of Japanese FBR （fast breeder reactor） MONJU, frequencies of important intermediate events and equipment failures resulting during reactor automatic trip are predicted using FTA （fault tree analysis） technique for the plant system model. The targeted devices are the following： PHTS （primary heat transport system）, SHTS （secondary heat transport system）, WS （water and steam system）, PPS （plant protection system） and PCS （plant control system）. In this paper, the frequency of automatic reactor trips was estimated by extracting and analyzing the important intermediate events and equipment failures covering all the derived fault trees of these systems. The analyses predicted 1.2/RY （reactor year） the value of unplanned shut down frequency by the internal factor of the system. The largest contributed event was function failure of SHTS accounting for 42.6% of total events followed by PHTS with 40.1%. The contribution factor of WS was only 4.4%.

关键词： FBR MONJU fault tree analysis.

How Much Fossil Fuel Is in the Earth?

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment protection 2019年第5期7卷 61-68页

作者： Pier Paolo Prosini Department of Energy Technologies ENEA Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic Development Santa Maria di Galeria Rome Italy

In this work, by using an indirect method based on the correspondence between the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere and the quantity of fossil fuel in the Earth, the resources of fossil fuels were evaluated to be about 1.9 × 1016 ton. Unluckily, only a small part of these fuels is easily accessible. Nevertheless, their quantity is so high that it is reasonable to assume that fossil fuels will continue to dominate the global energy scene for several years. The extensive use of fossil fuels alters the ratio between oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The effects of this change are however so slow that they become important only on the geological time scale.

关键词： Fossil Fuels Oxygen Production Consumption Rate Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere

ZIF-Mediated Anchoring of Co species on N-doped Carbon Nanorods as an Efficient Cathode Catalyst for Zn-Air Batteries

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Energy & environmental Materials 2023年第3期6卷 257-263页

作者： Qiang Yu Jianshuai Lv Jiantao Li Ruohan Yu Jinsong Wu Shibo Xi Xinyuan Li Nuo Xu Liang Zhou Liqiang Ma State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266237China Nanostructure Research Centre Wuhan University of TechnologyyWuhan 430070China Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences A*STAR(Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research)Singapore 627833Singapore School of Science Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China

Developing efficient oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)catalyst is essential for the practical application of Zn-air batteries(ZABs).In this contribution,we develop a novel zeolitic imidazolate framework(ZIF)-mediated strategy to anchor Co species on N-doped carbon nanorods for efficient *** ultrahigh N-doping(10.29 at.%),monodisperse Co nanocrystal decoration,and well-dispersed Co-N_(x)functionalization,the obtained Co-decorated N-doped carbon nanorods(Co@NCNR)exhibit a decent ORR performance comparable to commercial Pt/C in alkaline *** ZABs have been assembled using Co@NCNR as the cathode *** assembled ZABs manifest high initial open-circuit voltage as well as high energy *** addition,the Co@NCNR also demonstrates ideal ORR performance in quasi-solid-state ZABs.

关键词： Co nanocrystals Co-N_(x) N-doped carbon oxygen reduction reaction Zn-air battery

Effects of experimental warming on soil microbial communities in two contrasting subalpine forest ecosystems,eastern Tibetan Plateau,China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第8期13卷 1442-1452页

作者： SUN Di-di LI Yue-jiao ZHAO Wen-qiang ZHANG Zi-liang LI Dan-dan ZHAO Chun-zhang LIU Qing Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization&Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China Ecological Security and protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Mianyang Normal UniversityMianyang 621000China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

Soil microbial communities are primarily regulated by environmental temperature. Our study investigated the effects of global warming on soil microbial community composition as measured via phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） analysis and soil chemical characteristics in relation to soil depth in a dragon spruce plantation and a spruce-fir-dominated natural forestin the Eastern Tibetan Plateau. Opentop chambers were utilized to increase the soil and air temperature. Soil samples were collected from the o-10 cm, 10-20cm, and 20-30 cm layers after a 4-year warming. Our results showed that the soil microbial community and the contents of TC （Total carbon）, TN （Total nitrogen）. NO3-. and NH4＋ responded differently to warming in the two contrasting forests, especially at the 0-10 cm soil depth. Warming increased soil microbial biomass at the 0-20 cm depth of soil in natural forest but reduced it at the o-lo cm depth ofsoil in the plantation. In contrast, the TC and TN contents were reduced in most soil layers of a natural forest but increased in all of the soil layers of the plantation under warming conditions. This result suggested that the effects of warming on soil microbial community and soil C and N pools would differ according to soil depth and forest types; thus, the two contrasting forests would under go differing changes following the future climate warming in this region.

关键词： Microbial biomass Microbialcommunity Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) Eastern

Adsorption of Propazine, Simazine and Bisphenol A on the Surface of Nanoparticles of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles of Carbon and Metallic Oxides

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Journal of environmental protection 2018年第1期9卷 13-24页

作者： Matthewos Eshete Jerrano Bowleg Selene G. Perales Maxwell Okunrobo Dominique Watkins Hattie Spencer Department of Natural Sciences and environmental Health Mississippi Valley State University Itta Bena MS USA

Simazine and propazine are selective triazine herbicides currently in use to control broad-leaved weeds and annual grasses around the world. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an industrial chemical used in the production of polycarbonate plastics often found in consumer goods, such as plastic containers, baby bottles etc. These synthetic compounds are known to increase the risk of cancer, cause adverse reproductive effect in reptiles, mammals, birds, humans, and lead to other health problems. They have become some of the principal agents of contamination in water bodies around the world through herbicide runoff, industrial waste and leaching. Some triazines such as atrazine are banned in most European countries for over ten years due to their adverse reproductive effect in mammals, birds and humans;however propazine and simazine are still in use around the world. The removal of these compounds from contaminated water is an exigent challenge. In this study, we investigated their affinity for the surface of nanoparticles (NPS) and standard metallic oxides in an effort to exploit the unique potential applications of NPS for water purification systems. We studied the adsorption of the two triazines and BPA on the surface of NPS of iron (III) oxide, NPS of carbon, bulk iron (III) oxide and aluminum oxide at pH 6 and pH 8 using UV-Visible spectroscopy. Result indicates that these compounds have different affinity towards the surface of metallic oxides and carbon at various pHs. In general, there is relatively high adsorption of some of these compounds on the surface of NPS compared to bulk particles. NPS of carbon have shown the highest affinity for all the three compounds. The lower pH was found to be favorable for all of the compounds except for BPA. BPA have shown high adsorption at pH 8 than at pH 6.

关键词： Triazine Adsorption of Nanoparticles Nanoparticles of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles of Carbon Bisphenol A