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Experimental study of cryogenic treatment of Karaganda coal samples

PETROLEUM RESEARCH 2024年第3期9卷 359-368页

作者： Wang, Lei Yan, Xinchuang Sarmalayev, Iliyas Cha, Minsu Zhang, Dichuan Hazlett, Randy D. Chengdu univ Technol Coll Energy State Key Lab Oil & Gas Reservoir Geol & Exploitat Chengdu 610059 Peoples R China Xian Shiyou univ Engn Res Ctr Dev & Management Low Ultralow Permeab Minist Educ Xian 710065 Peoples R China Nazarbayev univ Petr Engn Dept Astana 010000 Kazakhstan jeju natl univ Dept Civil Engn Jeju 62343 South Korea Nazarbayev univ Dept Civil & Environm Engn Astana 010000 Kazakhstan

Karaganda Coal Basin bears the largest undeveloped reserve of coalbed methane (CBM) in Kazakhstan, which lacks water resources for implementing large-volume hydraulic fracturing. Cryogenic fracturing utilizing liquid nitrogen (LN2) has been trialled in fields and is a waterless fracturing technique under intensive research these days. This study aimed to evaluate the cryogenic treatment efficacy of Karaganda coal samples as well as to understand the coal permeability evolution during the thawing period. X-ray fluorescent spectrometry (XRF) and microscope imaging identified the compositional and structural heterogeneities of coal specimens mined from different interlayers. Acoustic emission test, permeability measurement, and microscope imaging comparatively characterized the dry coal structure alteration before and after immersion into LN2. Cryogenic treatment slowed down the S-wave velocity through coal specimens, enhanced permeability by over 65 % after temperature recovery as well as created new fractures, enlarged existing ones, and spalled coal particles. Dynamic permeability evolution against temperature rise during the thawing process has been successfully captured for the first time. Overall, the experimental measurements support that the LN2 cryogenic fracturing technique would be effective in stimulating coalbeds for CBM production in Karaganda Coal Basin. (c) 2024 The Authors. Publishing services provided by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communication Co. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license .

关键词： Cryogenic treatment Karaganda coal Dynamic permeability Acoustic emission Microscopic image XRF composition LIQUID-NITROGEN

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