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Functional characterization of an orexin neuropeptide in amphioxus reveals an ancient origin of orexin/orexin receptor system in chordate

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2019年第12期62卷 1655-1669页

作者： Peng Wang Meng Wang Liping Zhang Shenjie Zhong Wanyue Jiang Ziyue Wang Chen Sun Shicui Zhang Zhenhui Liu institute of Evolution & Marine biodiversity College of Marine Life Science Ocean University of China

Amphioxus belongs to the subphylum cephalochordata, an extant representative of the most basal chordates, whose regulation of endocrine system remains ambiguous. Here we clearly demonstrated the existence of a functional orexin neuropeptide in amphioxus, which is able to interact with orexin receptor, activate both PKC and PKA pathways, decrease leptin expression, and stimulate lipogenesis. We also showed the transcription level of amphioxus orexin was affected by fasting or temperature,indicating a role of this gene in the regulation of energy balance. In addition, the expression of the amphioxus orexin was detected at cerebral vesicle, which has been proposed to be a homolog of the vertebrate brain. These data collectively suggest that a functional orexin neuropeptide has already emerged in amphioxus, which provide insights into the evolutionary origin of orexin in chordate and the functional homology between the cerebral vesicle and vertebrate brain.

关键词： amphioxus orexin neuropeptide evolution

Selective Extraction Methods for Aluminium,Iron and Organic Carbon from Montane Volcanic Ash Soils

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Pedosphere 2011年第5期21卷 549-565页

作者： B.JANSEN F.H.TONNEIJCK J.M.VERSTRATEN Earth Surface Science research Group Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of Amsterdam IUCN National Committee of the Netherlands Plantage Middenlaan 2C

Montane volcanic ash soils contain disproportionate amounts of soil organic carbon and thereby play an often underestimated role in the global carbon *** the central role of Al and Fe in stabilizing organic matter in volcanic ash soils,we assessed various extraction methods of Al,Fe,and C fractions from montane volcanic ash soils in northern Ecuador,aiming at elucidating the role of Al and Fe in stabilizing soil organic matter(SOM).We found extractions with cold sodium hydroxide,ammonium oxalate/oxalic acid,sodium pyrophosphate,and sodium tetraborate to be particularly *** of these methods yielded information about the role of the mineral phase in stabilizing organic matter and the differences in type and degree of complexation of organic matter with Al and Fe in the various horizons and soil *** tetraborate extraction proved the only soft extraction method that yielded simultaneous information about the Al,Fe,and C fractions *** also appeared to differentiate between SOM fractions of different *** fractions of copper chloride-and potassium chloride-extractable Al were useful in assessing the total reactive and toxic Al fractions,*** classical subdivision of organic matter into humic acids,fulvic acids,and humin added little useful *** use of fulvic acids as a proxy for mobile organic matter as done in several model-based approaches seems invalid in the soils studied.

关键词： complexation global carbon cycle soft extraction method soil organic matter

Regeneration of C_4H_(10) dry reforming catalyst by nonthermal plasma

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2013年第3期22卷 394-402页

作者： Y.S.Mok E.Jwa Y.J.Hyun Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Jeju National UniversityJeju 690-756Republic of Korea Korea institute of Energy research Jeju 699-903Republic of Korea

Carbon deposition via coke formation is one of the critical problems causing catalyst deactivation during the reforming of hydrocarbons. An effort was made to regenerate the catalyst （Ni/γ-alumina） by oxidation methods. Two approaches were carded out for the regeneration of the deactivated catalyst. The first one involves the plasma treatment of the deactivated catalyst in the presence of dry air over a temperature range of 300-500℃, while the second one only the thermal treatment in the same temperature range. The performance of the regenerated catalyst was evaluated in terms of C4H10 and CO2 conversions and the physicochemical characteristics were examined using a surface area analyzer, an elemental analyzer, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. It was observed that the carbon deposit （coke） on the catalyst was about 9.89 wt% after reforming C4H10 for 5 h at 540℃. The simple thermal treatment at 400 ℃ reduced carbon content to 6.59 wt% whereas it was decreased to 3.25 wt% by the plasma and heat combination. The specific surface area was fully restored to the original state by the plasma-assisted regeneration at 500℃. As far as the catalytic activity is concerned, the fresh and regenerated catalysts exhibited similar C4H10 and CO2 conversion efficiencies.

关键词： dry reforming coke formation regeneration plasma catalyst

Convergent patterns in multitrophic biodiversity effects on yield across ecosystems

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2023年第11期66卷 2697-2699页

作者： Christoph Scherber Leibniz institute for the Analysis of biodiversity Change(LIB) Museum KoenigCentre for Biodiversity Monitoring and Conservation ScienceBonn 53113Germany institute of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology University of BonnBonn 53113Germany

In ecosystems managed for food or fiber production,there is often no space for *** example,intensive cereal monocultures are usually managed towards optimized yields using herbicides,fungicides and *** such systems,biodiversity is essentially unwanted,except maybe when it improves soil health or carbon ***,it has been difficult to convincingly show if and where biodiversity is economically important in intensive production systems.

关键词： ecosystems soil biodiversity

Does insect mother know under what conditions it will make their offspring live？

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Insect Science 2017年第1期24卷 141-149页

作者： Fatemeh Kohandani Guillaume Jean Le Goff Thierry Hance Earth and Life institute Biodiversity Research Centre Universite Catholique de Louvain 4 Place Croix du Sud 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium

According to the optimal oviposition theory, the larval success of insects depends on the oviposition site selection by females. Females are expected to choose a site with many resources and few competitors or predators to allow the best performance for their progeny, assuming that ＂mother knows best.＂ However, this is not systematically observed. The Aphidoletes aphidimyza larvae are generalist aphid predators and females consequently lay their eggs near or inside aphid colonies. The goal of this study was to investigate the impact ofintraspecific competition on oviposition behavior of A. aphidimyza females. First, we counted the number of eggs laid by a female on a leaf with 20 aphids, in the presence of 0, 2, 4, or 6 conspecific eggs or in the absence of eggs but in presence of 3 virgin females. The same experiment was also performed under choice condition with 2 oviposition sites. Our results show that the presence of low densities ofconspecific eggs, or the presence of conspecific females, have no significant impact on the number of eggs laid by A. aphidimyza females. One of the hypotheses advanced to explain these results is the advantages of conspecifics presence. At low densities, the presence of eggs on an oviposition site can indicate the suitability of the site for the females. The conspecific presence can also insure a dilution effect against predator and increase the presence of potential mating partners for this monogenic species.

关键词： Aphidoletes aphidimyza clutch size dilution effect intraspecific competition optimal oviposition predatory larvae

Seasonal Changes of Energy Fluxes in an Estuarine Wetland of Shanghai,China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2010年第1期20卷 23-29页

作者： GUO Haiqiang ZHAO Bin CHEN Jiquan YAN Yaner LI Bo CHEN Jiakuan Coastal Ecosystems research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering Institute of Biodiversity Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Department of Environmental Sciences University of Toledo Toledo Ohio 43606 USA

The energy budget and regulating factors were investigated over an estuarine wetland during one year of continuous measurement in *** results show that the seasonal changes of the energy fluxes and Bowen ratio(β) were greatly affected by incoming shortwave radiation and canopy *** the non-growing season and early-growing season, sensible heat(H) dominated the energy flux, and β could reach a maximum of 2.5, while during most of the growing season, latent heat dominated the energy flux and β fluctuated from 0.4 to *** energy budget ratio in growing season was about 0.76, and the value would be higher if heat exchange during tidal flooding was *** tidal flooding days, β was slightly higher than that at exposure days in most *** cover seems exert little effect on energy partitioning except in March when the standing dead grass intercepted the incoming radiation that might reach the soil surface and reduce the turbulence between soil and atmosphere, thus suppressing the evaporation from the soil though the soil mositure was high at that time.

关键词： Bowen ratio esmarine wetland energy partitioning vegetation coverage tidal flooding

Seed germination traits of two plant functional groups in the saline deltaic ecosystems

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2011年第3期4卷 169-177页

作者： Xiao-dong Zhang Wen-ting Xu Bo Yang Ming Nie Bo Li Coastal Ecosystems research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringInstitute of Biodiversity ScienceFudan University220 Handan RoadShanghai 200433People’s Republic of China

Aims Salt stress resulting from soil salinization is one of the driving forces of the land degradation throughout the *** modern Yellow River delta is one of the most saline areas in *** can be an effective way to restore the salinized ecosystems,which requires selecting appropriate plant *** study explored the germination responses of common plant species from contrasting habitats in the Yellow River delta to varying salinity,offering experimental information for ecosystem restoration in the Yellow River *** In this study,15 common plant species from the Yellow River delta were divided into two groups(high-salinity and low-salinity groups)by their natural habitats using Canonical Correlation *** of each species were treated with five salinity levels(0,5,10,20 and 30 ppt),using a randomized complete block design,and germinated seeds were counted and removed daily for 28 days to calculate the final germination proportion and mean time to *** germination responses of seeds to salinity treatments were compared between the two *** Findings In relation to salinity,seed germination behavior of the test species was closely related to the salinity level of the habitats over which they were *** from the habitats with higher salinity had generally higher final germination proportion but shorter mean time to germination than those from the habitats with lower salinity in all of five salinity treatments *** final germination proportion and mean time to germination of low-salinity group species were more sensitive to salinity than those of high-salinity group *** the species with high final germination proportion and short mean time to germination is important for restoration of salinized land.

关键词： deltaic ecosystems functional groups germination traits restoration salinity

Effects of low molecular weight polysaccharide from Sargassum thunbergii against palmitic acid-induced intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocyte and HepG2 cells

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第4期13卷 2244-2252页

作者： Hyo-Geun Lee D.P.Nagahawatta M.J.M.S.Kurera Kyung-Mo Song Yun-Sang Choi You-Jin Jeon Min-Cheol Kang Department of Marine Life Sciences Jeju National UniversityJeju 63243Republic of Korea Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Agriculture and Plantation ManagementWayamba University of Sri LankaMakanduraGonawila(NWP)60170Sri Lanka research Group of Food Processing Korea Food Research Institute245Wanju 55365Republic of Korea

Low molecular weight polysaccharides can be isolated from Sargassum thunbergii(LMPST)and in vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effects on *** natures of LMPST were attained from *** and appraised their LMPST on palmitic acid(PA)induced lipid accretion in Hep G2,and 3T3-L1 *** treatment lessened lipid deposition and intracellular free fatty acid and triglyceride intensities in PA-treated above mentioned *** mechanistic study publicized that LMPST2 significantly suppressed adipogenesis and stimulated the PA-treated 3T3-L1 cells occupied in the lipolysis ***,in PA-treated Hep G2 cells,the free fatty acid oxidation was significantly increased by *** these constructive properties of LMPST2 from ***,is a potential candidate for diminishing the intracellular lipids,and for a therapeutic agent in those conditions.

关键词： Sargassum thunbergii Low molecular weight polysaccharide Lipid accumulation Obesity Liver steatosis

Analysis of an Ar plasma jet in a dielectric barrier discharge conjugated with a microsecond pulse

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Plasma Science and Technology 2019年第9期21卷 73-81页

作者： Duc Ba NGUYEN Quang Hung TRINH Won Gyu LEE Young Sun MOK Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Jeju National University Jeju 63243 Republic of Korea Center for Advanced Chemistry Institute of Research and Development Duy Tan University 03 Quang Trung Da Nang Vietnam Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering Kangwon National University Chuncheon Kangwon 24341 Republic of Korea

In this work, an Ar plasma jet generated by an AC-microsecond-pulse-driven dielectric barrier discharge reactor, which had two ring-shaped electrodes isolated from the ambient atmosphere by transformer oil, was investigated. By special design of the oil insulation, a chemically active Ar plasma jet along with a safe and stable plasma process as well as low emission of CO and NOxwere successfully achieved. The results indicated that applied voltage and frequency were basic factors influencing the jet temperature, discharge power, and jet length, which increased significantly with the two operating parameters. Meanwhile, gas velocity affected the jet temperature in a reverse direction. In comparison with a He plasma jet, the Ar plasma jet had relatively low jet temperature under the same level of the input parameters, being preferable for bio-applications. The Ar plasma jet has been tested to interact with human skin within 5 min without the perception of burnt skin and electrical shock.

关键词： Ar plasma jet atmospheric pressure plasma jet OES of Ar gas emission of Ar plasma jet transformer oil