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Effects of soil moisture and light intensity on ecophysiological characteristics of Amorpha fruticosa seedlings

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Journal of Forestry research 2013年第2期24卷 293-300页

作者： ZHANG Xiu-ru TAN Xiang-feng WANG Ren-qing XU Nan-nan GUO Wei-hua institute of Ecology and biodiversity College of Life Sciences Shandong University Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University

We investigated the combined effects of soil moisture and light intensity on the growth, development and ecophysiological characteristics of one-year old Amorpha fruticosa seedlings. Soil moisture and light intensity influenced the ecophysiological characteristics of Amorpha fruticosa seedlings. Soil moisture resulted in the decreases of growth rate, individual size, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, leaf water loss rate （WLR）, and biomass accumulation of plant parts, and led to increased leaf water saturation deficit （WSD）. Under water stress, more photosynthetic products were allocated to root growth. With decreasing light intensity, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, chla/b, water saturation deficit, water use efficiency, water loss rate and biomass accumulation declined, while Chla, Chlb, Chla＋b and carotenoids （Car） increased and more photosynthetic products were allocated to stem and leaf growth. Maximum growth vigor, net photosynthetic rate and total biomass accumulation in Amorpha fruticosa seedlings was recorded at 75 80% soil water-holding capacity and 100% light density in greenhouse environments.

关键词： Amorpha fruticosa ecophysiological characteristics light intensity seedling soil moisture

Population trends, threats, and conservation recommendations for waterbirds in China

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Avian research 2018年第2期9卷 89-101页

作者： Xiaodan Wang Fenliang Kuang Kun Tan Zhijun Ma Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC) Fudan University

Background: China is one of the countries with abundant waterbird diversity. Over the past decades, China's waterbirds have suffered increasing threats from direct and indirect human activities. It is important to clarify the population trends of and threats to waterbirds as well as to put forward conservation ***: We collected data of population trends of a total of 260 waterbird species in China from Wetlands International database. We calculated the number of species with increasing, declining, stable, and unknown trends. We collected threatened levels of waterbirds from the Red List of China's Vertebrates(2016), which was compiled according to the IUCN criteria of threatened species. Based on literature review, we refined the major threats to the threatened waterbird species in ***: Of the total 260 waterbird species in China, 84 species(32.3%) exhibited declining, 35 species(13.5%) kept stable, and 16 species(6.2%) showed increasing trends. Population trends were unknown for 125 species(48.1%). There was no significant difference in population trends between the migratory(32.4% decline) and resident(31.8% decline) species or among waterbirds distributed exclusively along coasts(28.6% decline), inland(36.6% decline), and both coasts and inland(32.5% decline). A total of 38 species(15.1% of the total) were listed as threatened species and 27 species(10.8% of the total) Near Threatened species. Habitat loss was the major threat to waterbirds, with 32 of the total 38(84.2%) threatened species being affected. In addition, 73.7%(28 species), 71.1%(27 species), and 57.9%(22 species) of the threatened species were affected by human disturbance, environmental pollution, and illegal hunting, ***: We propose recommendations for waterbird conservation, including(1) strengthening conservation of nature wetlands and restoration of degraded wetlands,(2) enhancing public awareness on waterbird conservation,(3) improving the en

关键词： Conservation Habitats Population trend Threatened species Waterbirds Wetlands China

Hydropower reservoirs on the upper Mekong River modify nutrient bioavailability downstream

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National Science Review 2020年第9期7卷 1449-1457页

作者： Qiuwen Chen Wenqing Shi Jef Huisman Stephen C.Maberly Jianyun Zhang Juhua Yu Yuchen Chen Daniele Tonina Qitao Yi State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources & Hydraulic Engineering Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute Center for Eco-Environment research Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of Amsterdam Lake Ecosystems Group UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology 5. Department of Eco-Environment Conservation Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development 6. Center for Ecohydraulics Research University of Idaho

Hydropower development is the key strategy in many developing countries for energy supply,climate-change mitigation and economic development. However, it is commonly assumed that river dams retain nutrients and therefore reduce downstream primary productivity and fishery catches, compromising food security and causing trans-boundary disputes. Contrary to expectation, here we found that a cascade of reservoirs along the upper Mekong River increased downstream bioavailability of nitrogen and *** dams caused phytoplankton density to increase with hydraulic residence time and stratification of the stagnant reservoirs caused hypoxia at depth. This allowed the release of bioavailable phosphorus from the sediment and an increase in dissolved inorganic nitrogen as well as a shift in nitrogen species from nitrate to ammonium, which were transported downstream by the discharge of water from the base of the dam. Our findings provide a new perspective on the environmental impacts of river dams on nutrient cycling and ecosystem functioning, with potential implications for sustainable development of hydropower worldwide.

关键词： Mekong River cascade reservoirs downstream nutrient bioavailability nitrogen phosphorus

Rediscovery and Redescription of Tropidophorus micropus van Lidth de Jeude,1905(Squamata:Sauria:Scincidae)from Sarawak,East Malaysia(Borneo)

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Asian Herpetological research 2017年第2期18卷 147-150页

作者： Yong Min PUI Indraneil DAS institute of biodiversity and Environmental Conservation Universiti Malaysia SarawakKota Samarahan 94300SarawakMalaysia

Tropidophorus micropus van Lidth de Jeude, 1905, described from the upper Mahakkam River, Kalimantan, Indonesia, is here redescribed, based on new material from upper Baleh, Sarawak, East Malaysia（Borneo）, collected after over 100 years. The new locality is ca. 94 km to the north of the type locality, and comprises a new national record.

关键词： Tropidophorus micropus rediscovery Scincidae Malaysia Borneo

While neither universally applicable nor practical operationally, the biological species concept continues to offer a compelling framework for studying species and speciation

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National Science Review 2020年第8期7卷 1398-1400页

作者： Lexuan Gao Loren H.Rieseberg CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Botany and biodiversity research Centre University of British Columbia

Few topics in evolutionary biology have received as much scrutiny and debate as the nature of species and species concepts. This is partly because species are central to many fields of biology(but especially evolution, ecology, systematics, and conservation biology), and there does not appear to be a single concept that can satisfy the needs of these different disciplines [1].

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Positive association between forest management, environmental change, and forest bird abundance

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Forest Ecosystems 2019年第1期6卷 26-37页

作者： Ernst Detlef Schulze Dylan Craven Andrew M.Durso Jiri Reif Marcus Guderle Franz Kroiher Petra Hennig Anne Weiserbs Peter Schall Christian Ammer Nico Eisenhauer Max Planck institute for Biogeochemistry biodiversity Macroecology and Biogeography Faculty of forest Science and Forest Ecology University G?ttingen institute of Environmental Studies Faculty of ScienceCharles University Thünen-institute for Forest Ecosystems Aves-Natagora Départment Etudes Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the temperate Zones University of G?ttingen German Centre for Integrative biodiversity research (iDiv) and Leipzig University Institute of Biology

Background: The global decrease in wildlife populations, especially birds, is mainly due to land use change and increasing intensity of land use(Parmesan and Yohe 2003). However, impacts of management tools to mitigate biodiversity loss at regional and global scales are less apparent in forest regions that have a constant forest area,and which did not suffer from habitat degradation, and where forests are sustainably managed, such as in Central Europe or the northeastern USA. A biodiversity assessment for Germany suggested, for example, that bird populations were constant(Bundesamt für Naturschutz 2015).Results: This study shows that changes in the environment and in forest management over the past 45 years have had a significant, positive effect on the abundance of non-migratory forest bird species in Central Europe. Economy(timber prices and GDP), forest management(timber harvest and mixed forest area), and environmental factors(atmospheric CO_2 concentration and nitrogen deposition) were investigated together with changes in abundances of migratory and non-migratory forest birds using partial least squares path modeling. Climate change, resulting in longer seasons and milder winters, and forest management, promoting tree diversity, were significantly positively related to the abundance of non-migratory forest birds and explained 92% of the variation in their abundance in Europe. Regionally-migrating forest birds had stable populations with large variation, while birds migrating across continents declined in recent decades, suggesting significant, contrasting changes in bird populations in Europe. In northeastern North America we also found evidence that non-migratory forests have experienced long-term increases in abundance, and this increase was related to management. The increase of populations of nonmigratory forest birds in Europe and North America is associated with an increase in structural diversity and disturbances at the landscape ***: Our

关键词： Climate change Birds biodiversity Timber harvest Econo my Forest management

Trophic Ecology of Ansonia latidisca at Gunung Penrissen, Sarawak, North-Western Borneo

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Asian Herpetological research 2021年第2期12卷 250-260页

作者： Jia Jet ONG Indraneil DAS institute of biodiversity ami Environmental Conservation Universiti Malaysia SarawakKota Samamhan 94300SaniwakMalaysiii

Dietary data on Ansonia latidisca, the little known Bornean Rainbow Toad, are presented, through an investigation of a population at Gunung Penrissen, Sarawak, Malaysia(north-western Borneo), at elevations between 1,100–1,229 m asl. Standard sampling techniques, including visual encounter surveys, were employed and individuals encountered stomach-flushed, ma rked, a nd released. The volume of food ingested by adults, apart from large females, did not vary monthly, and there was no significant difference between wet and dry periods, the dominance index between the two periods showing no significant difference, indicating that seasonal variation does not affect the dietary constitution of the species across months. The mean longest prey was recovered from a female in March, during the end of the wet season. Larger individuals did not consume larger prey in the species, although larger females did harvest the largest insects, and as may be expected, had fewer prey items in their stomachs at the time. Males fed on fewer prey items than females, the adult male diet predominantly comprised of members of the Hymenoptera, including formicids(ants), as indicated by percentage frequency of occurrence of 78.69, while for adult females, equivalent figure was 90.70. Coleopterans(beetles) were found secondary in importance(48.8% in females, 5.85% in males), the rest categorized as tertiary. Plant items(including bryophytes) had a high frequency of occurrence(23.3% in females, 4.64% in males). Females examined in the month of July had voluminous stomach contents, and may have eaten more to increase fat reserves for breeding in the upcoming wet season. Since the diet of all size classes consisted of hymenopterans(ants) and coleopterans, the study species is here considered to have a narrow food preference, and consequently, is a dietary specialist.

关键词： Ansonia latidisca Borneo diet ecology Malaysia Sarawak

Cost-reduction strategies in massive genomics experiments

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2019年第1期1卷 15-21页

作者： Haichao Li Kun Wu Chenchen Ruan Jiao Pan Yujin Wang Hongan Long institute of Evolution and Marine biodiversity KLMMEOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China

Many modern biology studies require deep, whole-genome sequencing of hundreds to thousands of samples. Although persamplecosts have dramatically decreased, the total budget for such massive genome sequencing constitutes a significantbarrier for poorly funded labs. The costly lab tools required for genomics experiments further hinder such studies. Here, weshare two strategies for extensively reducing the costs of massive genomics experiments, including miniaturization of theNEBNext Ultra II FS DNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina (reducing the per-sample total costs to ~ 1/6 of that charged byservice providers) and in-lab 3D model-designing of genomics tools. These strategies not only dramatically release fundingpressure for labs, but also provide students with additional training in hands-on genomics and 3D-model-designing skills,demonstrating the high potential for their application in genomics experiments and science education.

关键词： 3D model designing and printing Genome sequencing Lab-made tools Library construction Miniaturization

Discovery and preclinical development of ⅢM-160, a Bergenia ciliatabased anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic botanical drug candidate

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第3期17卷 192-204页

作者： Sandip B.Bharate Vikas Kumar Sonali S.Bharate Bikarma Singh Gurdarshan Singh Amarinder Singh Mehak Gupta Deepika Singh Ajay Kumar Surjeet Singh Ram A.Vishwakarma Medicinal Chemistry Division Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Council of Scientific and Industrial Research PK-PD Toxicology & Formulation Division Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Council of Scientific and Industrial Research biodiversity and Applied Botany Division Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Quality Control and Quality Assurance Division Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Council of Scientific and Industrial Research

Objective: Bergenia ciliata(Haw.) Sternb. is used in the Indian traditional system of medicine to treat various ailments including rheumatism and to heal wounds. The objective of the present study was to perform a preclinical characterization of the B. ciliata-based botanical extract ***: ⅢM-160 was chemically standardized and analyzed for heavy metal content, aflatoxins,pesticides and microbial load. The in vitro and in vivo efficacies were determined in suitable models of inflammation, arthritis and nociception. An acute oral toxicity study was performed in Swiss albino mice.A suitable oral formulation was developed and ***: Bergenin was found to be the major component(9.1% w/w) of ⅢM-160. The botanical lead displayed inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines in THP-1 cells, with selectivity toward interleukin-6(IL-6) and had an excellent safety-window. It showed anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic and antinociceptive activity in animal models and was not toxic at oral doses up to 2 g/kg in Swiss-albino mice. The gastroretentive, sustained-release capsule formulation showed sustained-release of the bergenin over the period of 24 h, resulting in improved plasma-exposure of bergenin in Sprague–Dawley ***: The dual-activity of IL-6 inhibition and antinociception marks the suitability of ⅢM-160 for treating rheumatoid arthritis. This study will serve as the benchmark for further research on this botanical formulation.

关键词： Botanical preclinical candidate UIM-160 Bergenia ciliata Arthritis Gastroretentive sustained release formulation Bergenin