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詹姆斯·林德图书馆：解释和说明医学治疗公平试验的发展

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中国循证医学杂志 2011年第2期11卷 113-116页

作者： Iain Chalmers Iain Milne Ulrich Trhler Jan Vandenbroucke Alfredo Morabia George Tait Estela Dukan 于洁王琪 james lind initiative OxfordUK The Sibbald Library Royal College of Physicians of EdinburghUK Department of Social and Preventive Medicine University of BernSwitzerland Department of Clinical Epidemiology Leiden University Hospitalthe Netherlands CBNS Queens CollegeCity University of New YorkUSA Information Services Royal College of Physicians of EdinburghUK

建立詹姆斯·林德图书馆(***)的目的是促进公众和专业人员对卫生保健治疗措施的公平试验及其历史的了解。爱丁堡英国皇家内科医生协会在十年前就为其成立奠定了基础,其行政中心位于协会的Sibbald图书馆——全世界收录历史性的医学手稿... 详细信息

建立詹姆斯·林德图书馆(***)的目的是促进公众和专业人员对卫生保健治疗措施的公平试验及其历史的了解。爱丁堡英国皇家内科医生协会在十年前就为其成立奠定了基础,其行政中心位于协会的Sibbald图书馆——全世界收录历史性的医学手稿、文件和书籍的最重要的图书馆之一。詹姆斯·林德图书馆通过系列性含插图的短文(目前有英语、阿拉伯语、中文、法语、葡萄牙语、俄语和西班牙语等版本)向网站登录者介绍治疗措施的公平试验的原则。登陆者可以从网站免费下载《验证治疗措施的公平——高质量研究促进高质量卫生保健》一书(100页)的英语、阿拉伯语和西班牙语版本。为了说明从公元前2000年至今治疗措施的公平试验观念的演变,詹姆斯·林德图书馆收录了手稿、书籍及期刊论文的重要章节和图像,其中很多都附有评注、传记、肖像和其他相关文献、图像,包括音频和视频文件。随着新的相关记录被确认及治疗措施的公平试验方法的进展,网站一直不断地在补充新的材料。当前网站每月有上百万的登陆者,由一个多语种的国际化编辑团队负责及监管其发展。

关键词：临床试验流行病学治疗措施的评价医学史

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Observation of the density dependence of the closed-channel fraction of a 6Li superfluid

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National Science Review 2022年第10期9卷 105-111页

作者： Xiang-Pei Liu Xing-Can Yao Hao-Ze Chen Xiao-Qiong Wang Yu-Xuan Wang Yu-Ao Chen Qijin Chen Kathryn Levin Jian-Wei Pan Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China Shanghai Branch CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences james Franck Institute University of Chicago

Atomic Fermi gases provide an ideal platform for studying pairing and superfluid physics,using a Feshbach resonance between closed-channel molecular states and open-channel scattering *** particular interest is the strongly interacting *** show that the closed-channel fraction Zccprovides an effective probe for important many-body interacting effects,especially through its density dependence,which is absent from two-body theoretical *** we measure Zccas a function of interaction strength and the Fermi temperature TF in a trapped 6Li superfluid throughout the entire Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer-Bose-Einstein-condensate crossover,in quantitative agreement with theory when important thermal contributions outside the superfluid core are taken into *** from the deep-BEC regime,the fraction Zccis sensitive to *** particular,our data show Zcc∝TFαwith α=1/2at unitarity,in quantitative agreement with calculations of a two-channel pairing fluctuation theory,and a increases rapidly into the BCS regime,reflecting many-body interaction effects as predicted.

关键词： closed-channel fraction density dependence strongly interacting Fermi gas many-body effect

Lessons learned:Symbiotic autonomous robot ecosystem for nuclear environments

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IET Cyber-Systems and Robotics 2023年第4期5卷 63-86页

作者： Daniel Mitchell Paul Dominick Emor Baniqued Abdul Zahid Andrew West Bahman Nouri Rahmat Abadi Barry Lennox Bin Liu Burak Kizilkaya David Flynn David John Francis Erwin Jose Lopez Pulgarin Guodong Zhao Hasan Kivrak Jamie Rowland Douglas Blanche Jennifer David Jingyan Wang Joseph Bolarinwa Kanzhong Yao Keir Groves Liyuan Qi Mahmoud A.Shawky Manuel Giuliani Melissa Sandison Olaoluwa Popoola Ognjen Marjanovic Paul Bremner Samuel Thomas Harper Shivoh Nandakumar Simon Watson Subham Agrawal Theodore Lim Thomas Johnson Wasim Ahmad Xiangmin Xu Zhen Meng Zhengyi Jiang james Watt School of Engineering Autonomous Systems and Connectivity DivisionUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of ManchesterManchesterUK Bristol Robotics Laboratory University of the West of EnglandBristolUK Heriot-Watt University EdinburghUK

Nuclear facilities have a regulatory requirement to measure radiation levels within Post Operational Clean Out(POCO)around nuclear facilities each year,resulting in a trend towards robotic deployments to gain an improved understanding during nuclear decommissioning *** UK Nuclear Decommissioning Authority supports the view that human-in-the-loop(HITL)robotic deployments are a solution to improve procedures and reduce risks within radiation characterisation of nuclear *** authors present a novel implementation of a Cyber-Physical System(CPS)deployed in an analogue nuclear environment,comprised of a multi-robot(MR)team coordinated by a HITL operator through a digital twin *** development of the CPS created efficient partnerships across systems including robots,digital systems and *** was presented as a multi-staged mission within an inspection scenario for the hetero-geneous Symbiotic Multi-Robot Fleet(SMuRF).Symbiotic interactions were achieved across the SMuRF where robots utilised automated collaborative governance to work together,where a single robot would face challenges in full characterisation of *** contributions include the demonstration of symbiotic autonomy and query-based learning of an autonomous mission supporting scalable autonomy and autonomy as a *** coordination of the CPS was a success and displayed further challenges and improvements related to future MR fleets.

关键词： cyber-systems field robotics hazardous inspection human robot interaction industrial robotics mobile robots multi-agent systems multi-robot systems robotics service robots

Using a modern analogue to interpret depositional position in ancient fluvial-tidal channels:Example from the McMurray Formation,Canada

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第6期10卷 2219-2238页

作者： Andrew D.La Croix Shahin E.Dashtgard james A.MacEachern Energy initiative University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland4072Australia Applied Research in Ichnology and Sedimentology(ARISE)Group Department of Earth SciencesSimon Fraser University8888 University DriveBurnabyBCV5A 1S6Canada

The fluvial-tidal transition(FTT)is a complex depositional zone,where fluvial flow is modified by tides as rivers approach a receiving marine *** in the relative importance of tidal versus fluvial processes lead to a distinctive distribution of sediments that accumulate on channel *** FTT generally consists of three broad zones:(1)a freshwater-tidal zone;(2)a tidally influenced freshwater to brackish-water transition:and(3)a zone of relatively sustained brackish-water conditions with stronger tides.A very common type of deposit through the fluvial-tidal transition,especially on the margins of migrating channels,is inclined heterolithic stratification(IHS).At present,a detailed account of changes in the character of IHS across the FIT of a paleo-channel system has not been reported,although a number of modern examples have been *** fill this gap,we quantitatively assess the sedimentology and ichnology of IHS from seven cored intervals in three geographic areas situated within the youngest paleovalley("A"Valley)in the Lower Cretaceous McMurray Formation of *** compare the data to trends defined along the FTT in the present-day Fraser River in British *** to interpret paleo-depositional position in the ancient fluvial-tidal *** determined that the mean mudstone thickness is 8.2 cm in the southern study area(SA).Mean thickness increases to 11 cm in the central study area(CA),and decreases again to 4.4 cm in the northern study area(NA).The proportion of mudstone is 31%in SA,44%in CA,and 27%in *** mean bioturbation intensity in sands varied from 0.29 in SA and *** 0.28 in *** the other hand,thickness-weighted mean bioturbation intensity(Bl)in mudstone increases from 1.46 in *** 1.77 in *** is 1.94 in *** ichnological diversity also increased from south to *** results show sinilar trends to those of the Fraser River,enabling the identification of a freshwater

关键词： Fluvial-tidal transition McMurray Formation Fraser river Inclined heterolithic stratification Modern analogue Quantirative sedimentology and ichnology

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Semantic Segmentation of Sorghum Using Hyperspectral Data Identifies Genetic Associations

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Plant Phenomics 2020年第1期2卷 14-24页

作者： Chenyong Miao Alejandro Pages Zheng Xu Eric Rodene Jinliang Yang james C.Schnable Center for Plant Science Innovation University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNEUSA Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNEUSA Quantitative Life Sciences initiative University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNEUSA Department of Mathematics and Statistics Wright State UniversityDaytonOHUSA

This study describes the evaluation of a range of approaches to semantic segmentation of hyperspectral images of sorghum plants,classifying each pixel as either nonplant or belonging to one of the three organ types(leaf,stalk,panicle).While many current methods for segmentation focus on separating plant pixels from background,organ-specific segmentation makes it feasible to measure a wider range of plant *** scored training data for a set of hyperspectral images collected from a sorghum association population was used to train and evaluate a set of supervised classification *** algorithms show acceptable accuracy for this classification *** trained on sorghum data are able to accurately classify maize leaves and stalks,but fail to accurately classify maize reproductive organs which are not directly equivalent to sorghum *** measurements extracted from semantic segmentation of sorghum organs can be used to identify both genes known to be controlling variation in a previously measured phenotypes(e.g.,panicle size and plant height)as well as identify signals for genes controlling traits not previously quantified in this population(e.g.,stalk/leaf ratio).Organ level semantic segmentation provides opportunities to identify genes controlling variation in a wide range of morphological phenotypes in sorghum,maize,and other related grain crops.

关键词： Sorghum classify organs

所有临床试验均须注册并发表其结果——学术机构及非商业资助者与企业一样负有责任

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英国医学杂志中文版 2013年第3期16卷 139-140页

作者： Iain Chalmers Paul Glasziou Fiona Godlee 顾佳 james lind initiative Oxford OX2 7LGUK Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice Faculty of Health SciencesBond UniversityGold CoastQLDAustralia BMJ LondonUK 首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院科研处

过去20年来，有意识的研究漏报现象屡见不鲜，相关证据也层出不穷。漏报实属学术不端，后果严重，可导致治疗效果被夸大、有害的影响被低估，因而陷患者于危险之中，并浪费医疗资源。

关键词：学术机构临床试验责任企业资助商业并发注册

Antipredatory call behavior of lapwing species in an Afrotropical environment

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Avian Research 2023年第4期14卷 630-639页

作者： Fatima R.james Chioma I.Okafor Samuel T.Osinubi Shiiwua A.Manu Samuel Ivande Taiwo C.Omotoriogun A.p.leventis ornithological research institute university of josp.o.box 13404josplateau statenigeria eden creation care initiative rennajj fish farm p.o.box 7173josplateau statenigeria fitzpatrick institute of african ornithology university of cape towncape townsouth africa department of zoology university of josjosplateau statenigeria biotechnology unit department of biological scienceselizade universityp.m.2.002ilara-mokinondo statenigeria natural history museum university of oslop.o.box 1172 blindern0318 oslonorway

Predation is an important source of natural selection on prey species and has resulted in adaptations such as antipredator vocal signals,which can alert others to the presence of predators and solicit cooperative *** vocal alarm signals of birds have been well studied,they are poorly known in tropical African *** address this lack of information,the antipredatory signals and responses of two lapwings(Wattled Lapwing Vanellus senegallus and Spur-winged Lapwing Vanellus spinosus)to potential predators were investigated using data collected from focal observation,distance measurements,focal recordings,and playback *** lapwing calls elicited to predators were classified as alarm or mobbing calls based on whether the calls elicited alert behavior or attack from other *** linear analysis(DLA)was used to compare the time and frequency parameters of the call types measured in Raven ***,lapwings’responses to intruders,alert and start distance,time of day,and latency,as well as the effects of flock size and distance to cover were *** 48%of all calls was correctly classified by *** best predictors of call type for the lapwings were maximum frequency and high *** alarm and mobbing calls were elicited by African Wattled Lapwings to dogs and *** calls were elicited to intruders by the Spur-winged *** distance was positively associated with start distance,and differed between morning and evening in both *** scarce information from tropical Africa,this study put in perspective vocal and antipredator behavior of lapwing species in Africa.

关键词： Acoustic Alarm calls Lapwings Mobbing calls Vocal signals

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High prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections among primary school children,Uttar Pradesh,India,2015

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 1235-1243页

作者： Sandipan Ganguly Sharad Barkataki Sumallya Karmakar Prerna Sanga K.Boopathi K.Kanagasabai P.Kamaraj Punam Chowdhury Rituparna Sarkar Dibyendu Raj Leo james Shanta Dutta Rakesh Sehgal Priya Jha Manoj Murhekar National Institute of Cholera&Enteric Diseases Indian Council of Medical ResearchKolkataIndia Evidence Action-Deworm the World initiative New DelhiIndia GFK Mode MumbaiIndia Department of Epidemiology National Institute of EpidemiologyIndian Council of Medical ResearchChennaiIndia Department of Medical Parasitology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia

Background:Soil-transmitted helminth(STH)infections often affect the poorest and most deprived *** order to generate reliable data for planning a school based deworming program,we conducted a survey among primary school children studying in government schools in the Indian state of Uttar *** objectives of our survey were to estimate the prevalence and intensity of STH ***:We conducted a cross-sectional survey among children studying in 130 primary schools from 9 agroclimatic zones,during May-August *** about socio-demographic details,defecation and handhygiene practices,and stool samples were collected from the school *** samples were examined using the Kato-Katz ***:Stool samples from 6421 school children were *** overall weighted prevalence of any STH in the State was 75.6%(95%CI:71.2-79.5).The prevalence was more than 50%in six of the nine agro-climatic *** was the most prevalent STH(prevalence:69.6%),followed by hookworm(prevalence:22.6%)and ***(4.6%).The majority of the STH infections were of low *** practice of open defecation and not washing hands with soap after defecation and residence in kutcha house were significant risk factors of STH ***:STH prevalence among primary school children in Uttar Pradesh was *** the WHO guidelines on deworming frequency according to STH prevalence,Govt of Uttar Pradesh needs to implement a school-based deworming program with bi-annual *** findings of our survey would also help monitor the performance of school based deworming programme.

关键词： Soil-transmitted helminths Uttar Pradesh India

3D RNA nanocage for encapsulation and shielding of hydrophobic biomolecules to improve the in vivo biodistribution

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Nano Research 2020年第12期13卷 3241-3247页

作者： Congcong Xu Kaiming Zhang Hongran Yin Zhefeng Li Alexey Krasnoslobodtsev Zhen Zheng Zhouxiang Ji Sijin Guo Shanshan Li Wah Chiu Peixuan Guo Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine College of PharmacyDivision of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical ChemistryCollege of MedicineDorothy M.Davis Heart and Lung Research InstituteJames Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA Department of Bioengineering James H.Clark CenterStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA Department of Physics University of Nebraska at OmahaOmahaNE68182USA Nanoimaging Core Facility Office of Vice-Chancellor for ResearchUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford UniversityMenlo ParkCA94025USA

Ribonucleic acid(RNA)nanotechnology platforms have the potential of harboring therapeutics for in vivo delivery in disease ***,the nonspecific interaction between the harbored hydrophobic drugs and cells or other components before reaching the diseased site has been an obstacle in drug *** we report an encapsulation strategy to prevent such nonspecific hydrophobic interactions in vitro and in vivo based on a self-assembled three-dimensional(3D)RNA *** placing an RNA three-way junction(3WJ)in the cavity of the nanocage,the conjugated hydrophobic molecules were specifically positioned within the nanocage,preventing their exposure to the biological *** assembly of the nanocages was characterized by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE),atomic force microscopy(AFM),and cryogenic electron microscopy(cryo-EM)*** stealth effect of the nanocage for hydrophobic molecules in vitro was evaluated by gel electrophoresis,flow cytometry,and confocal *** in vivo sheathing effect of the nanocage for hydrophobic molecules was assessed by biodistribution profiling in *** RNA nanocages with hydrophobic biomolecules underwent faster clearance in liver and spleen in comparison to their ***,this encapsulation strategy holds promise for in vivo delivery of hydrophobic drugs for disease treatment.

关键词： ribonucleic acid(RNA)nanocage three-way junction(3WJ) encapsulation hydrophobic biomolecule RNA nanotechnology