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Kerogen Kinetic Distributions and Simulations Provide Insights into Petroleum Transformation Fraction (TF) Profiles of Organic-Rich Shales

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第3期35卷 747-757页

作者： David A.Wood DWA Energy Limited Lincoln LN59JPUnited Kingdom

Two hundred and fifty single first-order Arrhenius reactions are simulated to generate S2 pyrograms at three heating rates 25,15,and 5°C·*** activation energy(E)and pre-exponential factor(A)of the reactions simulated follow a long-established trend of those variable values displayed by shales and *** characteristics of the transformation fraction(TF)profiles(product generation window temperatures)of the simulated single reactions are compared to the TF profiles of recorded shale pyrograms generated by multiple reactions with different E-A values lying near the defined E-A *** similarities and differences are observed between the TF profile values of the two *** similarities support the spread of E-A values involved in shale pyrogram best *** differences are most likely explained by the complexity of the multiple kerogen first-order and second-order reactions contributing to the recorded shale pyrograms versus the simplicity and crispness of the single first-order reactions *** results also justify the validity of using the previously described“variable E-A pyrogram-fitting method”of multi-heating-rate shale pyrograms enabling optimizers to choose multiple reactions from an unlimited range of E-A *** contrast,further doubt is cast on the validity of the constant-A pyrogram-fitting method used by the Easy%Ro technique,in that a distribution of reactions with a single A value is unlikely to represent the complex variety of kerogen macerals observed in shale *** profiles generated by the variable E-A pyrogram-fitting method lie close to the established E-A trend and are likely to provide more realistic TF generation window temperatures than TF profiles generated by the constant-A pyrogram-fitting method.

关键词： transformation fraction profiles simulated S2 pyrograms multiple heating rates kerogen/shale kinetics S2 pyrogram fitting techniques kerogen petroleum research.

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Weeks-Ahead Epidemiological Predictions of Varicella Cases From Univariate Time Series Data Applying Artificial Intelligence

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Infectious Diseases & Immunity 2024年第1期4卷 25-34页

作者： David A.Wood DWA Energy Limited Lincoln LN59JPUnited Kingdom

Background:"Chickenpox"is a highly infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus,influenced by seasonal and spatial *** with varicella-zoster epidemics can be a substantial drain on health-authority *** that improve the ability to locally predict case numbers from time-series data sets every week are therefore worth ***:Simple-to-extract trend attributes from published univariate weekly case-number univariate data sets were used to generate multivariate data for Hungary covering 10 *** attribute-enhanced data set was assessed by machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)models to generate weekly case forecasts from next week(t0)to 12 weeks forward(t+12).The ML and DL predictions were compared with those generated by multilinear regression and univariate prediction ***:Support vector regression generates the best predictions for weeks t0 and t+1,whereas extreme gradient boosting generates the best predictions for weeks t+3 to t+***-short-term memory only provides comparable prediction accuracy to the ML models for week t+***-K-fold cross validation reveals that overall the lowest prediction uncertainty is associated with the tree-ensemble ML ***:The novel trend-attribute method offers the potential to reduce prediction errors and improve transparency for chickenpox timeseries.

关键词： Varicella zoster virus infection Disease-case weekly predictions Weeks-ahead forecasting Univariate time-series enhancements Tree-ensemble machine learning Time-series attribute extraction

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A marathon,not a sprint:Increasing population physical activity as a legacy of sports mega-events

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 732-735页

作者： Fiona C.Bull Paul J.Simpson Physical Activity Unit Department of Health PromotionWorld Health OrganizationGeneva CH-1211Switzerland The BMJ London WC1H 9JPUK

*** matters The withdrawal of Australia as hosts for the Commonwealth Games in 2026 demonstrates that large international sporting events are more than just sporting mastery,medals,and *** also matters.1 The cost of hosting a major international tournament is eye-wateringly *** governments need to show that the billions of dollars of investment deliver a return beyond sporting glory to justify the resources that are spent.

关键词： return dollar sport

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Superconducting joints using reacted multifilament MgB_(2)wires:A technology toward cryogen-free MRI magnets

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 159-170页

作者： Dipak Patel Akiyoshi Matsumoto Hiroaki Kumakura Yuka Hara Toru Hara Minoru Maeda Hao Liang Yusuke Yamauchi Seyong Choi Jung Ho Kim Md Shahriar A.Hossain School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueensland 4072Australia National institute for Materials Science(NIMS) 1-2-1 SengenTsukubaIbaraki 305-0047Japan Department of Electrical Engineering and Kangwon High Magnetic Field Center Institute of Quantum Convergence TechnologyKangwon National UniversityGangwon 24341Republic of Korea Australian institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology(AIBN) The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueensland 4072Australia Department of Materials Process Engineering Graduate School of EngineeringNagoya UniversityNagoyaAichi 464-8603Japan institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials Australian Institute for Innovative MaterialsUniversity of WollongongNorth WollongongNew South Wales 2500Australia

The development of superconducting joining technology for reacted magnesium diboride(MgB_(2))conductors remains a critical challenge for the advancement of cryogen-free MgB_(2)-based magnets for magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Herein,the fabrication of superconducting joints using reacted carbon-doped multifilament MgB_(2)wires for MRI magnets is *** achieve successful superconducting joints,the powder-in-mold method was employed,which involved tuning the filament protection mechanism,the powder compaction pressure,and the heat treatment *** fabricated joints demonstrated clear superconducting-to-normal transitions in self-field,with effective magnetic field screening up to 0.5 T at 20 *** evaluate the interface between one of the MgB_(2)filaments and the MgB_(2)bulk within the joint,serial sectioning was conducted for the first time in this type of superconducting *** serial sectioning revealed space formation at the interface,potentially caused by the volume shrinkage associated with the MgB_(2)formation or the combined effect of the volume shrinkage and the different thermal expansion coefficients of the MgB_(2)bulk,the filament,the mold,and the sealing *** findings are expected to be pivotal in developing MgB_(2)superconducting joining technology for MRI magnet applications through interface engineering.

关键词： Mg B2 superconducting joint MgB_(2)conductor MRI applications Cryogen-free magnet Persistent-mode operation

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Quasi-periodic orbits of small solar sails with time-varying attitude around Earth–Moon libration points

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Astrodynamics 2024年第1期8卷 161-174页

作者： Toshihiro Chujo Department of Mechanical Engineering School of EngineeringTokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyo152-8550Japan

This paper proposes new quasi-periodic orbits around Earth–Moon collinear libration points using solar *** including the time-varying sail orientation in the linearized equations of motion for the circular restricted three-body problem(CR3BP),four types of quasi-periodic orbits(two types around L1 and two types around L2)were *** them,one type of orbit around L2 realizes a considerably small geometry variation while ensuring visibility from the Earth if(and only if)the sail acceleration due to solar radiation pressure is approximately of a certain magnitude,which is much smaller than that assumed in several previous *** means that only small solar sails can remain in the vicinity of L2 for a long time without propellant *** orbits designed in the linearized CR3BP can be translated into nonlinear CR3BP and high-fidelity ephemeris models without losing geometrical *** this study,new quasi-periodic orbits are formulated,and their characteristics are ***,their extendibility to higher-fidelity dynamic models was verified using numerical examples.

关键词： solar sail libration point orbit Earth-Moon system circular restricted three-body problem(CR3BP)

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Thermally activated delayed fluorescence carbazole-triazine dendrimer with bulky substituents

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Aggregate 2024年第1期5卷 236-243页

作者： Hiroki Ikebe Kohei Nakao Eri Hisamura Minori Furukori Yasuo Nakayama Takuya Hosokai Minlang Yang Guanting Liu Takuma Yasuda Ken Albrecht Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu UniversityKasugaJapan Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Science and TechnologyTokyo University of ScienceNodaChibaJapan National Metrology institute of Japan(NMIJ) National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology(AIST)TsukubaIbarakiJapan institute for Advanced Study Kyushu UniversityNishi-kuFukuokaJapan

Carbazole-triazine dendrimers with a bulky terminal substituent were synthesized,and the thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)property was *** to unsubstituted carbazole dendrimers,dendrimers with bulky terminal substituents showed comparable to better photoluminescence quantum yields(PLQY)in neat ***(PF)-substituted dendrimers showed the highest PLQY of 81%,a smallΔEst of 0.06 eV,and the fastest reverse intersystem crossing(RISC)rate of∼1×10^(5 )s^(−1) compared to other *** measurements of dendrimers and dendrons(fragments)indicate that the close proximity of the triplet energy of phenylfluorene-substituted carbazole dendrons(^(3)LE)to that of phenylfluorene-substituted dendrimers(^(1)CT,^(3)CT)contributes to RISC promotion and improves TADF *** modification fine-tunes the energy level and suppresses intermolecular interactions,and this study provides a guideline for designing efficient solution-processable and non-doped TADF materials.

关键词： dendrimer OLED TADF 1 INTRODUCTION Thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)materials which are inexpensive and highly efficient alternatives to fluorescent

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Three-dimensional crystal defect imaging by STEM depth sectioning

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第8期33卷 2-7页

作者： Ryo Ishikawa Naoya Shibata Yuichi Ikuhara institute of Engineering Innovation The University of TokyoBunkyoTokyo 113-8656Japan

One of the major innovations awaiting in electron microscopy is full three-dimensional imaging at atomic *** the success of aberration correction to deep sub-angstrom lateral resolution,spatial resolution in depth is still far from atomic *** scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM),this poor depth resolution is due to the limitation of the illumination *** overcome this physical limitation,it is essential to implement a next-generation aberration corrector in STEM that can significantly improve the depth *** review discusses the capability of depth sectioning for three-dimensional imaging combined with large-angle illumination ***,the statistical analysis approach remarkably improves the depth resolution,making it possible to achieve three-dimensional atomic resolution imaging at oxide *** will also discuss the future prospects of three-dimensional imaging at atomic resolution by STEM depth sectioning.

关键词： atomic-resolution STEM STEM depth sectioning depth resolution dopants surface topography

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Growth hormone promotes the reconstruction of injured axons in the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2249-2258页

作者： Kai Li Zhanpeng Feng Zhiwei Xiong Jun Pan Mingfeng Zhou Weizhao Li Yichao Ou Guangsen Wu Mengjie Che Haodong Gong Junjie Peng Xingqin Wang Songtao Qi Junxiang Peng Department of Neurosurgery Institute of Brain DiseasesNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina

Previous studies have shown that growth hormone can regulate hypothalamic energy metabolism, stress, and hormone release. Therefore, growth hormone has great potential for treating hypothalamic injury. In this study, we established a specific hypothalamic axon injury model by inducing hypothalamic pituitary stalk electric lesions in male mice. We then treated mice by intraperitoneal administration of growth hormone. Our results showed that growth hormone increased the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 and its receptors, and promoted the survival of hypothalamic neurons, axonal regeneration, and vascular reconstruction from the median eminence through the posterior pituitary. Altogether, this alleviated hypothalamic injury-caused central diabetes insipidus and anxiety. These results suggest that growth hormone can promote axonal reconstruction after hypothalamic injury by regulating the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor 1 axis.

关键词： arginine vasopressin growth hormone hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system hypothalamus injury insulin-like growth factor 1 oxytocin regeneration

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Natural Convection Melting in a Rectangular Heat Storage Tank of Carbon Nanotube Dispersed Latent Heat Storage Material

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第3期33卷 847-855页

作者： Shin-ichi MORITA Tomoya SAITO Kazunori TAKAI Yasutaka HAYAMIZU Naoto HARUKI Division of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Kitami Institute of Technology165 Koen-choKitami-shiHokkaido090-8507Japan National institute of Technology Yonago College4448 Hikona-cyoYonago-shiTottori683-8502Japan Okayama Prefectural University 111 KubokiSoja-shiOkayama719-1197Japan

A dispersion system fluid can convect even if the dispersoid is a solid ***,heat exchange performance can be improved while maintaining fluidity using a material with high thermal conductivity as the *** study presents the melting performance evaluation results of a latent heat storage material with a carbon nanotube(CNT)dispersion system with high thermal conductivity,which enhances the thermal conductivity of the latent heat storage material and does not limit free *** the thermal conductivity and enhancing the melting convection of the heat storage material result in increased latent heat storage *** this study,the thermal conductivity of the latent heat storage material was successfully increased by dispersing CNTs in the *** 0.1%(in mass)of multi-wall CNT(MWCNT)was dispersed in a paraffin-based latent heat storage material,the shear stress increased by 1.5 times at a shear rate of 500 s^(-1),while taking into account the potential effects of convective ***,a latent heat storage experiment was conducted in a rectangular heat storage tank using the CNT dispersion composition ratio as a parameter.A rectangular vessel with a heated vertical surface was used for the latent heat storage *** melting speed was determined by comparing the amount of latent heat stored in a CNT-dispersed latent heat storage material and a single-phase latent heat storage material *** experimental results show that the time required for the latent heat storage material to completely melt in the heat storage tank was the shortest for the single-phase latent heat storage material ***,the fastest melting progress was observed for the sample with 0.02%(in mass)MWCNT content in the melting rate range of up to approximately 40%in the *** results indicate that this phenomenon is caused by the difference in the melting rates in the upper part of the *** generated data are useful for det

关键词： latent heat storage phase change carbon nano tube free convection heat transfer

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Global warming scenarios for the Eastern Adriatic Sea indicate a higher risk of invasiveness of non-native marine organisms relative to current climate conditions

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2024年第1期6卷 143-154页

作者： Branko Glamuzina Lorenzo Vilizzi Marina Piria Ante Zuljevic Ana Bratos Cetinic Ana Pesic Branko Dragicevic Lovrenc Lipej Marijana Pecarevic Vlasta Bartulovic Sanja Grđan Ivan Cvitkovic Tatjana Dobroslavic Ana Fortic Luka Glamuzina Borut Mavric Jovana Tomanic Marija Despalatovic Domen Trkov Marina Brailo Scepanovic Zoran Vidovic Predrag Simonovic Sanja Matic-Skoko Pero Tutman Department of Applied Ecology University of DubrovnikDubrovnikCroatia Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology Faculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of LodzLodzPoland Faculty of Agriculture Department of FisheriesApicultureWildlife Management and Special ZoologyUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia institute of Oceanography and Fisheries SplitCroatia institute of Marine Biology University of MontenegroKotorMontenegro National institute of Biology Marine Biology Station PiranPiranSlovenia Teacher Education Faculty University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia Faculty of Biology University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia

Globally,marine bioinvasions threaten marine ecosystem structure and function,with the Mediterranean Sea being one of the most affected *** invasions are expected to increase due to climate *** conducted a risk screening of marine organisms(37 fishes,38 invertebrates,and 9 plants),both extant and‘horizon’(i.e.,not present in the area but likely to enter it).Based on expert knowledge for the Eastern Adriatic Sea coasts of Slovenia,Croatia,and Montenegro,screenings were conducted under both current and predicted climate conditions indicating with an increase in sea surface temperature and salinity of the Adriatic Sea together with changes in precipitation *** aims were to:(1)identify non-native extant and horizon marine species that may pose threats to native biodiversity and(2)evaluate the risk of invasiveness of the selected species under current and predicted climate *** the 84 species screened,there was an increase in those ranked as‘high risk’from 33(39.3%)under current climate conditions and to 47(56.0%)under global warming *** those ranked as‘very high’risk,the increase was from 6(7.1%)to 21(25.0%).Amongst the screened species,the already established high-risk species Pacific oyster Magallana gigas and Atlantic blue crab Callinectes sapidus represent a threat to ecosystem *** the under-representation of marine species in the current European Union List,the species we have ranked as high to very high risk should be included.

关键词： AS-ISK Early detection Introduction vectors/pathways Invasive species Rapid response

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