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Application of a Recursive Filter to a Three-Dimensional Variational Ocean Data Assimilation System

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2010年第2期27卷 293-302页

作者：刘叶闫长香 international Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

In order to improve the efficiency of the Ocean Variational Assimilation System （OVALS）, which has been widely used in various applications, an improved OVALS （OVALS2） is developed based on the recursive filter （RF） algorithm. The first advantage of OVALS2 is that memory storage can be substantially reduced in practice because it implicitly computes the background error covariance matrix; the second advantage is that there is no inversion of the background error covariance by preconditioning the control variable. For comparing the effectiveness between OVALS2 and OVALS, a set of experiments was implemented by assimilating expendable bathythermograph （XBT） and ARGO data into the Tropical Pacific circulation model. The results show that the efficiency of OVALS2 is much higher than that of OVALS. The computational time and the computer storage in the assimilation process were reduced by 83% and 77%, respectively. Additionally, the corresponding results produced by the RF are almost as good as those obtained by OVALS. These results prove that OVALS2 is suitable for operational numerical oceanic forecasting.

关键词： recursive filter background error covariance the Ocean Variational Assimilation System (OVALS)

Estimated Financing Amount Needed for Essential Medicines in China, 2014

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Chinese Medical Journal 2016年第6期129卷 716-722页

作者： Wei Xu Zheng-Yuan Xu Gong-Jie Cai Chiao-Yun Kuo Jing Li Yi-Syuan Huang School of international Pharmaceutical Business China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Jiangsu 211198 China international Center for Regulatory Science School of Pharmacy University of Southern'California Los-Angeles cA 90089 USA Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy School of Pharmacy University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA

Background： At the present time, the government is considering to establish the independent financing system for essential medicines （EMs）. However, it is still in the exploration phase. The objectives of this study were to calculate and estimate financing amount of EMs in China in 2014 and to provide data evidence for establishing financing mechanism of EMs. Methods： Two approaches were adopted in this study. First, we used a retrospective research to estimate the cost of EMs in China in 2014. We identified all the 520 drugs listed in the latest national EMs list （2012） and calculated the total sales amount of these drugs in 2014. The other approach included the steps that first selecting the 109 most common diseases in China, then identifying the EMs used to treat them, and finally estimating the total cost of these drugs. Results： The results of the two methods, which showed the estimated financing amounts of EMs in China in 2014, were 17,776.44 million USD and 19,094.09 million USD, respectively. Conclusions： Comparing these two results, we concluded that the annual budget needed to provide for the EMs in China would be about 20 billion USD. Our study also indicated that the irrational drug use continued to plague the health system with intravenous fluids and antibiotics being the typical examples, as observed in other studies.

关键词： China Essential Medicines Financing Amount Financing Mechanism Irrational Drug Use

Viral suppression of type I interferon signaling by NSs of DBV,SFSV and UUKV via NSs-mediated RIG-I degradation

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Biosafety and Health 2022年第4期4卷 244-252页

作者： Leling Xu Xueping Li Xiaoning Gao Sihua Liu Zheng Pang Zhiyun Wang School of Life Sciences Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology Ministry of EducationNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Tianjin international Joint Academy of Biomedicine Tianjin 300457China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

Phenuiviridae,a member of the Bunyavirales order,can lead to significant human morbidity and *** phenuiviruses target specific cellular proteins and have strategies to counteract the effects of type I interferon(IFN).Previous studies have shown that phenuiviruses infection inhibits the synthesis of type I IFNs,and viral nonstructural proteins(NSs)had been further identified as an IFN *** study found that the NSs proteins of Dabie bandavirus(DBV),Sandfly fever Sicilian virus(SFSV),and Uukuniemi virus(UUKV)can inhibit Sendai virus-induced activation of IFN-βpromoter and phosphorylation of IFN regulatory factor 3(IRF3).Moreover,detailed analysis revealed that the phenuivirus NSs protein could directly interact with retinoic acid inducible gene-I(RIG-I)and degrade it via a proteasome-dependent *** short,this study demonstrate a novel mechanism of phenuiviruses to resist host antiviral immunity,which may help understand these pathogens and suggest novel therapeutic approaches.

关键词： Phenuiviridae Innate immunity IFN signaling NSs RIG-I

Understanding Farmers’ Preferences Towards Insurance Schemes that Promote Biosecurity Best Management Practices

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international Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第5期13卷 705-715页

作者： Rosa Mato-Amboage Julia Touza Mario Soliño Department of Environment and Geography University of YorkYork YO105NGUnited Kingdom York Environmental Sustainability Institute University of YorkYork YO105NGUnited Kingdom Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas CSIC36208 VigoSpain Complutense Institute for international Studies(ICEI) Campus de Somosaguas28223 Pozuelo de AlarcónSpain

Plant pest and disease outbreaks,which occur with increasing frequency and intensity,cause catastrophic losses and threaten food security in many areas around the *** impacts are expected to be exacerbated by climate *** this challenge requires mechanisms that ensure the financial security of farmers while incentivizing private biosecurity efforts to prevent future *** study explored crop producers’ preferences for a subsidized insurance scheme as an instrument to manage novel biotic *** ally,we developed a choice experiment to evaluate Spanish growers’ willingness to pay for a crop insurance product that promotes compliance with best biosecurity management *** results show that while growers are willing to pay more for high coverage products that increase the resilience of crops to potential catastrophic outbreaks,there is neither a strong demand nor widespread availability of such *** required reductions in premiums before undertaking risk prevention measures;they are more willing to pay for schemes that link their eligibility to access to ad hoc funds in the eventuality of a catastrophic outbreak than they are to purchase *** findings also suggest that Spanish growers prefer expanding the eligible risks covered by insurance and envisage a role for insurance in offering biosecurity protection.

关键词： Biosecurity protection Choice experiment Crop insurance Pest risk Spain Subsidized insurance

Elevated Atmospheric CO_(2)Reduced Antibiotics Accumulation in Rice Grains and Soil ARGs Abundance in Multiple Antibiotics-contaminated Paddy Fields

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2023年第3期39卷 455-464页

作者： WANG Yabo XU Meiling WANG Xiaojie AI Fuxun DU Wenchao YIN Ying JI Rong GUO Hongyan State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China Joint international Research Centre for Critical Zone Science-University of Leeds and Nanjing University Nanjing UniversityNanjing210023China School of Environment Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210036China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou225127China

Antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)as new pollutants have become a global environmental pollution problem in recent *** atmospheric CO_(2) is one of the major factors affecting global climate ***,the impacts of elevated CO_(2) on soil ARGs in multiple antibiotics-contaminated paddy soils are largely *** this study,six antibiotics including sulfadiazine(SDZ),sulfamethoxazole(SMZ),tetracycline(TC),oxytetracycline(OTC),enrofloxacin(ENR),and ciprofloxacin(CIP)were selected to investigate their combined effects on rice biomass,antibiotics accumulation,soil bacterial community and ARGs under elevated CO_(2) *** showed that elevated CO_(2) significantly reduced the accumulation of SMZ,OTC,ENR,and CIP in rice grains by 18.98%,20.07%,41.73%,and 44.25%,*** CO_(2) could affect soil microbialβ-diversity,and tend to reduce the microbial functions of human diseases,organismal systems,and genetic information *** addition,elevated CO_(2) significantly decreased the abundance of sulfonamide ARGs,tetracycline ARGs,and quinolone ARGs by 19.59%,18.58%,and 28.96%,respectively,while increased that of multidrug ARGs by 11.54%.Overall,this study emphasized that elevated CO_(2) may mitigate the threat of antibiotics contamination to rice food security but aggravate the environmental risk of multidrug ARGs in soil,contributing to a better understanding of the consequences of elevated CO_(2) levels on food security and soil ecological health in multiple antibiotics-contaminated paddy fields.

关键词： Antibiotics Antibiotic resistance gene(ARG) Bacterial community Elevated CO_(2) Rice

A federated learning scheme meets dynamic differential privacy

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2023年第3期8卷 1087-1100页

作者： Shengnan Guo Xibin Wang Shigong Long Hai Liu Liu Hai Toong Hai Sam State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data College of Computer Science and TechnologyGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina School of Big Data Key Laboratory of Electric Power Big Data of Guizhou ProvinceGuizhou Institute of TechnologyGuiyangChina School of Information Guizhou University of Finance and EconomicsGuiyangChina Faculty of Business and Communication INTI International UniversityNilaiMalaysia

Federated learning is a widely used distributed learning approach in recent years,however,despite model training from collecting data become to gathering parameters,privacy violations may occur when publishing and sharing models.A dynamic approach is pro-posed to add Gaussian noise more effectively and apply differential privacy to federal deep ***,it is abandoning the traditional way of equally distributing the privacy budget e and adjusting the privacy budget to accommodate gradient descent federation learning dynamically,where the parameters depend on computation derived to avoid the impact on the algorithm that hyperparameters are created *** also incorporates adaptive threshold cropping to control the sensitivity,and finally,moments accountant is used to counting the∈consumed on the privacy‐preserving,and learning is stopped only if the∈_(total)by clients setting is reached,this allows the privacy budget to be adequately explored for model *** experimental results on real datasets show that the method training has almost the same effect as the model learning of non‐privacy,which is significantly better than the differential privacy method used by TensorFlow.

关键词： data privacy machine learning security of data

Fine structural description of the compound eye of the Madagascar ＇hissing cockroach＇ Gromphadorhinaportentosa （Dictyoptera： Blaberidae）

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Insect Science 2008年第2期15卷 179-192页

作者： Monalisa Mishra Victor Benno Meyer-Rochow Faculty of Engineering and Sciences Jacobs University (formerly known as International University Bremen) Bremen Germany Department of Biology (Elainmuseo) University of Oulu Oulu Finland

The compound eyes of the wingless adults of the Madagascar ＇hissing cockroach＇ Gromphadorhinaportentosa Sachum, 1853 were examined by light and electron microscopy. Each eye contains 2 400-2 500 mostly hexagonal facets. However, irregularities affecting both shape and size of the ommatidia are relatively common, especially towards the margins of the eye. An individual ommatidium of this eucone type of apposition eye contains eight retinula cells, which give rise to a centrally-fused, tiered rhabdom. The distal end of the latter is funnel-shaped and accommodates the proximal end of the cone in its midst, Further below, the rhabdom （then formed by the rhabdomeres of four retinula cells） assumes a squarish profile with microvilli aligned in two directions at right-angle to each other. Cross sections through the proximal regions of the rhabdom display triangular rhabdom outlines and microvilli （belonging to 3-4 retinula cells different from those involved in the squarish more distal rhabdom） that run in three directions inclined to one another by 120°. Overall the organization of the eye conforms to the orthopteroid pattern and particularly closely resembles that of the American cockroach Periplaneta americana. However, since G. portentosa possesses fewer ommatidia, this could be a consequence of its inability to fly. On the other hand, the large size of the facets and the voluminous rhabdoms suggest considerable absolute sensitivity and an ability to detect the plane of linearly polarized light. Based on the pattern of microvillus orientations in combination with the crepuscular lifestyle G. portentosa leads and the habitat it occurs in, the prediction is made that this insect uses its green receptors for e-vector discrimination in the environment of down-welling light that reaches the forest floor.

关键词： apposition blattodea closed rhabdom ommatidium polarization vision

Moduli Space of Quasi-Polarized K3 Surfaces of Degree 6 and 8

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2021年第3期42卷 427-450页

作者： Zhiyuan LI Zhiyu TIAN Shanghai Center for Mathematical Science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Beijing international Center for Mathematical Research Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

In this paper,the authors study the moduli space of quasi-polarized complex K3 surfaces of degree 6 and 8 via geometric invariant *** general members in such moduli spaces are complete intersections in projective spaces and they have natural GIT constructions for the corresponding moduli spaces and they show that the K3 surfaces with at worst ADE singularities are GIT *** give a concrete description of boundary of the compactification of the degree 6 case via the Hilbert-Mumford *** compute the Picard group via Noether-Lefschetz theory and discuss the connection to the Looijenga’s compactifications from arithmetic *** of the main ingredients is the study of the projective models of K3 surfaces in terms of Noether-Lefschetz divisors.

关键词： K3 surfaces GIT Noether-Lefschetz divisor Looijenga compactification

Historical Evolution of Traditional Medicine in Japan

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2019年第1期2卷 36-43页

作者： Gensheng Zhu Huan Yan Liyun Chen Yijun Ren Guixiang Chu 段英帅(翻译) international Education College Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina 不详

Traditional Japanese Medicine originated from traditional Chinese medicine and was first introduced to Japan directly from the mainland of China or the Korean *** its dissemination,integration,adaption,and development in Japan for generations,it had evolved into Kampo medicine with Japanese characteristics and taken a leading role in Japanese medical *** history,there appeared successively schools such as Followers of Later Developments in Medicine,Followers of Classic Methods,Integrated School,and School of Textual *** Meiji Restoration,Kampo medicine experienced a tremendous impact by western *** after World War II,with unremitting endeavors from learned scholars,traditional Japanese medicinje was revived again.

关键词： Integrated school Kampo medicine(汉方医学) school of classic methods school of later developments school of textual research