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The formation and growth mechanisms of young back-arc spreading ridges from high-resolution bathymetry:The Marsili Seamount(Tyrrhenian Sea,Italy)

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第1期15卷 325-338页

作者： Eugenio Nicotra Salvatore Passaro Guido Ventura Dipartimento di Biologia Ecologia e Scienze della Terra Universitàdella Calabria87036 Arcavacata di RendeCosenzaItaly istituto di Scienze Marine CNR 80133 NapoliItaly istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia 00143 RomaItaly istituto per lo Studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilitáin ambiente marino CNR 91026 Capo GranitolaTrapaniItaly

The formation and growth mechanisms of Mid-Ocean Ridges(MOR)are relatively well known,whereas those of back-arc spreading ridges are comparatively less known because geophysical,geochemical,and morphological data are scarce and of low *** we present a high-resolution bathymetry of the Marsili Seamount(MS;1 Ma-3 ka),which represents the inflated spreading ridge of the 2 Ma old Marsili back-arc basin associated to the subduction of the Ionian Sea below the Calabrian Arc and Tyrrhenian *** is 70 km long,30 km wide,and its height reaches about 3000 m from surrounding *** new digital bathymetric model has a 5 m grid cell size resolution and covers the MS bathymetry from-1670 mbsl to the top at-491 *** conduct morphometric and morphological analyses of the bathymetry and recognize landforms due to volcanic,tectonic,hydrothermal and gravity *** consists of volcanoes related to fissural and central-type activity,this latter located at the northern and southern tips of the main dike *** swarms represent the surface expression of different ridge segments whose strikes are controlled by the larger scale back-arc spreading processes and by the local occurrence of an active hydrothermal *** latter develops in a flat area between two partly overlapping ridge segments where historical volcanism and extensional processes *** ridges represent the embryonic stage of the formation of transform-like *** volcanoes,the northern of which is characterized by a caldera,form at the tips of MS because the decrease in width of the major volcanic fissures promotes vent localization associated with the formation of sill-like reservoirs from which central-type vents may *** processes affecting the MS flanks are due to shallow seafloor *** collapses affecting the northernmost central-type polygenic volcano must be included in the evaluation of the hazard related to potential *** dipping faul

关键词： Back-arc spreading ridge Morphology Tectonics Volcanism Marsili seamount

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Comparison the effects of bioaugmentation versus biostimulation on marine microbial community by PCR–DGGE： A mesocosm scale

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第5期28卷 136-146页

作者： Mehdi Hassanshahian Zeynab Bayat Simone Cappello Francesco Smedile Michail Yakimov Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Kerman Iran istituto per l'ambiente marino costiero (IAMC)--CNR of Messina Messina Italy

In order to better understand the effects of biostimulation and bioaugmentation processes on a marine microbial community, three different mesocosm experiments were planned. Natural seawater（10.000 l） was artificially polluted with crude oil（1 l） and（1） inorganic nutrients（Biostimulating Mesocosm, BM）,（2） inorganic nutrients and an inoculum of Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2（Single Bioaugmentation Mesocosm, SBM）,（3） inorganic nutrients and inoculums of A. borkumensis SK2 and Thalassolituus oleivorans MIl-1（Consortium Bioaugmentation Mesocosm, CBM）. During the experimental period（20 days）, samples were taken from each mesocosm and the community structure was analyzed by PCR–DGGE. The 16 S r RNA gene DGGE banding patterns and sequence analysis demonstrated that biostimulation had the lowest effect on microbial biodiversity in the mesocosms; however, the biodiversity of the marine microbial community dramatically decreased in the CBM（Shannon index was 0.6 in T3）. The community structures among the three mesocosms were also markedly different,and major bacteria derived from DGGE bands were related to uncultured Gamma Proteobacteria. The biodegradation results show that the Single Bioaugmentation Mesocosm（SBM） system had the highest percentage of degradation（95%） in comparison to the BM mesocosm（80%） and CBM（70%）.

关键词： Alcanivorax Crude oil DGGE Marine environment Mesocosm

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Flow Behavior of Clay-Silt to Sand-Silt Water-Rich Suspensions at low to High Shear Rates: Implications for Slurries, Transitional Flows, and Submarine Debris-Flows

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2018年第6期92卷 2395-2404页

作者： Pierdomenico DEl GAUDIO Guido VENTURA istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Via di Vigna Murata 60500143 RomeItaly istituto per l'ambiente marino costiero Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheNaplesItaly

Water-rich clay to sand suspensions show a shear rate dependent flow behavior and knowledge of the appropriate rheological model is relevant for sedimentological, industrial and hydraulic studies. We present experimental rheological measurements of water-rich(40 to 60 wt%) clay to silt(population A) and silt to sand(population B) suspensions mixed in different proportions. The data evidence a shear rate dependent shear thinning-shear thickening transition. At lower shear rates, the suspensions organize in chains of particles, whereas at higher shear rates, these chains disrupt so increasing the viscosity. The viscosity, consistency and yield stress decrease as the A+B fraction decreases as the content of B particles increases. This behavior reflects the competing effects of the lubrication and frictional processes as a function of particle size and water content. Transitional flows form by the incorporation of small amounts of the finer fraction while ‘oceanic floods’ form at the estuary of rivers and the submarine debris-flows increase their velocity by incorporating water. The critical Reynolds number of the studied suspensions is ～2000±100 suggesting that the grainsize plays a major role in the laminar to turbulent transition. Our results have implications for the modeling of sediment flows and the hazard related to floods.

关键词： rheology water-sediment suspensions slurry sludge transitional flows and mud flows volcanogenic sediment-water flows oceanic floods

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Magnetic Theory and Applications in the Naples Bay (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy): Magnetic Anomaly Fields and Relationships with Morpho-Structural lineaments

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World Journal of Condensed Matter Physics 2016年第3期6卷 183-216页

作者： Gemma Aiello Ennio Marsella istituto per l’ambiente marino costiero Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Naples Italy

Magnetic theory and application to a complex volcanic area located in Southern Italy are here discussed showing the example of the Gulf of Naples, located at Southern Italy Tyrrhenian margin. A magnetic anomaly map of the Gulf of Naples has been constructed aimed at highlighting new knowledge on geophysics and volcanology of this area of the Eastern Tyrrhenian margin, characterized by a complex geophysical setting, strongly depending on sea bottom topography. The theoretical aspects of marine magnetometry and multibeam bathymetry have been discussed. Magnetic data processing included the correction of the data for the diurnal variation, the correction of the data for the offset and the leveling of the data as a function of the correction at the cross-points of the navigation lines. Multibeam and single-beam bathymetric data processing has been considered. Magnetic anomaly fields in the Naples Bay have been discussed through a detailed geological interpretation and correlated with main morpho-structural features recognized through morpho- bathymetric interpretation. Details of magnetic anomalies have been selected, represented and correlated with significant seismic profiles, recorded on the same navigation lines of magnetometry. They include the continental shelf offshore the Somma-Vesuvius volcanic complex, the outer shelf of the Gulf of Pozzuoli offshore the Phlegrean Fields volcanic complex, the relict volcanic banks of Pentapalummo, Nisida and Miseno, the Gaia volcanic bank on the Naples slope, the western slope of the Dohrn canyon, the Magnaghi canyon’s head and the magnetic anomalies among the Ischia and Procida islands.

关键词： Magnetic Anomaly Naples Bay Southern Tyrrhenian Sea

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Planktonic foraminifera as bio-indicators for monitoring the climatic changes that have occurred over the past 2000 years in the southeastern Tyrrhenian Sea

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第4期9卷 542-554页

作者： Fabrizio lIRER Mario SPROVIERI Mattia VAllEFUOCO luciana FERRARO Nicola PElOSI laura GIORDANO lucilla CAPOTONDI Institute for Coastal Marine Environment National Research CouncilNaplesItaly Institute for Coastal Marine Environment National Research CouncilTorretta Granitola(Fraz.Campobello di MazaraTp)Italy istituto Scienze Marine Istituto per l’Ambiente Marino CostieroConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheBolognaItaly and Institute of Marine SciencesNational Research CouncilBolognaItaly

A high-resolution integrated study has been performed in a super-expanded marine record(sedimentation rate spanning from 11 cm/100 years to 20 cm/100 years)from the continental shelf area of the southeastern Tyrrhenian *** foraminiferal distribution illustrates 6 major environmental changes during the past 2000 years:(i)the Roman period-Dark Age transition(from herbivorous-opportunistic to carnivorous species);(ii)the Dark Age-MCA transition(from carnivorous to herbivorous-opportunistic species);(iii)the Medieval Classic Anomaly-little Ice Age transition(a further and definitive change from carnivorous to herbivorous-opportunistic species);(iv)the period during the Maunder event between approximately 1720 AD and 1740 AD(turnover from the carnivorous planktonic foraminifer Globigerinodes ruber to the herbivorous-opportunistic planktonic foraminifer Turborotalita quinqueloba);(v)the Industrial period(dominance of herbivorous-opportunistic planktonic foraminifera);and(vi)the Modern Warm period at approximately 1940 AD(the last turnover in favor of herbivorous-opportunistic planktonic foraminifers,associated with an increase in benthic foraminifera).Our studies lead us to link this latter feature to an anthropogenic impact associated with the damming of Sele River(Salerno Gulf)at 1934 AD,which induced a change in the sediment input with a strong decrease in coarse-grained fraction and a probable alteration in nutrient ***δ^(18)O_(***) record of the past 2000 years shows the alternation of warm/wet and cold/dry events related to the Roman period,the Dark Age,the Medieval Classic Anomaly,the little Ice Age,the Industrial period and the Modern Warm *** 5 evidentδ^(18)O_(***) oscillations(between approximately 1325 AD and 1940 AD)coincide with the 5 minima in the solar activity record(Wolf,Spörer,Maunder,Dalton and Damon events).

关键词： Mediterranean Basin oxygen stable isotopes planktonic foraminifera southeastern Tyrrhenian Sea

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The Physicochemical Changes of Farm-Raised Pacific White Shrimp (<i>litopenaeus vannamei</i>) as Influenced by Iced Storage

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第10期6卷 906-922页

作者： Charles Odilichukwu R. Okpala School of Science Monash University Sunway Campus Bandar Sunway Malaysia istituto per l’ambiente marino costiero Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Mazara del Vallo Italy

Farm-raised Pacific white shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei) freshly harvested was evaluated for differences in proximal composition (moisture, ash, fat, and protein contents), water activity (aw), water retention index (WRI), pH, colour and texture of up to 12 days of iced storage. Shortly after harvest, the proximate composition of shrimp appeared comparable across the farms. With ice storage, the pH significantly increased whereas fat content slowly decreased particularly between days 3 and 9 (P P > 0.05). Expressly, the protein content of shrimp specimens gradually decreased after day 8 (P aw) of shrimp specimens exhibited inconsequential differences during iced storage. While the lightness (l*) was significantly affected from day 2 onwards, the yellowness (b*) colour was so but only between days 6 and 10 (P lues at day 11. Overall, the physicochemical differences in farm-raised shrimp during iced storage of this study provide valuable information for relevant stakeholders of the shrimp industry. Importantly, the data provided at this study can serve as baseline for comparison and evaluation of preservative treatments applied to shrimp.

关键词： litopenaeus vannamei pH Moisture Colour Adhesiveness Hardness Water Retention Index Physicochemical Differences

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Modeling the multi-level plumbing system of the Changbaishan caldera from geochemical, mineralogical, Sr-Nd isotopic and integrated geophysical data

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第5期12卷 17-36页

作者： Jian Yi Pujun Wang Xuanlong Shan Guido Ventura Chengzhi Wu Jiannan Guo Pencheng liu Jiahui li College of Earth Science Jilin UniversityJianshe Street 2199Changchun 130061China Key laboratory for Evolution of Past life and Environment in Northeast Asia(Jilin University) Ministry of EducationChangchun 130026China istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Via di Vigna Murata605Roma 00143Italy istituto per lo Studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilitàin ambiente marino(IAS) Capo Granitola(TP)91021Italy Changbai Mountain Tianchi Volcano Observatory Chibei DistrictAntu 133613China

Changbaishan,an intraplate volcano,is characterized by an approximately 6 km wide summit caldera and last erupted in *** experienced a period of unrest between 2002 and *** activity developed in three main stages,including shield volcano(basalts),cone-construction(trachyandesites to trachytes with minor basalts),and caldera-forming stages(trachytes to comendites).This last stage is associated with one of the more energetic eruptions of the last millennium on Earth,the 946 CE,VEI 7 Millennium Eruption(ME),which emitted over 100 km^(3) of *** to other active calderas,the plumbing system of Changbaishan and its evolution mechanisms remain poorly ***,we merge new whole-rock,glass,mineral,isotopic,and geobarometry data with geophysical data and present a model of the plumbing *** results show that the volcano is characterized by at least three main magma reservoirs at different depths:a basaltic reservoir at the Moho/lower crust depth,an intermediate reservoir at 10-15 km depth,and a shallower reservoir at 0.5-3 km *** shallower reservoir was involved in the ME eruption,which was triggered by a fresh trachytic melt entering a shallower reservoir where a comenditic magma was *** trachytes and comendites originate from fractional crystallization processes and minor assimilation of upper crust material,while the less evolved melts assimilate lower crust ***-eruptive magma mingling occurred during the ME eruption *** magma reservoirs of the caldera-forming stage partly reactivate those of the cone-construction *** depth of the magma storage zones is controlled by the layering of the *** plumbing system of Changbaishan is vertically extensive,with crystal mush reservoirs renewed by the replenishment of new trachytic to trachyandesitic magma from *** other volcanoes,evidence of a basaltic recharge is *** interpretation of the signals preceding possible future erupt

关键词： Changbaishan volcano Caldera Plumbing system Triggering mechanism Storage depth

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The Calabrian Stage redefined

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Episodes 2008年第4期31卷 408-419页

作者： Maria Bianca Cita luca Capraro Neri Ciaranfi Enrico Di Stefano Fabrizio lirer Patrizia Maiorano Maria marino Isabella Raffi Domenico Rio Rodolfo Sprovieri Simona Stefanelli Gian Battista Vai Universita di Milano Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra ＂Ardito Desio＂ via Mangiagalli 34 20133 Milano Italy Universita di Padova Dipaltimento di Geoscienze via Giotto 1 35137 Padova Italy Universita di Bali Dipartimento di Geologia e Geofisica via Orabona 4 70125 Bali Italy Universita di Palermo Dipartimento di Geologia e Geodesia via Archirafi 22 90123 Palermo Italy. istituto per I＇ambiente Malino costiero （IAMC） CNR Calata Porta di Massa 80133 Napoli Italy Universita di Chieti-Pescara Dipartimento di Geotecnologie per l＇Ambiente ed il Territorio via dei Vestini 3 1 66013 Chieti Scalo Italy Universita di Bologna Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geologico-ambientali. Piazza di porta San Donato 1 40126 Bologna Italy.

The name Calabrian was introduced in the geological literature by the French stratigrapher Maurice Gignoux in 1910, and later described in his important monograph （633 pages）＂les formations marines pliocknes et quaternaires de l＇ltalie du sud et de la Sicile ＂published in 1913. Detailed data were provided on several sections （Santa Maria di Catanzaro, Caraffa, Monasterace, Palermo） and on their fossil content. The Calabrian Stage has commonly been used for over fifty years as the oldest subdivision of the Qua- ternary, notably in the time scales of Berggren ＆ van Cou- vering （1974） and Haq ＆ Eysinga （1987）. However, after the GSSP for the Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary （P/P） was approved by INQUA in 1982 and ratified by lUGS in 1984 at the Vrica section of Calabria, there was a decline in the usage of the stage name, and an increasing tendency by many Quaternary workers to question the boundary stratotype. This was because there was increasing evidence that it did not correspond to the beginning of the ＂ice age＂. In doing so, they were not complying with the recommendations presented at the 18th International Geological Congress （IGC） in london, 1948 （Oakley, 1950）.

关键词：意大利卡拉布里亚地质学地层

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