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The istituto nazionale di geofisica e vulcanologia Data Management System for the Arctic Sciences

Journal of environmental Science and engineering(B) 2016年第11期5卷 549-556页

作者： Umberto Apponi Vincenzo Romano Giorgiana De Franceschi Paola Del Carlo Ilaria Isola Patrizia Macri Giovanni Muscari Leonardo Sagnotti Luca Spogli Stefano Urbini Spacearth Technology S.r.l. Via di Vigna Murata 605 00143 Rome Italy lstituto nazionale di geofisica e vulcanologia Environment Department Via di Vigna Murata 605 00148-Rome Italy istituto nazionale di geofisica e vulcanologia Volcanoes Department Via della Faggiola 32-56126 Pisa Italy

The brokering approach can be successfully used to overcome the crucial question of searching among enormous amount of data （raw and/or processed） produced and stored in different information systems. In this paper, authors describe the Data Management System the DMS （Data Management System） developed by INGV （istituto nazionale di geofisica e vulcanologia） to support the brokering system GeOSS （Global earth Observation System of Systems） adopted for the ARCA （Arctic Present Climate Change and Past extreme events） project. This DMS includes heterogeneous data that contributes to the ARCA objective （***） focusing on multi-parametric and multi-disciplinary studies on the mechanism （s） behind the release of large volumes of cold and fresh water from melting of ice caps. The DMS is accessible directly at the ***, or through the IADC （Italian Arctic Data Center） at http：//***/iadc/gi-portal/*** that interoperates with the GeOSS brokering system （http：//***0 making easy and fast the search of specific data set and its URL.

关键词： Brokering ARCA (Arctic Present Climate Change and Past extreme events) IADC (Italian Arctic Data Center) GeOSS(Global earth Observation System of Systems) DMS (Data Management System) data metadata INSPIRe (Infrastructure for SpatialInformation in europe) ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 19115 and 19119.

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*** volcano high-resolution topography:airborne LiDAR modelling validated by GPS data

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International Journal of Digital earth 2016年第7期9卷 710-732页

作者： Marina Bisson Claudia Spinetti Marco Neri Alessandro Bonforte istituto nazionale di geofisica e vulcanologia via della Faggiola 32PisaItaly istituto nazionale di geofisica e vulcanologia Centro Nazionale Terremotivia di Vigna MurataRomeItaly istituto nazionale di geofisica e vulcanologia Sezione di CataniaOsservatorio EtneoPiazza RomaCataniaItaly

High-resolution digital topography is essential for land management and planning in any type of territory as well as the reproduction of the earth surface in a geocoded digital format that allows several Digital earth *** a volcanic environment,Digital elevation Models are a valid reference for multi-temporal analyses aimed to observe frequent changes of a volcano edifice and for the relative detailed morphological and structural *** the first time,a DTM(Digital Terrain Model)and a DSM(Digital Surface Model)covering the entire *** volcano(Italy)derived from the same airborne Light Detection and Ranging(LiDAR)are here *** than 250 million 3D LiDAR points have been processed to distinguish ground elements from natural and anthropic *** end product is the highly accurate representation of *** landscape(DSM)and ground topography(DTM)dated *** models have a high spatial resolution of 2 m and cover an area of 620 *** DTM has been validated by GPS ground control *** vertical accuracy has been evaluated,resulting in a root-mean-square-error of±0.24 *** DTM is available as electronic supplement and represents a valid support for various scientific studies.

关键词： Airborne LiDAR GPS DeM Mt.etna

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Fault on-off versus strain rate and earthquakes energy

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Geoscience Frontiers 2015年第2期6卷 265-276页

作者： C.Doglioni S.Barba e.Carminati F.Riguzzi Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra Università Sapienza istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria CNR istituto nazionale di geofisica e vulcanologia

We propose that the brittle-ductile transition （BDT） controls the seismic cycle. In particular, the movements detected by space geodesy record the steady state deformation in the ductile lower crust, whereas the stick-slip behavior of the brittle upper crust is constrained by its larger friction. GPS data allow analyzing the strain rate along active plate boundaries. In all tectonic settings, we propose that earthquakes primarily occur along active fault segments characterized by relative minima of strain rate, segments which are locked or slowly creeping. We discuss regional examples where large earthquakes happened in areas of relative low strain rate. Regardless the tectonic style, the interseismic stress and strain pattern inverts during the coseismic stage. Where a dilated band formed during the interseismic stage, this will be shortened at the coseismic stage, and vice-versa what was previously shortened, it will be dilated. The interseismic energy accumulation and the coseismic expenditure rather depend on the tectonic setting （extensional, contractional, or strike-slip）. The gravitational potential energy dominates along normal faults, whereas the elastic energy prevails for thrust earthquakes and performs work against the gravity force. The energy budget in strike-slip tectonic setting is also primarily due elastic energy. Therefore, precursors may be different as a function of the tectonic setting. In this model, with a given displacement, the magnitude of an earthquake results from the coseismic slip of the deformed volume above the BDT rather than only on the fault length, and it also depends on the fault kinematics.

关键词： earthquake generation mode Strain rate Brittle-ductile transition earthquake energy

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Asymmetric Atlantic continental margins

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第5期12卷 298-308页

作者： Adriano Vangone Carlo Doglioni Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra Sapienza UniversityRomeItaly istituto nazionale di geofisica e vulcanologia RomeItaly

We analyze the gross crustal structure of the Atlantic Ocean passive continental margins from north to the south,comparing eleven sections of the conjugate *** a general result,the western margins show a sharper continental-ocean transition with respect to the eastern margins that rather show a wider stretched and thinner *** Moho is in average about 5.7±1dipping toward the interior of the continent on the western side,whereas it is about 2.7±1in the eastern ***,the stretched continental crust is on average 244 km wide on the western side,whereas it is up to about 439 km on the eastern side of the *** systematic asymmetry reflects the early stages of the diachronous Mesozoic to Cenozoic continental rifting,which is inferred as the result of a polarized westward motion of both western and eastern plates,being Greenland,Northern and Southern Americas plates moving westward faster with respect to Scandinavia,europe and Africa,relative to the underlying mantle.

关键词： Passive continental margin Asymmetric rift Moho dip Continental-ocean transition Westward drift of the lithosphere

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A classification of induced seismicity

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第6期9卷 1903-1909页

作者： C.Doglioni Dipartimento Scienze della Terra UniversitàSapienza di RomaItaly istituto nazionale di geofisica e vulcanologia RomaItaly

In order to adopt the best safety procedures, man-made earthquakes should be differentiated as a function of their origin. At least four different types of settings can be recognized in which anthropogenic activities may generate seismicity:(I) fluid removal from a stratigraphic reservoir in the underground can trigger the compaction of the voids and the collapse of the overlying volume, i.e., graviquakes; the deeper the reservoir, the bigger the volume and the earthquake magnitude;(II) wastewater or gas reinjection provides the reduction of friction in volumes and along fault planes, allowing creep or sudden activation of tectonic discontinuities, i.e., reinjection quakes;(III) fluid injection at supra-lithostatic pressure generates hydrofracturing and micro-seismicity, i.e., hydrofracturing quakes;(IV) fluid extraction or fluid injection,filling or unfilling of artificial lakes modifies the lithostatic load, which is the maximum principal stress in extensional tectonic settings, the minimum principal stress in contractional tectonic settings, and the intermediate principal stress in strike-slip settings, i.e., load quakes; over given pressure values, the increase of the lithostatic load may favour the activation of normal faults, whereas its decrease may favour thrust faults. For example, the filling of an artificial lake may generate normal fault-related ***, each setting has its peculiarities and the knowledge of the different mechanisms may contribute to the adoption of the appropriate precautions in the various industrial activities.

关键词： Anthropogenic seismicity Graviquakes Reinjection quakes Hydrofracturing quakes Load quakes

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Constraints on the geodynamic evolution of the Africa-Iberia plate margin across the Gibraltar Strait from seismic tomography

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Geoscience Frontiers 2015年第1期6卷 39-48页

作者： S.Monna A.Argnani G.B.Cimini F.Frugoni C.Montuori istituto nazionale di Ceofisica e vulcanologia istituto di Scienze Marine-Consiglio nazionale delle Ricerche

Geophysical studies point to a complex tectonic and geodynamic evolution of the Alboran Basin and Gulf of Cadiz. Tomograpbic images show strong seismic waves velocity contrasts in the upper mantle. The high velocity anomaly beneath the Alboran Sea recovered by a number of studies is now a well estab- lished feature. Several geodynamic reconstructions have been proposed also on the base of these images. We present and elaborate on restllts coming from a recent tomography study which concentrates on both the Alboran and the adjacent Atlantic region. These new results, while they confirm the existence of the fast anomaly below the Alboran region, also show interesting features of the lithosphere-asthenosphere system below the Atlantic. A high velocity body is imaged roughly below the Horseshoe Abyssal plain down to sub-lithospheric depths. This feature suggests either a possible initiation or relic subduction. Pronounced low velocity anomalies pervade the upper mantle below the Atlantic region and separate the lithospheres of the two regions. We also notice a strong change of the upper mantle velocity structure going from south to north across the Gorringe Bank. This variation in structure could be related to the different evolution in the opening of the central and northern Atlantic oceans.

关键词： Affica-lberia plate margin Teleseismic tomography Velocity anomaly Mantle upwelling Lithospheric subduction

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Prediction of the shear wave velocity Vs from CPT and DMT at research sites

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil engineering 2014年第1期8卷 83-92页

作者： Amoroso SARA Department of Seismology and Tectonophysics Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia L'Aquila 67100 Italy

The paper examines the correlations to obtain rough estimates of the shear wave velocity Vs from non- seismic dilatometer tests （DMT） and cone penetration tests （CPT）. While the direct measurement of Vs is obviously preferable, these correlations may turn out useful in various circumstances. The experimental results at six international research sites suggest that the DMT predictions of Vs from the parameters ID （material index）, KD （horizontal stress index）, MDMT （constrained modulus） are more reliable and consistent than the CPT predictions from qc （cone resistance）, presumably because of the availability, by DMT, of the stress history index KD.

关键词： horizontal stress index shear wave velocity flat dilatometer test cone penetration test

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Flow Behavior of Clay-Silt to Sand-Silt Water-Rich Suspensions at Low to High Shear Rates: Implications for Slurries, Transitional Flows, and Submarine Debris-Flows

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Acta Geologica Sinica(english edition) 2018年第6期92卷 2395-2404页

作者： Pierdomenico DeL GAUDIO Guido VeNTURA istituto nazionale di geofisica e vulcanologia Via di Vigna Murata 60500143 RomeItaly istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheNaplesItaly

Water-rich clay to sand suspensions show a shear rate dependent flow behavior and knowledge of the appropriate rheological model is relevant for sedimentological, industrial and hydraulic studies. We present experimental rheological measurements of water-rich(40 to 60 wt%) clay to silt(population A) and silt to sand(population B) suspensions mixed in different proportions. The data evidence a shear rate dependent shear thinning-shear thickening transition. At lower shear rates, the suspensions organize in chains of particles, whereas at higher shear rates, these chains disrupt so increasing the viscosity. The viscosity, consistency and yield stress decrease as the A+B fraction decreases as the content of B particles increases. This behavior reflects the competing effects of the lubrication and frictional processes as a function of particle size and water content. Transitional flows form by the incorporation of small amounts of the finer fraction while ‘oceanic floods’ form at the estuary of rivers and the submarine debris-flows increase their velocity by incorporating water. The critical Reynolds number of the studied suspensions is ～2000±100 suggesting that the grainsize plays a major role in the laminar to turbulent transition. Our results have implications for the modeling of sediment flows and the hazard related to floods.

关键词： rheology water-sediment suspensions slurry sludge transitional flows and mud flows volcanogenic sediment-water flows oceanic floods

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Fault on-off versus coseismic fluids reaction

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Geoscience Frontiers 2014年第6期5卷 767-780页

作者： C.Doglioni S.Barba e.Carminati F.Riguzzi Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra Università SapienzaRomaItaly istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria CNRRomaItaly istituto nazionale di geofisica e vulcanologia RomaItaly

The fault activation （fault on） interrupts the enduring fault locking （fault off） and marks the end of a seismic cycle in which the brittle-ductile transition （BDT） acts as a sort of switch. We suggest that the fluid flow rates differ during the different periods of the seismic cycle （interseismic, pre-seismic, coseismic and post-seismic） and in particular as a function of the tectonic style. Regional examples indicate that tectonic-related fluids anomalies depend on the stage of the tectonic cycle and the tectonic style. Although it is difficult to model an increasing permeability with depth and several BDT transitions plus independent acquicludes may occur in the crust, we devised the simplest numerical model of a fault constantly shearing in the ductile deeper crust while being locked in the brittle shallow layer, with variable homogeneous permeabilities. The results indicate different behaviors in the three main tectonic settings. In tensional tectonics, a stretched band antithetic to the normal fault forms above the BDT during the interseismic period. Fractures close and fluids are expellecl during the coseismic stage. The mechanism reverses in compressional tectonics. During the interseismic stage, an over-compressed band forms above the BDT. The band dilates while rebounding in the coseismic stage and attracts fluids locally. At the tip lines along strike-slip faults, two couples of subvertical bancls show different behavior, one in dilationJcompression and one in compressionJdilation. This deformation pattern inverts during the coseismic stage. Sometimes a pre-seismic stage in which fluids start moving may be observed and could potentially become a precursor.

关键词： Fault activation BritUe-ductile transition earthquakeFluids response

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exact and heuristic formulae to compute the geodetic height from the ellipse equation

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2024年第2期15卷 150-155页

作者： Mohamed eleiche Ahmed Hamdi Mansi Construction Department Faculty of EngineeringEgyptian Russian UniversityCairoEgypt istituto nazionale di geofisica e vulcanologia Sezione di PisaPisaPlItaly

The conversion of the cartesian coordinates of a point to its geodetic equivalent coordinates in reference to the geodetic ellipsoid is one of the main challenges in *** ellipse equation in the meridian plane significantly influences the value of the geodetic *** research analyzes this influence and how it can contribute to their *** study investigates the mathematical relation between them and presents an exact formula relating to the geodetic height and the ellipse *** addition,a heuristic formula for the relation between the geodetic height and the ellipse equation is proposed,which is independent of the geodetic latitude and has a relative accuracy better than 99.9 %.The calculation is stable,and the cost is low.

关键词： ellipse equation Geodetic height Heuristic geodetic height

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