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Protein Domains Involved in Assembly in the Endoplasmic Reticulum Promote Vacuolar Delivery when Fused to Secretory GFP, Indicating a Protein Quality Control Pathway for Degradation in the Plant Vacuole

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Molecular Plant 2008年第6期1卷 1067-1076页

作者： Ombretta Foresti Francesca De Marchis Maddalena de Virgilio Eva M. Klein Sergio Arcioni Michele Bellucci Alessandro Vitale istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche via Bassini 15 20133 Milano Italy EU istituto di Genetica Vegetale Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche via della Madonna Alta 130 06128 Perugia Italy EU

The correct folding and assembly of newly synthesized secretory proteins are monitored by the protein quality control system of the endoplasmic reticulum （ER）. Through interactions with chaperones such as the binding protein （BiP） and other folding helpers, quality control favors productive folding and sorts for degradation defective proteins. A major route for quality control degradation identified in yeast, plants, and animals is constituted by retrotranslocation from the ER to the cytosol and subsequent disposal by the ubiquitin/proteasome system, but alternative routes involving the vacuole have been identified in yeast. In this study, we have studied the destiny of sGFP418, a fusion between a secretory form of GFP and a domain of the vacuolar protein phaseolin that is involved in the correct assembly of phaseolin and in BiP recognition of unassembled subunits. We show that sGFP418, despite lacking the phaseolin vacuolar sorting signal, is delivered to the vacuole and fragmented, in a process that is inhibited by the secretory traffic inhibitor brefeldin A. Moreover, a fusion between GFP and a domain of the maize storage protein γ-zein involved in zein polymerization also undergoes post-translational fragmentation similar to that of sGFP418. These results show that defective secretory proteins with permanently exposed sequences normally involved in oligomerization can be delivered to the vacuole by secretory traffic. This strongly suggests the existence of a plant vacuolar sorting mechanism devoted to the disposal of defective secretory proteins.

关键词： Endoplasmic reticulum protein degradation protein traffic vacuole.

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Inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus by the synergistic action of charged and reactive plasma particles

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Plasma Science and Technology 2020年第8期22卷 160-166页

作者： Espedito VASSALLO Matteo PEDRONI Tiziana SILVETTI Stefano MORANDI Milena BRASCA CNR Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei PlasmiVia R.Cozzi 5320125 MilanItaly CNR Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni AlimentariVia G.Celoria 220133 MilanItaly

In this paper,a low-pressure capacitively coupled plasma discharge sustained in an argonoxygen mixture was studied in order to evaluate its properties in terms of inactivation of Staphylococcus *** plasma parameters as electron temperature and plasma density were measured by the Langmuir probe(Ne≈1015 m^-3,Te≈1.5 eV),while the neutral atom density was in the range of 1021 m^-*** the plasma phase,oxygen radicals were taken as reference of the reactive species with antimicrobial activity,and oxygen spectral lines,over a range of plasma process parameters,were investigated by the optical emission *** plasma conditions were found,and a count reduction of 4 log in a few minutes of the bacterium proves the potentiality of an industrial grade plasma reactor as a sterilization agent.

关键词： Staphylococcus aureus capacitively coupled plasma bacteria decontamination

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Precision medicine in gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2019年第10期11卷 804-829页

作者： Patrizia Bonelli Antonella Borrelli Franca Maria Tuccillo Lucrezia Silvestro Raffaele Palaia Franco Maria Buonaguro Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G PascaleNapoli 80131Italy Abdominal Medical Oncology Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G PascaleNapoli 80131Italy Gastro-pancreatic Surgery Division Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G PascaleNapoli 80131Italy

Gastric cancer(GC)is a complex disease linked to a series of environmental factors and unhealthy lifestyle habits,and especially to genetic *** represents the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths *** onset is subtle,and the majority of patients are diagnosed once the cancer is already *** recent years,there have been innovations in the management of advanced GC including the introduction of new classifications based on its molecular *** to new technologies such as next-generation sequencing and microarray,the Cancer Genome Atlas and Asian Cancer Research Group classifications have also paved the way for precision medicine in GC,making it possible to integrate diagnostic and therapeutic *** the objectives of the subdivision of GC into subtypes is to select patients in whom molecular targeted drugs can achieve the best results;many lines of research have been initiated to this *** phase III clinical trials,trastuzumab,anti-Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2(commonly known as ERBB2)and ramucirumab,anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(commonly known as VEGFR2)monoclonal antibodies,were approved and introduced into first-and second-line therapies for patients with advanced/metastatic ***,the heterogeneity of this neoplasia makes the practical application of such approaches ***,scientific progress has not been matched by progress in clinical practice in terms of significant improvements in *** continues to be low in contrast to the reduction in deaths from many common cancers such as colorectal,lung,breast,and prostate *** several target molecules have been identified on which targeted drugs can act and novel products have been introduced into experimental therapeutic protocols,the overall approach to treating advanced stage GC has not substantially ***,surgical resection with adjuvant or neoadjuvant radiotherapy and ch

关键词： Gastric cancer Molecular characterization Biomarkers Precision medicine Targeted therapy

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Unveiling the detection dynamics of semiconductor nanowire photodetectors by terahertz near-field nanoscopy

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 184-195页

作者： Eva A.A.Pogna Mahdi Asgari Valentina Zannier Lucia Sorba Leonardo Viti Miriam S.Vitiello NEST CNR-Istituto Nanoscienze and Scuola Normale SuperiorePiazza San Silvestro 1256127 PisaItaly

Semiconductor nanowire field-effect transistors represent a promising platform for the development of roomtemperature(RT)terahertz(THz)frequency light detectors due to the strong nonlinearity of their transfer characteristics and their remarkable combination of low noise-equivalent powers(100 V/W).Nano-engineering an NW photodetector combining high sensitivity with high speed(subns)in the THz regime at RT is highly desirable for many frontier applications in quantum optics and nanophotonics,but this requires a clear understanding of the origin of the *** electrical and optical measurements,however,cannot unambiguously determine the dominant detection mechanism due to inherent device asymmetry that allows different processes to be simultaneously ***,we innovatively capture snapshots of the photo-response of individual InAs nanowires via high spatial resolution(35 nm)THz photocurrent *** coupling a THz quantum cascade laser to scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy(s-SNOM)and monitoring both electrical and optical readouts,we simultaneously measure transport and scattering *** spatially resolved electric response provides unambiguous signatures of photo-thermoelectric and bolometric currents whose interplay is discussed as a function of photon density and material doping,therefore providing a route to engineer photo-responses by design.

关键词： scattering quantum frontier

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A Damage Scenario for the 2012 Northern Italy Earthquakes and Estimation of the Economic Losses to Residential Buildings

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2017年第3期8卷 326-341页

作者： Fabrizio Meroni Thea Squarcina Vera Pessina Mario Locati Marco Modica Roberto Zoboli istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia(INGV) Sezione di MilanoVia Bassini 15MilanItaly istituto di Ricerca sulla Crescita Economica Sostenibile(IRCrES) Via Corti1220131 MilanItaly

In May 2012 a seismic sequence occurred in Northern Italy that was characterized by two main shocks with a magnitude range between 5.5 and 6. These shocks represent a good case study by which to quantify the monetary losses caused by a moderate earthquake in a densely populated and economically well-developed *** loss estimation accounts for damage to residential buildings, and considers the full effect of all the seismic aftershock events that lasted for nearly a month. The building damage estimation is based on the European Macroseismic Scale(EMS-98) definitions, which depict the effects of an earthquake on built-up areas in terms of observed intensities. Input data sources are the residential building census provided by istituto Nazionale di Statistica—the Italian National Institute of Statistics(ISTAT)—and the official market value of real estate assets, obtained from the Osservatorio del Mercato Immobiliare—the Real Estate Market Observatory(OMI). These data make it possible to quantify the economic losses due to earthquakes, an economic indicator updated yearly. The proposed multidisciplinary method takes advantage of seismic,engineering, and economic data sets, and is able to provide a reasonable after the event losses scenario. Data are not gathered for each single building and the intensity values are not a simple hazard indicator, but, notwithstanding its coarseness, this method ensures both robust and reproducible results. As the local property value is availablethroughout the Italian territory, the present loss assessment can be effortlessly repeated for any area, and may be quickly reproduced in case of future events, or used for predictive economic estimations.

关键词： Earthquake damage Economic losses EMS-98 intensity Northern Italy 20 May 2012 earthquake

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Risk of postoperative recurrence and postoperative management of Crohn's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第27期17卷 3213-3219页

作者： Antonino Spinelli Matteo Sacchi Gionata Fiorino Silvio Danese Marco Montorsi Department and Chair of General Surgery University of MilanIstituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCSVia Manzoni 5620089RozzanoMilanItaly IBD Unit Department of GastroenterologyIstituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCSVia Manzoni 5620089RozzanoMilanItaly

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the digestive tract with systemic manifestations. Etiology is unknown, even if immunological, genetic and environmental factors are involved. The majority of CD patients require surgery during their lifetime due to progressive bowel damage, but, even when all macroscopic lesions have been removed by surgery, the disease recurs in most cases. Postoperative management represents therefore a crucial mean for preventing recurrence. Several drugs and approaches have been proposed to achieve this aim. Endoscopic inspection of the ileocolic anastomosis within 1 year from surgery is widely encouraged, given that endoscopic recurrence is one of the greatest predictors for clinical recurrence. A strategy should be planned only after stratifying patients according to their individual risk of recurrence, avoiding unnecessary therapies when possible benefits are reduced, and selecting high-risk patients for more aggressive intervention.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Recurrence Postoperative treatment Surgery Surveillance

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Integration of genome scale data for identifying newplayers in colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第2期22卷 534-545页

作者： Viktorija Sokolova Elisabetta Crippa Manuela Gariboldi Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori20133 MilanoItaly Molecular Genetics of Cancer Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare20139 MilanoItaly

Colorectal cancers(CRCs) display a wide variety of genomic aberrations that may be either causally linked to their development and progression, or might serve as biomarkers for their presence. Recent advances in rapid high-throughput genetic and genomic analysis have helped to identify a plethora of alterations that can potentially serve as new cancer biomarkers, and thus help to improve CRC diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Each distinct data type(copy number variations, gene and micro RNAs expression, Cp G island methylation) provides an investigator with a different, partially independent, and complementary view of the entire genome. However, elucidation of gene function will require more information than can be provided by analyzing a single type of data. The integration of knowledge obtained from different sources is becoming increasingly essential for obtaining an interdisciplinary view of large amounts of information, and also for cross-validating experimental results. The integration of numerous types of genetic and genomic data derived from public sources, and via the use of ad-hoc bioinformatics tools and statistical methods facilitates the discovery and validation of novel, informative biomarkers. This combinatory approach will also enable researchers to more accurately and comprehensively understand the associations between different biologic pathways, mechanisms, and phenomena, and gain new insights into the etiology of CRC.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Copy number variations Gene expression miRNA expression Methylome Dataintegration

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Is acute dyspnea related to oxaliplatin administration?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第36期12卷 5907-5908页

作者： LM Pasetto S Monfardini istituto Oncologico Veneto Medical Oncology V. Gattamelata 64 Padua 35128 Italy

The standard adjuvant treatment of colon cancer is fluorouracil plus leucovorin. Oxaliplatin improves the efficacy of this combination in patients with stage 111 colon cancer and moreover its toxicity is well tolerable. We describe a rare clinical case of acute dyspnoea probably related to oxaliplatin at one month from the end of the adjuvant treatment. A 74-year-old man developed a locally advanced sigmoid carcinoma （pT3N1M0）. A port a cath attached to an open-ended catheter was implanted in order to administer primary chemotherapy safely according to the FOLFOX4 schedule. One month following the end of the 6^th cycle, the patient referred a persistent cough and moderate dyspnoea. Chest radiography displayed a change in the lung interstitium, chest CT scan confirmed this aspect of adult respiratory distress syndrome, spirometry reported a decreased carbon monoxide diffusion capacity. Antibiotic and corticosteroids were administered for 10 d, then a repeated chest X ray evidenced a progressive pulmonary infiltration. A transbronehial biopsy and cytology did not show an infective process, a CT scan reported radiological abnormalities including linear and nodular densities which were becoming confluents. Antimicotic and antiviral drugs did not evidence any benefit. The antiviral therapy was stopped and high dose metilprednisolone was started. The patient died of pulmonary distress after 10 d.

关键词： Acute dyspnea Oxaliplatin Colon cancer

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Cavitation as a zero-waste circular economy process to convert citrus processing waste into biopolymers in high demand

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第4期9卷 486-494页

作者： Rosaria Ciriminna Giuseppe Angellotti Giovanna Li Petri Francesco Meneguzzo Cristina Riccucci Gabriella Di Carlo Mario Pagliaro istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati CNRvia U.La Malfa 153Palermo90146Italy istituto per la Bioeconomia CNRvia Madonna del Piano 10Sesto FiorentinoFI50019Italy istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati CNRvia Salaria km 29.3MonterotondoRM00015Italy

Cavitation in water only, no matter whether hydrodynamic or acoustic, is a zero-waste circular economy process to convert industrial citrus processing waste into high-performance polysaccha- rides in high demand in a single-step at room temperature and ambient pressure using a modest amount of electricity as the only energy input. Following previous reports in which we used hydrodynamic cavitation, we now use an industrial acoustic sonicator to demonstrate the gen- eral viability of cavitation to convert biowaste residue of the industrial squeezing of pigmented sweet orange ( Citrus sinensis ) into highly bioactive “IntegroPectin ”pectin and micronized cellu- lose “CytroCell ”. From biomedicine through advanced composite membranes, said biomaterials hold great applicative potential. We conclude discussing the economic and technical feasibility of industrial implementation of the “CytroCav ”process.

关键词： Cavitation CytoCav CytroCell IntegroPectin Green extraction

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Large thermal biasing of individual gated nanostructures

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Nano Research 2014年第4期7卷 579-587页

作者： Stefano Roddaro Daniele Ercolani Mian Akif Safeen Francesco Rossella Vincenzo Piazza Francesco Giazotto Lucia Sorba Fabio Beltram NEST Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR Piazza S. Silvestro 121-56127 Pisa Italy istituto Officina dei Materiali - CNR Basovizza S.S. 14 km 163.51-34149 Trieste Italy Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Piazza San Silvestro 12 56127 Pisa Italy

We demonstrate very large and uniform temperature gradients up to about 1 K every 100 nm, in an architecture which is compatible with the field-effect control of the nanostructure under test. The temperature gradients demonstrated greatly exceed those typically obtainable with standard resistive heaters fabricated on top of the oxide layer. The nanoheating platform is demonstrated in the specific case of a short-nanowire device.

关键词： thermoelectric andthermomagnetic effects field effect devices nanowires

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