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Chemical-Structural Changes of Organic Matter in a Semi-Arid Soil After Organic Amendment

Pedosphere 2012年第3期22卷 283-293页

作者： C.NICOLS G.MASCIANDARO T.HERNNDEZ C.GARCIA Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC) Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Wastes ManagementCampus Universitario de EspinardoP.O.160Murcia 3010 (Spain) Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (cnr) Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi (ISE)-Sezione di Chimica del SuoloArea della RicercaVia Moruzzi 1Pisa 56124 (Italy)

A 9-month incubation experiment using composted and non-composted amendments derived from vine pruning waste and sewage sludge was carried out to study the effects of the nature and stability of organic amendments on the structural composition of organic matter (OM) in a semi-arid *** changes of soil OM,both in the whole soil and in the extractable carbon with pyrophosphate,were evaluated by pyrolysis-gas chromatography and chemical *** the end of the experiment,the soils amended with pruning waste exhibited less organic carbon loss than those receiving sewage *** non-composted residues increased the aliphatic-pyrolytic products of the OM,both in the whole soil and also in the pyrophosphate extract,with the products derived from peptides and proteins being significantly *** 9 months,in the soils amended with pruning waste the relative abundance of phenolic-pyrolytic products derived from phenolic compounds,lignin and proteins in the whole soil tended to increase more than those in the soils amended with sewage ***,the extractable OM with pyrophosphate in the soils amended with composted residues tended to have higher contents of these phenolic-pyrolytic products than that in non-composted ***,despite the stability of pruning waste,the composting of this material promoted the incorporation of phenolic compounds to the soil *** pyrolytic indices (furfural/pyrrole and aliphatic/aromatic ratios) showed the diminution of aliphatic compounds and the increase of aromatic compounds,indicating the stabilization of the OM in the amended soils after 9 *** conclusion,the changes of soil OM depend on the nature and stability of the organic amendments,with composted vine pruning waste favouring humification.

关键词： degraded soil pyrolysis-gas chromatography pyrophosphate extract sewage sludge vine pruning waste

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RF Simulation and Test of the New Buncher at infn-LNS

RF Simulation and Test of the New Buncher at INFN-LNS

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作者： LI Peng-zhan Antonio Caruso Alberto Longhitano JI Bin division of the BRIF Project istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud(infn-LNS)

The present buncher of infn-LNS K800 Superconducting Cyclotron is installed inside the yoke of the cyclotron,0.5 m below the medium *** new buncher is designed to replace the present buncher for the convenience of maintenance and *** new buncher is featured with the three-electrode *** bunching gap is 5 mm and the length of the central electrode is 83.5 mm.

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Containment effort reduction and regrowth patterns of the Covid-19 spreading

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Infectious disease Modelling 2021年第1期6卷 632-642页

作者： D.Lanteri D.Carco P.Castorina M.Ceccarelli B.Cacopardo infn Sezione di CataniaI-95123CataniaItaly dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Universita di CataniaItaly istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo ViagrandeItaly Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles UniversityV Holesovickach 218000Prague 8Czech Republic U.O.C.Malattie Infettive P.O.GaribaldiCataniaItaly dipartimento di Medicina clinica e sperimentale Universita di CataniaItaly

In all countries the political decisions aim to achieve an almost stable configuration with a small number of new infected individuals per day due to *** such a condition is reached,the containment effort is usually reduced in favor of a gradual reopening of the social life and of the various economical ***,in this new phase,the infection spread restarts and,moreover,possible mutations of the virus give rise to a large specific growth rate of the infected ***,a quantitative analysis of the regrowth pattern is very *** discuss a macroscopic approach which,on the basis of the collected data in the first lockdown,after few days from the beginning of the new phase,outlines different scenarios of the Covid-19 diffusion for longer *** purpose of this paper is a demonstration-of-concept:one takes simple growth models,considers the available data and shows how the future trend of the spread can be *** method applies a time dependent carrying capacity,analogously to many macroscopic growth laws in biology,economics and population *** illustrative cases of France,Italy and United Kingdom are analyzed.

关键词： Covid-19 spreading Mathematical models Macroscopic growth laws Carrying capacity

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Analytical and Numerical Investigations of Probabilistic Monochromatic Problem

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2019年第4期7卷 793-808页

作者： Stefan Schmuck Jakob Svensson istituto di Fisica del Plasma CNR Milan Italy Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik Teilinstitut Greifswald Greifswald Germany

A probabilistic formalism, relying on Bayes’ theorem and linear Gaussian inversion, is adapted, so that a monochromatic problem can be investigated. The formalism enables an objective test in probabilistic terms of the quantities and model concepts involved in the problem at hand. With this formalism, an amplitude (linear parameter), a frequency (non-linear parameter) and a hyperparameter of the Gaussian amplitude prior are inferred jointly given simulated data sets with Gaussian noise contributions. For the amplitude, an analytical normal posterior follows which is conditional on the frequency and the hyperparameter. The remaining posterior estimates the frequency with an uncertainty of MHz, while the convolution of a standard approach would achieve an uncertainty of some GHz. This improvement in the estimation is investigated analytically and numerically, revealing for instance the positive effect of a high signal-to-noise ratio and/or a large number of data points. As a fixed choice of the hyperparameter imposes certain results on the amplitude and frequency, this parameter is estimated and, thus, tested for plausibility as well. From abstract point of view, the model posterior is investigated as well.

关键词： Bayes’ Theorem Linear Inversion Uncertainty Monochromatic Spectral Limitation

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Superluminal X-waves in a polariton quantum fluid

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Light(Science & Applications) 2017年第1期6卷 311-319页

作者： Antonio Gianfrate Lorenzo Dominici Oksana Voronych Michał Matuszewski Magdalena Stobińska Dario Ballarini Milena De Giorgi Giuseppe Gigli Daniele Sanvitto cnr NANOTEC Istituto di NanotecnologiaVia Monteroni73100 LecceItaly Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics University of Gdańskul.Wita Stwosza 5780-952 GdańskPoland Institute of Physics Polish Academy of SciencesAl.Lotników 32/4602-668 WarsawPoland Faculty of Physics University of WarsawPasteura 502-093 WarsawPoland infn sezione di Lecce73100 LecceItaly

In this work,we experimentally demonstrate for the first time the spontaneous generation of two-dimensional exciton-polariton X-waves.X-waves belong to the family of localized packets that can sustain their shape without spreading,even in the linear *** allows the wavepacket to maintain its shape and size for very low densities and very long times compared to soliton waves,which always necessitate a nonlinearity to compensate the ***,we exploit the polariton nonlinearity and uniquely structured dispersion,comprising both positive-and negative-mass curvatures,to trigger an asymmetric four-wave mixing in momentum *** ultimately enables the self-formation of a spatial X-wave *** ultrafast imaging experiments,we observe the early reshaping of the initial Gaussian packet into the X-pulse and its propagation,even for vanishingly small *** allows us to outline the crucial effects and parameters that drive the phenomena and to tune the degree of superluminal propagation,which we found to be in close agreement with numerical simulations.

关键词： negative mass nonlinearity polaritons superluminal X-waves

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Effect of acoustic field on C02 desorption in a fluidized bed of fine activated carbon

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Particuology 2015年第6期13卷 8-15页

作者： Federica Raganati Paola Ammendola Riccardo Chirone Department of Chemical Engineering Materials and Industrial Production University of Naples Federico II P. le V. Tecchio 80 80125 Napoli Italy istituto di Ricerche sulla Combustione CNR P. le K Tecchio 80 80125 Napoli Italy

Adsorption using solid sorbents has the potential to complement or replace current absorption technol- ogy, because of its low energy requirements. Among the commercially available adsorbent materials, attention is focused on activated carbons because they are easily regenerable by reason of their low heat of adsorption. These sorbents are generally available in the form of fine powders. Sound-assisted fluidization can process large amounts of fine powders, promoting and enhancing CO2 capture on fine sorbents, because it maximizes gas-solid contact. Temperature swing adsorption （TSA）, consisting of inducing sor- bent regeneration and CO2 recovery by appropriate temperature increase and gas purge, is one of the most promising techniques. This study investigates the CO2 desorption process by TSA in a sound-assisted flu- idized bed of fine activated carbon. Desorption tests were performed under ordinary and sound-assisted fluidization conditions to assess the capability of sound to promote and enhance the desorption efficiency in terms of CO2 recovery, CO2 purity, and desorption time. The results show that the application of sound results in higher desorption rates, CO2 recovery and purity. Regular and stable desorption profiles can be obtained under sound-assisted fluidization conditions. This stability makes it possible to successfully realize a cyclic adsorption/desorption process.

关键词： Temperature swing adsorption Sound-assisted fluidization CO2 capture Activated carbons Fine powders

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Scanning gate imaging of quantum point contacts and the origin of the 0.7 anomaly

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Nano Research 2015年第3期8卷 948-956页

作者： Andrea lagallo Nicola Paradiso Stefano Roddaro Christian Reichl Werner Wegscheider Giorgio Biasiol Lucia Sorba Fabio Beltram Stefan Heun National Enterprise for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (NEST) Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore Piazza San Silvestro 12 56127 Pisa Italy istituto Offcina dei Materiali cnr Laboratorio TASC 34149 Trieste Italy Solid State Physics Laboratory ETH Zurich Schafmattstrasse 16 8093 Zurich Switzerland

The origin of the anomalous transport feature appearing at a conductance G 0.7× （2e2/h） in quasi-lD ballistic devices-the so-called 0.7 anomaly-represents a long standing puzzle. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain it, but a general consensus has not been achieved. Proposed explanations have been based on quantum interference, the Kondo effect, Wigner crystallization, and other phenomena. A key open issue is whether the point defects that can occur in these low-dimensional devices are the physical cause behind this conductance anomaly. Here we adopt a scanning gate microscopy technique to map individual impurity positions in several quasi-lD constrictions and correlate these with conductance characteristics. Our data demonstrate that the 0.7 anomaly can be observed irrespective of the presence of localized defects, and we conclude that the 0.7 anomaly is a fundamental property of low-dimensional systems.

关键词： two-dimensional electrongas (2-DEG) scanning gate microscopy 0.7 anomaly

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Dynamical changes in hydration water accompanying lysozyme thermal denaturation

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Frontiers of physics 2015年第5期10卷 35-41页

作者： Francesco Mallamace Carmelo Corsaro Domenico Mallamace Nicola Cicero Sebastiano Vasi Giacomo Dugo H. Eugene Stanley cnr-IPCF Messina Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 37 98158 Messina Italy dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra Universitd di Messina Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy Center for Polymer Studies and Department of Physics Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente della Sicurezza del Territorio degli Alimenti e della Salute Universita di Messina Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy

We study the dynanfics of the first hydration shell of lysozyme to determine the role of hydra- tion water that accompanies lysozyme thermal denaturation. We use nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate both the translational and rotational contributions. Data on proton self-diffusion and reorentational correlation time indicate that the kinetics of the lysozyme fold- ing/unfolding process is controlled by the dynamics of the water molecules in the first hydration shell. When the hydration water dynamics change, because of the weakening of the hydrogen bond network, the three-dimensional structure of the lysozyme is lost and denaturation is triggered. Our data indicates that at temperatures above approximately 315 K, water behaves as a simple liquid and is no longer a good solvent.

关键词： lysozyme unfolding hydration water NMR correlation time solvent dynamics

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Modification of titanium surface via Ag-,Sr-and Si-containing micro-arc calcium phosphate coating

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Bioactive Materials 2019年第1期4卷 224-235页

作者： Mariya B.Sedelnikova Ekaterina G.Komarova Yurii P.Sharkeev Anna V.Ugodchikova Tatiana V.Tolkacheva Julietta V.Rau Evgeny E.Buyko Vladimir V.Ivanov Vladimir V.Sheikin Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS Academicheskii Prospect 2/4Tomsk634055Russia National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University Lenina Prospect 30Tomsk634050Russia istituto di Struttura della Materia Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(ISM-CNR)Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 10000133 RomaItaly Siberian State Medical University Moscovskii Tract 2Tomsk634050Russia

The current research is devoted to the study of the modification of the titanium implants by the micro-arc oxidation with bioactive calcium phosphate coatings containing Ag or Sr and Si *** coatings’microstructure,phase composition,morphology,physicochemical and biological properties were examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).Ag-containing and Sr-Si-incorporated coatings were formed in alkaline and acid electrolytes,*** formation of the coatings occurred at different ranges of the applied voltages,which led to the significant difference in the coatings *** trace elements Ag,Sr and Si participated intensively in the plasma-chemical reactions of the micro-arc coatings ***-containing coatings demonstrated strong antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus AТСС*** in vitro test with 3T3-L1 fibroblasts showed no cytotoxicity appearance on Sr-Si-incorporated coatings.

关键词： Trace elements Biocoatings Micro-arc oxidation Titanium substrate Antibacterial activity

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Factors influencing the drug release from calcium phosphate cements

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第1期7卷 341-363页

作者： Marco Fosca Julietta V.Rau Vuk Uskokovi istituto di Struttura della Materia Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(ISM-CNR)Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 10000133RomeItaly I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Institute of PharmacyDepartment of AnalyticalPhysical and Colloid ChemistryTrubetskaya 8build.2119991MoscowRussia Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory TardigradeNano LLCIrvineCA 92604United States

Thanks to their biocompatibility,biodegradability,injectability and self-setting properties,calcium phosphate cements(CPCs)have been the most economical and effective biomaterials of choice for use as bone void *** have also been extensively used as drug delivery carriers owing to their ability to provide for a steady release of various organic molecules aiding the regeneration of defective bone,including primarily antibiotics and growth *** review provides a systematic compilation of studies that reported on the controlled release of drugs from CPCs in the last 25 *** chemical,compositional and microstructural characteristics of these systems through which the control of the release rates and mechanisms could be achieved have been *** doing so,the effects of(i)the chemistry of the matrix,(ii)porosity,(iii)additives,(iv)drug types,(v)drug concentrations,(vi)drug loading methods and(vii)release media have been distinguished and discussed *** specificities of in vivo release of drugs from CPCs have been reviewed,*** the kinetic and mechanistic correlations between the CPC properties and the drug release is a prerequisite for the design of bone void fillers with drug release profiles precisely tailored to the application area and the clinical *** goal of this review has been to shed light on these fundamental correlations.

关键词： Calcium phosphate cements Drug release Release rate Antibiotics release Bone fillers

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