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Small extrachromosomal circular DNA in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis matter

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1411-1413页

作者： Marcos J.Arauzo-Bravo Daniela Gerovska Matthias Schwab Alexandra Kretz Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine Biodonostia Health Research InstituteSan SebastianSpain Basque Foundation for Science IKERBASQUEBilbaoSpainMax Planck Institute for Molecular BiomedicineComputational Biology and Bioinformatics GroupMünsterNorth Rhine-WestphaliaGermany Department of cell Biology and Histology Faculty of Medicine and NursingUniversity of Basque Country(UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain Department of Neurology Jena University HospitalJenaThuringiaGermany

Comprehensive studies identify motor neuron spectrum disorders including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)as globally rising fatal disorders with the highest prevalence in aging populations,influenced by ethnicity and ancestry(GBD 2016 Motor Neuron Disease Colla borators,2018).While~10% of diagnoses involve a family history(fALS),most cases are considered sporadic(sALS).However,population-based studies suggest that even cases without a common index mutation impart heritability(Ryan et al.,2019),indicating a crucial role of rare and as yet unknown genetic denominators.

关键词： amyotrophic sclerosis

Single-cell omics: experimental workflow, data analyses and applications

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 5-102页

作者： Fengying Sun Haoyan Li Dongqing Sun Shaliu Fu Lei Gu Xin Shao Qinqin Wang Xin Dong Bin Duan Feiyang Xing Jun Wu Minmin Xiao Fangqing Zhao Jing-Dong J.Han Qi Liu Xiaohui Fan Chen Li Chenfei Wang Tieliu Shi Department of Clinical laboratory the Affiliated Wuhu Hospital of East China Normal University (The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu City) Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang University Key laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University) Ministry of EducationOrthopaedic DepartmentTongji HospitalBioinformatics DepartmentSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University Frontier Science Center for Stem cells School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University Translational Medical Center for Stem cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine Shanghai East HospitalBioinformatics DepartmentSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University Research Institute of Intelligent Computing Zhejiang Lab Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Center for Single-cell Omics School of Public HealthShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine National Key laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization Innovation Center of Yangtze River DeltaZhejiang University Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biologythe Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life SciencesEast China Normal University Beijing Institutes of Life Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesCenter for Quantitative Biology (CQB)Peking University Zhejiang Key laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine Key laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in Statistics and Data Science-MOE School of StatisticsEast China Normal University

cells are the fundamental units of biological systems and exhibit unique development trajectories and molecular features. Our exploration of how the genomes orchestrate the formation and maintenance of each cell, and control the cellular phenotypes of various organismsis, is both captivating and intricate. Since the inception of the first single-cell RNA technology, technologies related to single-cell sequencing have experienced rapid advancements in recent years. These technologies have expanded horizontally to include single-cell genome, epigenome,proteome, and metabolome, while vertically, they have progressed to integrate multiple omics data and incorporate additional information such as spatial sc RNA-seq and CRISPR screening. Single-cell omics represent a groundbreaking advancement in the biomedical field,offering profound insights into the understanding of complex diseases, including cancers. Here, we comprehensively summarize recent advances in single-cell omics technologies, with a specific focus on the methodology section. This overview aims to guide researchers in selecting appropriate methods for single-cell sequencing and related data analysis.

关键词： single-cell sequencing genome epigenome proteomics metabolomics multimodal spatial transcriptomics CRISPR screening

Activation effect of extracellular calmodulin on heterotrimeric G protein in pollen plasma membrane

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第2期44卷 190-191页

作者： Xiaodong Xu Ligeng Ma Ying Sun Daye Sun Hebei Normal Univ Mol Cell Biol Lab Shijiazhuang 050016 Peoples R China

IN recent years, calmodulin （CaM）, an important Ca2+ receptor and constituent of cellular signal transduction systems, has been found extracellularly. We have verified that CaM is presented extracellularly in all of plant species we have examined. In addition, we have reported that extracellular CaM has some biological significance, such as stimulation of cell proliferation, cell wall regeneration, initiation of pollen germination and tube growth and inducement of rbcS gene expression. The role of heterotrimeric G proteins in pollen germination, tube growth and signal transduction of extracellular CaM has been examined in Lily pollen, and two kinds of antibodies against animal Gzα internal sequence and N-terminal

关键词： Activation effect of extracellular calmodulin on heterotrimeric G protein in pollen plasma membrane GTPase

Protein kinase TTK interacts and co-localizes with CENP-E to the kinetochore of human cells

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第23期47卷 2005-2009页

作者： Jie Zhang Chuanhai Fu Yong Miao Zhen Dou Xuebiao Yao Univ Sci & Technol China Lab Cell Dynam Hefei 230027 Peoples R China

Spindle checkpoint is an important biochemical signaling cascade during mitosis which monitors the fidelity of chromosome segregation, and is mediated by protein kinases Mpsl and Bubl/BubRl. Our recent studies show that kinesin-related motor protein CENP-E interacts with BubRl and participates in spindle checkpoint signaling. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying spindle checkpoint signaling, we carried out proteomic dissection of human cell kinetochore and revealed protein kinase TTK, human homologue of yeast Mpsl. Our studies show that TTK is localized to the kinetochore of human cells, and interacts with CENP-E, suggesting that TTK may play an important role in chromosome segregation during mitosis.

关键词： spindle checkpoint TTK protein kinase CENP-E kinetochore.

Effects of tachyplesin on the morphology and ultrastructure of human gastric carcinoma cell line BGC-823

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2000年第5期6卷 676-680页

作者： Li QF Ou Yang GL Li CY Hong SG Xiamen Univ Coll Life Sci Cell Biol Lab Xiamen 361005 Fujian Province Peoples R China

AIM To investigate the morphological andultrastructural changes in the human gastriccarcinoma cell line BGC-823 after being treatedwith *** Tachyplesin was isolated from acidextracts of Chinese horseshoe crab(Tachypleustridentatus)***-823 cells and thecells treated with 2.0mg/L tachyplesin wereexamined respectively under light microscope,scanning and transmission electron *** BGC-823 cells had undergone therestorational alteration in morphology andultrastructure after tachyplesin *** were as follows:the shape of cells wasunanimous,the volume enlarged and cellsturned to be flat and spread,the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio lessened and nuclear shapebecame rather regular,the number of nucleolusreduced and its volume lessened,heter-chromatin decreased while euchromatinincreased in *** the cytoplasm,mitochondria grew in number with consistentstructure relatively,Golgi complex turned to betypical and well-developed,rough endoplasmicreticulum increased and *** microvilli at cellular surfacewere rare and the filopodia reduced whilelamellipodia increased at the cell *** Tachyplesin could alter themalignant morphological and ultrastructuralcharacteristics of human gastric carcinoma cellseffectively and have a certain inducing differen-tiation effect on human gastric carcinoma cells.

关键词： stomach neoplasms/ultrastructure horseshoe crabs stomach neoplasms tachyplesin microscopy electron cell morphology

Relationship between histone acetylation/deacetylation and gene transcription

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第13期43卷 1057-1063页

作者： Zhen Lu Yongchao Wang Beijing Normal Univ Key Lab Cell Proliferat & Regulat Biol Beijing 100875 Peoples R China

In eukaryotes, nucleosome is the basic unit of chromatin. Nucleosome is composed of an octamer of histone proteins (two molecules each of histones H 2A , H 2B , H 3 and H 4) and DNA strand wound around the octamer. Some data show that core histone octamer can affect gene transcription both \%in vitro\% and \%in vivo.\% Recent results indicate that histone acetylation/deacetylation is a key step to regulate activity of genes. This article summarizes some coactivators, such as GCN5p, P300/CBP and TAF Ⅱ 250, which are recently found to have histone acetyltransferase activity. The relationship between these coactivators and gene activation is also described. Besides, this article concerns some corepressors which have histone deacetylase activity, such as Rpd3p, HDAC2. These corepressors combine with other protein complex and then repress transcription. Finally, some problems to be solved and the future direction in this active field are discussed.

关键词： Histone acetylation/deacetylation transcriptional regulation.

Tetrandrine inhibits Ca2+-activated chloride channel in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2004年第3期25卷 73-79页

作者： Qi-zhi FANG1,2,Ning ZHONG1,3,Yi ZHANG1,Zhao-nian ZHOU1,4 1Physiological lab of Hypoxia,Shanghai Institute of BiologicalSciences,Chinese Academy ofSciences,Shanghai200031,China 3Department of Molecular and cell Biology,University of California at Berkeley,Berkeley,CA 94720,USA 2 Now in CardiovascularResearch Institute,University of Cali- fornia at San Francisco,San Francisco,CA 94143,USA Physiological lab of Hypoxia Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200031 China Department of Molecular and cell Biology University of California at Berkeley

AIM: To characterize the electrophysiological and kinetic properties of Ca2+-activated chloride channel (CaCC) in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (HUVEC), and test the inhibitory effects of tetrandrine (Tet) on CaCC. METHODS: Ca2+-activated Cl- currents (ICl,Ca) were recorded by patch-clamp whole cell configurations. [Ca2+]i was measured via intracellular Fura-2 fluorescence intensities. RESULTS: ICl,Ca was activated by increasing [Ca2+]i via direct elevation of intracellular calcium. ICl,Ca showed an apparent outward rectification properties, and it was activated in a voltage- and calcium-dependent mode. Tet dose-dependently inhibited ICl,Ca, the IC50 was (5.2±0.4) μmol/L (n=8 cells). Tet suppressed both voltage-dependent and calcium-dependent activation of ICl,Ca. The activa- tion time constant was (326±12) ms [in the presence of 10 μmol/L Tet, compared to control (175±17) ms, at +100 mV], and Ca2+ concentration for half maximal activation was (387±61) nmol/L for Tet (compared to control (287±36) nmol/L. CONCLUSIONS: Tet effectively blocked ICl,Ca, and such effects might be due to its inhibitory effects on the activation process of Ca2+-activated chloride channel.

关键词： chloride channels endothelium tetrandrine patch-clamp techniques calcium

P15——a new tumor suppressor gene

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第13期44卷 1157-1163页

作者： Yingkai Tong Huitu Liu Beijing Normal Univ State Key Lab Cell Proliferat & Regulat Biol Beijing 100875 Peoples R China

In addition to the tumor suppressor genes such as Rb and p53, it has been found that some molecules of the same class named CKI (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor) also play an important role in the inhibition of tumorigenesis and the tumor progression. In the KIP and INK4 families of CKIs, p15 shares extensive homology with p16. Findings in many tumors and their cell lines show that the inactivation of p15 (deletion, mutation, rearrangement, etc.) is very frequent, and inactive p15 is involved in the progress of some tumors. These studies provide evidence that the p15 is a new tumor suppressor gene. Furthermore, the research on the molecular mechanism of p15 in regulation of cell proliferation shows that p15 can inhibit the growth of some kinds of tumor cells, and p15 is the mediator of TGF-β-induced cell arrest. Investigations on p15 in cell differentiation suggest that increased p15 is related to the change of malignant phenotype. These results supply clues for further interpretation about the

关键词： pI5 CKI tumor suppressor gene cell cycle induction of tumor cell differentiation.

Partial inhibition of CDK4 gene expression leads to the extension of G1 phase of V79-8 cells

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第2期44卷 149-153页

作者： Weiqun Xiao Siqing Zhang Yongchao Wang Yue Wang Beijing Normal Univ Key Lab Cell Proliferat & Regulat Biol Beijing 100875 Peoples R China Natl Univ Singapore Inst Mol & Cell Biol Singapore 117609 Singapore

V79-8 is an abnormal cell line which does not have detectable G1 and G2 phases in its cell *** cell line is derived from V79 cell line which has G1 phase but lacks G2 phase. By using an anti-sense approach, CDK4 gene expression was partially inhibited to find whether CDK4 might contribute to the lack of G1 phase in V79-8 cells. Anti-CDK4 anti-sense plasmid was constructed and used to transfect V79-8 cells. Clones of transfected cells (V79-8-asCDK4) were examined, in comparison with V79-8 cells, to determine its growth curve, cell doubling-time (GT), the level of CDK4 gene expression and the levels of expression of some other growth related genes. V79-8-asCDK4 cells showed a slower growth rate with a doubling time 2.5-h longer than that of V79-8 cells. A flow cytometry (FCM) analysis demonstrated that the 2.5 h increase of the doubling time of V79-8-asCDK4 cells was mainly due to the appearance of G1 phase because its G2+M phase was not significantly different from that of V79-8 cells. The

关键词： CDK4 V79-8 cell line anti-sense and cell doubling time.