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Gold Nanoparticles in st.reotactic Radiosurgery for Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations

Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology 2015年第3期6卷 204-212页

作者： Frederik Vernimmen Mikhail L. Shmatov Department of Radiation Oncology Cork University Hospital Cork Ireland ioffe institute St. Petersburg Russia

Objective of the st.dy: To explore the potential for therapeutic gain with gold nanoparticles in arteriovenous malformation radiosurgery based on their interaction with photons and protons. st.dy methods: Radiation dose enhancement resulting from the interaction of gold nanoparticles with irradiation ranging from kilovoltage to megavoltage photons and protons was researched in the literature. The role of angiogenesis and its regulation via vascular endothelial growth factors and cell membrane receptors, especially for endothelial cells in arteriovenous malformations, was invest.gated as a way for selective arteriovenous malformation deposition. Results: Radiation dose enhancement with gold nanoparticles is described in the literature but has so far only been invest.gated for its potential in treating malignancies. Because of the high atomic number of gold (Z = 79), dose enhancement occurs with photons mainly based on secondary photon and Auger electron production and the dose enhancement factor is the highest.for irradiation with kilo voltage photons. Dose enhancement happens with megavoltage photons also but to a lesser extend and is mainly due to the ionization of gold by secondary photons and electrons generated by the megavoltage photons passing through tissue. The range of the secondary photo electrons emitted by gold is sufficient to cover the entire endothelial cell content. Protons interact with the production of Auger electrons which have a very short range, insufficient to cover the entire contents of endothelial cells, but sufficient to cause a high cell membrane dose for membrane located gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Arteriovenous malformations are dynamic entities with angiogenesis taking place. This is reflected by a different expression of angiogenic receptors on the membrane of arteriovenous malformation endothelial cells compared to normal brain blood vessels, thereby opening the opportunity for selective deposition of such particles. For the use in p

关键词： Nanoparticle Arteriovenous Malformation Radiosurgery Dose Enhancement

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Features of the Electron Energy Balance in High Density Ohmic H-Mode in TUMAN-3M Tokamak

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中国核科技报告 1999年第S4期 383-383页

作者： S.V.Lebedev,L.G.Askinazi,M.I.Vild’zhunas,V.E.Golant,N.A.Zhubr,V.A.Kornev,L.S.Levin,A.I.Smirnov,A.S.Tukachinsky russia Mailing Address:Alexander Tukachinsky 194021 A.F.ioffe Physico-Technical institute 26 Polytechnicheskaya st. st.petersburg russia ioffe Physico-Technical.institute russian Academy of Sciences 194021 st.petersburg russia Mailing Address:Alexander Tukachinsky 194021 A.F.ioffe Physico-Technical institute 26 Polytechnicheskaya st. ioffe Physico-Technical.institute st.petersburg russia ioffe Physico-Technical.institute russian Academy of Sciences 194021 st.petersburg russia Mailing Address:Alexander Tukachinsky 194021 A.F.ioffe Physico-Technical institute 26 Polytechnicheskaya st. st.petersburg russia ioffe Physico-Technical.institute russian Academy of Sciences 194021 st.petersburg russian Academy of Sciences 194021 st.petersburg russia Mailing Address:Alexander Tukachinsky 194021 A.F.ioffe Physico-Technical institute 26 Polytechnicheskaya st. st.petersburg russia ioffe Physico-Technical.institute russian Academy of Sciences 194021 st.petersburg russia Mailing Address:Alexander Tukachinsky 194021 A.F.ioffe Physico-Technical institute 26 russia Mailing Address:Alexander Tukachinsky 194021 A.F.ioffe Physico-Technical institute Polytechnicheskaya st. st.petersburg russia ioffe Physico-Technical.institute russian Academy of Sciences 194021 st.petersburg russia Mailing Address:Alexander Tukachinsky 194021 A.F.ioffe Physico-Technical institute 26 Polytechnicheskaya st. st.petersburg russia 26 ioffe Physico-Technical.institute russian Academy of Sciences 194021 st.petersburg russia Mailing Address:Alexander Tukachinsky 194021 A.F.ioffe Physico-Technical institute 26 Polytechnicheskaya st. st.petersburg russia ioffe Physico-Technical.institute russian Academy of Sciences 194021 st.petersburg russia Mailing Address:Alexander Tukachinsky 194021 A.F.ioffe Physico-Technical institute Polytechnicheskaya st. 26 Polytechnicheskaya st. st.petersburg russia st.petersburg russia ioffe Physico-Technical.institute russian Academy of Sciences 194021 st.petersburg

An Internal Transport Barrier （ITB） was found in high density ohmically heated H-mode plasma in the TUMAN-3M. Typical plasma parameters in the shots with ITB were as follows: R0=0.53 m, a1=0.23 m, B_t=0.7 T, Ip=140 ... 详细信息

关键词： ITB heat Features of the Electron Energy Balance in High Density Ohmic H-Mode in TUMAN-3M Tokamak

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Effect of electron injection in copper-contacted graphene nanoribbons

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Nano Research 2016年第9期9卷 2735-2746页

作者： Konst.ntin A.Simonov Nikolay A.Vinogradov Alexander S.Vinogradov Alexander V.Generalov Gleb I.Svirskiy Attilio A.Cafolla Nils Martensson Alexei B. Preobrajenski Department of physics.and Ast.onomy Uppsala UniversityUppsala Box 51675120Sweden MAX Ⅳ Laboratory Lund UniversityLund Box 11822100Sweden V.A.Fock institute of physics St.Petersburg State UniversitySt.Petersburg 198504Russia School of Physical Sciences Dublin City UniversityDublin 9Ireland

For practical electronic device applications of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), it is essential to have abrupt and well-defined contacts between the ribbon and the adjacent metal lead. By analogy with graphene, these contacts can induce electron or hole doping, which may significantly affect the I/V characterist.cs of the device. Cu is among the most.popular metals of choice for contact materials. In this st.dy, we invest.gate the effect of in situ intercalation of Cu on the electronic st.ucture of atomically precise, spatially aligned armchair GNRs of width N = 7 (7-AGNRs) fabricated via a bottom-up method on the Au(788) surface. Scanning tunneling microscopy data reveal that the complete intercalation of about one monolayer of Cu under 7-AGNRs can be facilitated by gentle annealing of the sample at 80 °C. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) data clearly reflect the one-dimensional character of the 7-AGNR band dispersion before and after intercalation. Moreover, ARPES and core-level photoemission results show that intercalation of Cu leads to significant electron injection into the nanoribbons, which causes a pronounced downshift of the valence and conduction bands of the GNR with respect to the Fermi energy (ΔE ~ 0.5 eV). As demonst.ated by ARPES and X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements, the effect of Cu intercalation is rest.icted to n-doping only, without considerable modification of the band st.ucture of the GNRs. Post.annealing of the 7-AGNRs/Cu/Au(788) syst.m at 200 °C activates the diffusion of Cu into Au and the formation of a Cu-rich surface Au layer. Alloying of intercalated Cu leads to the recovery of the initial position of GNR-related bands with respect to the Fermi energy (E F), thus, proving the tunability of the induced n-doping.

关键词： graphene nanoribbons bottom-up method copper intercalation charge injection angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) scanning tunneling microscopy

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Optical high-resolution spectroscopic st.dy of Tm^(3+) cryst.l-field levels in LiLuF_4

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Journal of Rare Earths 2009年第4期27卷 624-626页

作者： D.S.Pytalev S.A.Klimin M.N.Popova institute of Spectroscopy Russian Academy of Sciences 5 Fizicheskaya St. Troitsk Moscow region 142190 Russia

We report on the fast.high-resohition st.dy of LiLuF4：Tm3＋. The accurate energy level scheme of Tm3＋ in the LiLuF4 matrix was obtained for the 3H6.5.4, 3F4.3.2, and ^1G4 multiplets. It was shown that electric-dipol... 详细信息

关键词： Fourier-transform spectroscopy Tm^3+ cryst.l-field levels LiLuF4 rare earths

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Toward room-temperature nanoscale skyrmions in ultrathin films

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 58-68页

作者： Anast.siia SVarentcova st.phan von Malottki Maria N.Potkina Grzegorz Kwiatkowski st.fan Heinze Pavel F.Bessarab ITMO University St.Petersburg 197101Russia Science institute University of IcelandReykjavík 107Iceland Kavli institute of Nanoscience Delft University of TechnologyP.O.Box 4056Delft 2600 GAThe Netherlands institute of Theoretical physics.and Ast.ophysics University of KielLeibnizstrasse 15Kiel 24098Germany st.petersburg.st.te University St.Petersburg 198504Russia Peter Grünberg institute and institute for Advanced Simulation Forschungszentrum JülichJülich 52425Germany

Breaking the dilemma between small size and room-temperature st.bility is a necessary prerequisite for skyrmion-based information *** we demonst.ate by means of rate theory and an atomist.c spin Hamiltonian that the st.bility of isolated skyrmions in ultrathin ferromagnetic films can be enhanced by the concerted variation of magnetic interactions while keeping the skyrmion size *** predict film syst.ms where the lifetime of sub-10 nm skyrmions can reach years at ambient conditions.

关键词： conditions st.bility films

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Seeing is believing

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第3期11卷 6-7页

作者： Sergey Krasikov Yuri Kivshar Nonlinear physics.Center Research School of PhysicsAustralian National UniversityCanberra ACT 2601Australia and School of Physics and EngineeringITMO UniversitySt.Petersburg197101Russia

Bound st.tes in the continuum are realized in many optical syst.ms as“dark st.tes”,and their presence can be detected in the regime of leaky modes via resonances in *** the authors reveal previously unseen st.ucture... 详细信息

关键词： st.tes dielectric continuum

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Invest.gation of nonlinear effects in Doppler reflectometry using full-wave synthetic diagnost.cs

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Plasma Science and Technology 2020年第6期22卷 1-7页

作者： O L KRUTKIN A B ALTUKHOV A D GURCHENKO E Z GUSAKOV S HEURAUX M A IRZAK L A ESIPOV T P KIVINIEMI C LECHTE S LEERINK P NISKALA G ZADVITSKIY ioffe institute St PetersburgRussia Inst.tut Jean Lamour UMR 7198 CNRS Univ.de LorraineBP 50840F-54011 NancyFrance Aalto University FI-02150 EspooFinland institute of Interfacial Process Eng.and Plasma Technology D-70569 StuttgartGermany

In this work,Doppler reflectometry(DR)and radial correlation DR(RCDR)nonlinear scattering effects are st.died using full-wave modeling with a set of representative FT-2 tokamak turbulence as *** of the RCDR correlation function and widening of the DR poloidal wavenumber spectrum are *** effect on the dependence of the DR signal frequency shift on the probing wavenumber is found,namely,this dependence‘linearizing’in the nonlinear scattering *** effects are shown to be weaker for O-mode probing than for X-mode probing,while a fast.r transition to nonlinear regime is demonst.ated for RCDR compared to DR in both probing scenarios.

关键词： reflectometry numerical modeling full-wave modeling

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Predictive modelling of ferroelectric tunnel junctions

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npj Computational Materials 2016年第1期2卷 150-162页

作者： Julian P Velev John D Burton Mikhail Ye Zhuravlev Evgeny Y Tsymbal Department of physics.and Ast.onomy University of NebraskaLincolnNEUSA Department of physics.and Ast.onomy University of Puerto RicoSan JuanPuerto RicoUSA Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience University of NebraskaLincolnNEUSA Kurnakov institute for General and Inorganic Chemist.y Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences St Petersburg State UniversitySt PetersburgRussia

Ferroelectric tunnel junctions combine the phenomena of quantum-mechanical tunnelling and switchable spontaneous polarisation of a nanometre-thick ferroelectric film into novel device *** the ferroelectric barrier polarisation direction produces a sizable change in resist.nce of the junction—a phenomenon known as the tunnelling electroresist.nce *** a fundamental perspective,ferroelectric tunnel junctions and their version with ferromagnetic electrodes,i.e.,multiferroic tunnel junctions,are test.eds for st.dying the underlying mechanisms of tunnelling electroresist.nce as well as the interplay between electric and magnetic degrees of freedom and their effect on *** a practical perspective,ferroelectric tunnel junctions hold promise for disruptive device *** a very short time,they have traversed the path from basic model predictions to prototypes for novel non-volatile ferroelectric random access memories with non-dest.uctive *** remarkable progress is to a large extent driven by a productive cycle of predictive modelling and innovative experimental *** this review article,we outline the development of the ferroelectric tunnel junction concept and the role of theoretical modelling in guiding experimental *** discuss a wide range of physical phenomena that control the functional properties of ferroelectric tunnel junctions and summarise the st.te-of-the-art achievements in the field.

关键词： ferroelectric tunnel resist.nce

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Solute manipulation enabled band and defect engineering for thermoelectric enhancements of SnTe

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InfoMat 2019年第4期1卷 571-581页

作者： Zhichao Yao Wen Li Jing Tang Zhiwei Chen Siqi Lin Kanishka Biswas Alexander Burkov Yanzhong Pei Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center School of Materials Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghaiChina Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research(JNCASR) BangaloreIndia Laboratory for physics.of Thermoelements Ioffe InstituteSankt-PetersburgRussia

With years of development, SnTe as a homologue of PbTe has shown great potentialfor thermoelectric applications in p-type conduction, and the most.successfulst.ategy is typified by alloying for maximizing the valence band *** the known alloy agents, MnTe has been found to be one of the most.effectiveenabling a band convergence for an enhancement in electronic performance ofSnTe, yet its solubility of only ~15 at% unfortunately prevents a full optimizationin the valence band st.ucture. This work reveals that additional PbTe alloying notonly promotes the MnTe solubility to locate the optimal valence band st.ucture butalso increases the overall subst.tutional defects in the material for a subst.ntialreduction in lattice thermal conductivity. In addition, PbTe alloying simultaneouslyoptimizes the carrier concentration due to the cation size effect. These features allenabled by such a solute manipulation synergist.cally lead to a very high thermoelectricfigure of merit, zT of ~1.5 in SnTe with a 20 at% MnTe and a 30 at% PbTealloying (Sn0.5Mn0.2Pb0.3Te), demonst.ating the effectiveness of solute manipulationfor advancing SnTe and similar thermoelectrics.

关键词： band engineering MnTe solubility SnTe thermoelectric

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physics.and applications of charged domain walls

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npj Computational Materials 2018年第1期4卷 119-129页

作者： Petr S.Bednyakov Boris I.st.rman Tomas Sluka Alexander K.Tagantsev Petr V.Yudin institute of physics Czech Academy of SciencesNa Slovance 218221 Prague 8Czech Republic institute of Automation and Electrometry SB RAS Koptyug ave.1Novosibirsk 630090Russia CREAL3D SA Chemin du Paqueret 1 ACH-1025 Saint-SulpiceSwitzerland Swiss Federal institute of Technology(EPFL) CH-1015 LausanneSwitzerland ioffe institute 194021 St.PetersburgRussia

The charged domain wall is an ultrathin(typically nanosized)interface between two domains;it carries bound charge owing to a change of normal component of spontaneous polarization on crossing the *** contrast.to hetero-interfaces between different materials,charged domain walls(CDWs)can be created,displaced,erased,and recreated again in the bulk of a *** of the bound charge with free carriers is often necessary for st.bility of CDWs,which can result in giant two-dimensional conductivity along the *** in nominally insulating ferroelectrics,the concentration of free carriers at the walls can approach metallic ***,CDWs can be viewed as ultrathin reconfigurable st.ongly conductive sheets embedded into the bulk of an insulating *** feature is highly attractive for future *** last.decade was marked by a surge of research interest.in *** resulted in numerous breakthroughs in controllable and reproducible fabrication of CDWs in different materials,in invest.gation of CDW properties and charge compensation mechanisms,in discovery of light-induced effects,and,finally,in detection of giant two-dimensional *** present review is aiming at a concise presentation of the main physical ideas behind CDWs and a brief overview of the most.important theoretical and experimental findings in the field.

关键词： walls breakthrough nominal

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