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Effect of Reduction in iodine Content of Edible Salt on the iodine Status of the Chinese Population

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2018年第9期31卷 645-653页

作者： HE Qian SU Xiao Hui LIU Peng FAN Li Jun MENG Fan Gang LIU Li Xiang LI Ming LIU Shou Jun institute for iodine deficiency disorders Control Center for Endemic Disease Control Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Harbin Medical University

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the revised Chinese National Standard GB26878-2011 ＇iodine Content in Edible Salt＇ on the iodine status among the Chinese population. Methods In 2011 and 2014, the probability proportionate to size sampling（PPS） was used in each Chinese province to obtain the representative data. In each sampling unit, school children aged 8-10 years and pregnant women were selected. Key indicators included urinary iodine concentration（UIC）, thyroid volume（TV）, and the iodine content in edible household salt. Results The median urinary iodine concentration（MUIC） decreased between 2011 and 2014 from 238.6 to 197.9 μg/L in school-age children. The number of provinces with iodine excess decreased to zero. The proportion of children whose UIC was 〉 300 μg/L was 18.8% and decreased to 11% compared with 29.8% in 2011. There was no significant difference in UIC 〈 50 μg/L between 2014（4.3%） and 2011（3.7%）（P 〉 0.05）. The MUIC among pregnant women in 2014 was more concentrated between 110 and 230 μg/L. The goiter rate among children aged 8-10 years was unchanged, both the goiter rate of 2011 and 2014 remaining below 5%, in view of the sustainable elimination of iodine deficiency disorders. Conclusion The National Standard GB26878-2011 ＇iodine Content in Edible Salt＇ that was introduced in March 2012 resulted in an overall improvement in iodine status, reducing the risk of excessive iodine intake in the Chinese population.

关键词： Urinary iodine concentration Thyroid volume PPS method

Development and validation of a risk assessment model for prediabetes in China national diabetes survey

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第32期10卷 11789-11803页

作者： Li-Ping Yu Fen Dong Yong-Ze Li Wen-Ying Yang Si-Nan Wu Zhong-Yan Shan Wei-Ping Teng Bo Zhang Department of Endocrinology China-Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing 100029China institute of Clinical Medical Sciences China-Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing 100029China Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001Liaoning ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Prediabetes risk assessment models derived from large sample sizes are *** To establish a robust assessment model for prediabetes and to validate the model in different *** The China National Diabetes and Metabolic disorders Study(CNDMDS)collected information from 47325 participants aged at least 20 years across China from 2007 to *** Thyroid disorders,iodine Status and Diabetes Epidemiological Survey(TIDE)study collected data from 66108 participants aged at least 18 years across China from 2015 to 2017.A logistic model with stepwise selection was performed to identify significant risk factors for prediabetes and was internally validated by bootstrapping in the *** validations were performed in diverse populations,including populations of Hispanic(Mexican American,other Hispanic)and non-Hispanic(White,Black and Asian)participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)in the United States and 66108 participants in the TIDE study in China.C statistics and calibration plots were adopted to evaluate the model’s discrimination and calibration *** A set of easily measured indicators(age,education,family history of diabetes,waist circumference,body mass index,and systolic blood pressure)were selected as significant risk factors.A risk assessment model was established for prediabetes with a C statistic of 0.6998(95%CI:0.6933 to 0.7063)and a calibration slope of *** externally validated in the NHANES and TIDE studies,the model showed increased C statistics in Mexican American,other Hispanic,Non-Hispanic Black,Asian and Chinese populations but a slightly decreased C statistic in non-Hispanic White *** the risk assessment model to the TIDE population,we obtained a C statistic of 0.7308(95%CI:0.7260 to 0.7357)and a calibration slope of 1.1137.A risk score was derived to assess *** with scores≥7 points were at high risk of prediabetes,with a se

关键词： Hyperglycemia Prediabetes Risk assessment model Risk scores

Association between iron deficiency and prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in pregnant and non-pregnant women of childbearing age: a cross-sectional study

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Chinese Medical Journal 2019年第18期132卷 2143-2149页

作者： Han-Yi Zhang Xiao-Chun Teng Zhong-Yan Shan Zhao-Jun Wang Chen-Yan Li Xiao-Hui Yu Jin-Yuan Mao Wei-Wei Wang Xiao-Chen Xie Wei-Ping Teng Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Endocrine Institute and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang Liaoning 110001 China Department of Emergency The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang Liaoning 110001 China

Background: Thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) is prevalent among women of reproductive age and associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the association between iron nutritional status and the prevalence of TAI in women during the first trimester of pregnancy and in non-pregnant women of childbearing age. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 7463 pregnant women during the first trimester of pregnancy and 2185 non-pregnant women of childbearing age nested within the sub-clinical hypothyroid in early pregnancy study, a prospective collection of pregnant and non-pregnant women’s data, was conducted in liaoning province of China between 2012 and 2015. Serum thyrotropin, free thyroxine, thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAbs), thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAbs), serum ferritin, and urinary iodine were measured. Iron deficiency (ID) was defined as serum ferritin 150 μg/L. TPOAb-positive was defined as >34 U/mL and TgAb-positive was defined as >115 U/mL. Multilevel logistic regression was conducted to examine the association between TAI and different iron nutritional status after adjusting for potential confounders. Results: The prevalence of isolated TPOAb-positive was markedly higher in women with ID than those without ID, in both pregnant and non-pregnant women (6.28% vs. 3.23%,χ^2 = 10.264, P = 0.002;6.25% vs. 3.70%,χ^2 = 3,791, P = 0.044;respectively). After adjusting for confounders and the cluster effect of hospitals, ID remained associated with TPOAb-positive in pregnant and non-pregnant women (odds ratio [OR]: 2.111, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.241–3.591, P = 0.006;and OR: 1.822, 95% CI: 1.011–3.282, P = 0.046, respectively). Conclusion: ID was associated with a higher prevalence of isolated TPOAbs-positive, but not with isolated TgAb-positive, in both pregnant women during the first trimester of pregnancy and non-pregnant women of childbearing age, while IO was not associated wit

关键词： Iron deficiency Iron overload Thyroid autoimmunity Cross-sectional study Pregnant Childbearing age

Time Series and Spatial Epidemiological Analysis of the Prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders in China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2022年第8期35卷 735-745页

作者： FAN Li Jun GAO Yun Yan MENG Fan Gang LIU Chang LIU Lan Chun DU Yang LIU Li Xiang LI Ming SU Xiao Hui LIU Shou Jun LIU Peng institute of lodine deficiencydisorders Center for Endemic Disease ControlChinese Center forDisease Control and PreventionHarbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081HeilongjiangChina National Health Commission&Education Bureau of Heilongjiang province Key laboratory of Etiology and EpidemiologyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081HeilongjiangChina

Objective To recognize the spatial and temporal characteristics of iodine deficiency disorders(IDD),China national IDD surveillance data for the years of 1995–2018 were *** Time series analysis was used to describe and predict the IDD related indicators,and spatial analysis was used to analyze the spatial distribution of salt iodine *** In China,the median urinary iodine concentration increased in 1995–1997,then decreased to adequate levels,and are expected to remain appropriate in 2019–*** goiter rate continually decreased and is expected to be maintained at a low *** 2002,the coverage rates of iodized salt and the consumption rates of qualified iodized salt(the percentage of qualified iodized salt in all tested salt) increased and began to decline in 2012;they are expected to continue to *** epidemiological analysis indicated a positive spatial correlation in 2016–2018 and revealed feature regarding the spatial distribution of salt related indicators in coastal areas and areas near iodine-excess *** iodine nutrition in China showed gradual ***,a recent decline has been observed in some areas following changes in the iodized salt supply in *** the future,more regulations regarding salt management should be issued to strengthen IDD control and prevention measures,and avoid the recurrence of IDD.

关键词： Salt iodine lodine deficiency disorders Time series analysis Space epidemiology Reform for the salt industry system

A Cross-Sectional Survey of Iodized Salt Usage in Dining Establishments—13 PLADs,China,2021–2022

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China CDC weekly 2023年第34期5卷 751-755页

作者： Ying Zhang Jichun Wang Xiuwei Li Wei Ma Jianqiang Wang Haiyan Wang Jing Xu National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition National Institute for Nutrition and HealthChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Science and Technology Department Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina.

Summary What is already known about this topic?The National iodine deficiency Disease Surveillance system is exclusively focused on monitoring cooking salt used within ***,there is a lack of nationally representative data on the use of iodized salt in dining *** is added by this report?This study evaluated 7,889 salt samples obtained from dining establishments located in 13 provincial-level administrative divisions across *** findings indicated that coverage rate of iodized salt(CRIS)and the consumption rate of adequately iodized salt(CRAIS)were found to be 95.2%and 90.2%,***,880 samples were classified as iodized salt and 804 as adequately iodized *** coastal areas,the CRIS and CRAIS showed a significant decrease to 77.1%and 70.5%,respectively,when compared to the inland regions(P<0.01).

关键词： finding system inland

Iodized salt consumption and iodine deficiency status in China: a cross-sectional study

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Global Health Journal 2017年第2期1卷 23-37页

作者： Lijun Fan Xiaohui Su Hongmei Shen Peng Liu Fangang Meng Jun Yan Zhenglong Lei Shubin Zhang Yunyou Gu Shoujun Liu Dianjun Sun Center for Endemic Disease Control Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinHeilongjiang 150081China Bureau of Disease Prevention and Control National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of ChinaBeijing 100044China National Reference Laboratory of IDD National Institute for Nutrition and HealthChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100050China

Objective:To monitor iodized salt consumption and evaluate iodine deficiency status in 2014 in *** and Methods:In 2014,a nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted in 31 provinces (in this study,provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities in China's Mainland were named as provinces).Probability proportional to size sampling method was adopted to recruit children ages 8-10 and pregnant women.47,467 children's and 18,994 pregnant women's urine samples were collected and 47,706 children's thyroid volumes were *** content in salt was determined with 46,900 edible salt samples from children's households;urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was tested from children and pregnant women's urine samples;thyroid volume of children was assessed by ***:The national coverage rate of iodized salt and consumption rate of qualified iodized salt were 96.3％ and 91.5％,*** iodine content in iodized salt was 25.2 mg/*** 22 of 31 provinces,the provincial coverage rates of iodized salt were over 95％.And consumption rates of qualified iodized salt were more than 90％ in 21 *** this study,the national median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) of children in China was 197.9 μg/*** the provincial level,MUIC of children in 19 provinces was 100-199 μg/L,which in 12 provinces was 200-299 μg/*** national MUIC of pregnant women in 2014 was 154.6 μg/L,slightly higher than the lower limit of the WHO criteria for adequate (150-249 μg/L).At the provincial level,MUIC of pregnant women in 18 provinces was 100-149 μg/L,which in 13 provinces was 150-249 μg/*** national prevalence of goiter among children in 2014 was 2.6％,of which only Shandong province (5.6％) exceeded the national standard (5％).Conclusions:In China,iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) has been eliminated since *** in 2014,the IDD-free status still remained.

关键词： iodized salt median urinary iodine concentration prevalence of goiter iodine deficiency disorders the seventh national survey the coverage rate of iodized salt consumption rate of qualified iodized salt