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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第1期10卷 66-75页

作者： Lingkang Zeng Wei Yao Ze Hu Hang Shuai Zhouping Li Jinyu Wen Shijie Cheng state Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Dispatching and Control Center Central China Branch of State Grid Corporation of ChinaWuhan 430077China. department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA

Generator tripping scheme(GTS)is the most commonly used scheme to prevent power systems from losing safety and stability.Usually,GTS is composed of offline predetermination and real-time scenario match.However,it is extremely time-consuming and labor-intensive for manual predetermination for a large-scale modern power system.To improve efficiency of predetermination,this paper proposes a framework of knowledge fusion-based deep reinforcement learning(KF-DRL)for intelligent predetermination of GTS.First,the Markov Decision Process(MDP)for GTS problem is formulated based on transient instability events.Then,linear action space is developed to reduce dimensionality of action space for multiple controllable generators.Especially,KF-DRL leverages domain knowledge about GTS to mask invalid actions during the decision-making process.This can enhance the efficiency and learning process.Moreover,the graph convolutional network(GCN)is introduced to the policy network for enhanced learning ability.Numerical simulation results obtained on New England power system demonstrate superiority of the proposed KF-DRL framework for GTS over the purely data-driven DRL method.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning generator tripping scheme graph convolutional network invalid action masking knowledgefusion

Integrated Frequency-constrained Scheduling Considering Coordination of Frequency Regulation Capabilities from Multi-source Converters

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第1期12卷 261-274页

作者： Jiaming Li Ying Qiao Zongxiang Lu Wei Ma Xin Cao Rongfu Sun the department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China the china Suntien Green Energy Limited Company Shijiazhuang 050011China the state grid Jibei Electric Power Company Beijing 100054China

As the proportion of renewable energy(RE)increases,the inertia and the primary frequency regulation(FR)capability of the power system decrease.Thus,ensuring frequency security in the scheduling model has become a new technical requirement in power systems with a high share of RE.Due to a shortage of conventional synchronous generators,the frequency support of multi-source converters has become an indispensable part of the system frequency resources,especially variable-speed wind turbine generation(WTG)and battery energy storage(BES).Quantitative expression of the FR capability of multi-source converters is necessary to construct frequency-constrained scheduling model.However,the frequency support performance of these converter-interfaced devices is related to their working states,operation modes,and parameters,and the complex coupling of these factors has not been fully exploited in existing models.In this study,we propose an integrated frequency-constrained scheduling model considering the coordination of FR capabilities from multi-source converters.Switchable FR control strategies and variable FR parameters for WTG with or without reserved power are modeled,and multi-target allocation of BES capacity between tracking dispatch instruction and emergency FR is analyzed.Then,the variable FR capabilities of WTG and BES are embedded into the integrated frequency-constrained scheduling model.The nonlinear constraints for frequency security are precisely linearized through an improved iteration-based strategy.The effectiveness of the proposed model is verified in a modified IEEE 24-bus standard system.The results suggest that the coordinated participation of BES and WTG in FR can effectively reduce the cost of the scheduling model while meeting frequency security constraints.

关键词： Battery energy storage(BES) wind turbine generation(WTG) frequency regulation(FR) frequency security power system scheduling

A Distributed Computing Algorithm for Electricity Carbon Emission Flow and Carbon Emission Intensity

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2024年第2期9卷 138-146页

作者： Xingping Wu Wei Yang Ning Zhang Chunlei Zhou Jinwei Song Chongqing Kang Big Data Center of china Network Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering state Network Big Data Center department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina 不详 Big Data Center State Grid Corporation of ChinaBeijing 100052China department of Electrical Engi-neering Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina

The calculation of the indirect carbon emis-sion is essential for power system policy making,carbon market development,and power grid planning.The em-bedded carbon emissions of the electricity system are commonly calculated by carbon emission flow theory.However,the calculation procedure is time-consuming,especially for a country with 500-1000 thousand nodes,making it challenging to obtain nationwide carbon emis-sions intensity precisely.Additionally,the calculation procedure requires to gather all the grid data with high classified levels from different power grid companies,which can prevent data sharing and cooperation among different companies.This paper proposes a distributed computing algorithm for indirect carbon emission that can reduce the time consumption and provide privacy protection.The core idea is to utilize the sparsity of the nodes’flow matrix of the nationwide grid to partition the computing procedure into parallel sub-procedures exe-cuted in multiple terminals.The flow and structure data of the regional grid are transformed irreversibly for pri-vacy protection,when transmitted between terminals.A 1-master-and-N-slave layout is adopted to verify the method.This algorithm is suitable for large grid compa-nies with headquarter and branches in provinces,such as the state grid corporation of china.

关键词： Carbon emission flow cooperative computing carbon emission intensity matrix block par-tition power flow tracing parallel computing privacy protection

Distributed Photovoltaic Real-Time Output Estimation Based on Graph Convolutional Networks

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Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science) 2024年第2期29卷 290-296页

作者：陈利跃洪道鉴何星卢东祁张乾谢妮娜徐一洲应煌浩 state grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co. Ltd.Hangzhou 310007China state grid Zhejiang Taizhou Power Supply Company Taizhou 318000ZhejiangChina department of Automation School of Electronic Information and Electrical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

The rapid growth of distributed photovoltaic(PV)has remarkable influence for the safe and economic operation of power systems.In view of the wide geographical distribution and a large number of distributed PV power stations,the current situation is that it is dificult to access the current dispatch data network.According to the temporal and spatial characteristics of distributed PV,a graph convolution algorithm based on adaptive learning of adjacency matrix is proposed to estimate the real-time output of distributed PV in regional power grid.The actual case study shows that the adaptive graph convolution model gives different adjacency matrixes for different PV stations,which makes the corresponding output estimation algorithm have higher accuracy.

关键词： distributed photovoltaic(PV) graph convolution network power estimation

Exploiting demand-side heterogeneous flexible resources in risk management of power system frequency

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 1612-1627页

作者： YAO Yu SONG YongHua YE ChengJin DING Yi ZHAO YuMing College of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China state Key Laboratory of internet of Things for Smart City University of MacaoMacao SAR519000China Shenzhen Power Supply Bureau Co. Ltd.Shenzhen518051China

More demand-side flexible resources(DFRs)are participating in the frequency regulation of renewable power systems,whose heterogeneous characteristics have a significant impact on the system frequency response.Consequently,selecting suitable DFRs poses a formidable challenge for independent system operators(ISO).In this paper,a reserve allocation methodology for heterogeneous DFRs is proposed to manage the risk of power system frequency.Firstly,a performance curve is developed to describe the cost,capacity,and response speed of DFRs.Moreover,a clustering method for multiple distributed DFRs is conducted to calculate the aggregated performance curves and uncertainty coefficients.Then,the frequency security criterion considering DFRs’performance is constructed,whose linearity makes it can be easily coupled into the system scheduling model and solved.Furthermore,a risk management model for DFRs considering frequency-chance-constraint is proposed to make a trade-off between cost and frequency security.Finally,the model is transformed into mixed integer second-order cone programming(MISOCP)and solved by the commercial solver.The proposed model is validated by the IEEE 30 and IEEE 118 bus systems.

关键词： demand-side heterogenous flexible resources risk management of power system frequency performance curve aggregation method mixed integer second-order cone programming

Real-Time Safety Behavior Detection Technology of Indoors Power Personnel Based on Human Key Points

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Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science) 2024年第2期29卷 309-315页

作者：杨坚李聪敏洪道鉴卢东祁林秋佳方兴其喻谦张乾 state grid Zhejiang Taizhou Power Supply Company Taizhou 318000ZhejiangChina department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Zhejiang Huayun Information Technology Co. Ltd.Hangzhou 310012China

Safety production is of great significance to the development of enterprises and society.Accidents often cause great losses because of the particularity environment of electric power.Therefore,it is important to improve the safety supervision and protection in the electric power environment.In this paper,we simulate the actual electric power operation scenario by monitoring equipment and propose a real-time detection method of illegal actions based on human body key points to ensure safety behavior in real time.In this method,the human body key points in video frames were first extracted by the high-resolution network,and then classified in real time by spatial-temporal graph convolutional network.Experimental results show that this method can effectively detect illegal actions in the simulated scene.

关键词： real-time behavior recognition human key points high-resolution network spatial-temporal graph convolutional network

Key Technologies and Prospects for Electric Vehicles Within Emerging Power Systems: Insights from Five Aspects

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 439-447页

作者： Yalun Li Minggao Ouyang C.C.Chan Xueliang Sun Yonghua Song Wei Cai Yilin Xie Yuqiong Mao department of Electrical Engineering and School of Vehicle and MobilityTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Vehicle and Mobility Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Western OntarioLondonON N6A 3K7Canada state Key Laboratory of internet of Things for Smart City University of MacaoTaipaMacao 999078China department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Harbin University of Science and TechnologyHarbin 150080China

The energy revolution requires coordination in energy consumption, supply, storage and institutional systems.Renewable energy generation technologies, along with their associated costs, are already fully equipped for large-scale promotion.However, energy storage remains a bottleneck, and solutions areneeded through the use of electric vehicles, which traditionallyplay the role of energy consumption in power systems. Toclarify the key technologies and institutions that support EVsas terminals for energy use, storage, and feedback, the CSEEJPES forum assembled renowned experts and scholars in relevantfields to deliver keynote reports and engage in discussions ontopics such as vehicle–grid integration technology, advancedsolid-state battery technology, high-performance electric motortechnology, and institutional innovation in the industry chain.These experts also provided prospects for energy storage andutilization technologies capable of decarbonizing new powersystems.

关键词： Electric vehicles engineering philosophy highpower density motor new power system solid state batteries vehicle grid integration.

Regulation Flexibility Assessment and Optimal Aggregation Strategy of Greenhouse Loads in Modern Agricultural Parks

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2024年第3期9卷 98-111页

作者： Shiwei Xia Liuyang Cai Mingze Tong Ting Wu Peng Li Xiang Gao IEEE the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBeijingChina North china Electric Power University BeijingChina the School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen 518055China the Economic and Technical Research Institute of state grid Henan Electric Power Company Shenzhen Polytechnic University ShenzhenChina

With advances in modern agricultural parks,the rural energy structure has undergone profound change,leading to the emergence of an agricultural energy internet.This integrated system combines agricultural energy utilization,the information internet,and agricultural production.Accordingly,this study proposes a regulation flexibility assessment approach and optimal aggregation strategy of greenhouse loads(GHLs)for modern agricultural parks.First,taking into account the operational characteristics of typical GHLs,refined load demand models for lighting,humidification,and temperature-controlled loads are established.Secondly,the recursive least squares method-based parameter identification method is designed to accurately determine key GHL model parameters.Finally,based on the regulation flexibility of quantitatively evaluated GHLs,GHLs are optimally aggregated into multiple flexible aggregators considering minimal operational cost and greenhouse environmental constraints.The results indicate that the proposed regulation flexibility assessment approach and optimal aggregation strategy of GHLs can alleviate the peak regulation pressure on power grids by flexibly shifting the load demands of GHLs.

关键词： Agricultural park,greenhouse load parameter identification,regulation flexibility,optimal aggregation of GHLs

Metal-free Optical Pressure Sensor with High Sensitivity and Extensive Range

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第3期10卷 1291-1300页

作者： Mao Ji Meng Huang Haomin Lyu Sheng Shi Bo Qi Chengrong Li state Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China IEEE CSEE

Pressure monitoring of a transformer oil tank can grasp the pressure change process caused by gas production when severe internal defects occur and take timely measures to ensure the safe operation of the transformer.Existing pressure sensors generally use metal encapsulation or have an air cavity structure,threatening the transformer’s insulation if it is directly used inside the transformer.To this end,this paper proposes a method for developing a high-sensitivity,large-range,and metallizationfree optical pressure sensing device with temperature compensation.Fiber grating is encapsulated by fluorosilicone rubber and supplemented by an epoxy resin shielding shell on the outside.At the same time,a double-grating vertical arrangement is adopted to improve pressure measurement sensitivity,further avoiding the influence of temperature rise caused by a defect of the transformer on the measurement result of the sensor.In addition,by optimizing the geometric structure of the internal sensitizing element,pre-stretching length of the fiber grating,gap distance,and other parameters,probe size can be reduced while ensuring the sensor’s performance.Results show the proposed method can meet the requirements of sensor fabrication with different sensitivities and ranges,and to a certain extent,both high sensitivity and extensive ranges can be taken into account.The sensitivity of the fabricated prototype is 15 pm/kPa,and the range is about 0.2 MPa.At the same time,the metal-free feature of the sensor makes it suitable for use in various oil-immersed power equipment.It records oil pressure changes caused by oil discharge breakdown,making it sensitive to small pressure changes in early failures.

关键词： Highly sensitive extensive range optical sensing no metallization pressure perception temperature compensation transformer

Exact Box-Constrained Economic Operating Region for Power grids Considering Renewable Energy Sources

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第2期12卷 514-523页

作者： Huating Xu Bin Feng Chutong Wang Chuangxin Guo Jian Qiu Mingyang Sun College of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China department of Control Science and Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

The growing integration of renewable energy sources manifests as an effective strategy for reducing carbon emissions. This paper strives to efficiently approximate the set of optimal scheduling plans(OSPs) to enhance the performance of the steady-state adaptive cruise method(SACM) of power grid, improving the ability of dealing with operational uncertainties. Initially, we provide a mathematical definition of the exact boxconstrained economic operating region(EBC-EOR) for the power grid and its dispatchable components. Following this, we introduce an EBC-EOR formulation algorithm and the corresponding bi-level optimization models designed to explore the economic operating boundaries. In addition, we propose an enhanced big-M method to expedite the computation of the EBCEOR. Finally, the effectiveness of the EBC-EOR formulation, its economic attributes, correlation with the scheduling plan underpinned by model predictive control, and the significant improvement in computational efficiency(over twelvefold) are verified through case studies conducted on two test systems..

关键词： Exact box-constrained economic operating region(EBC-EOR) big-M method intelligent scheduling steady-state adaptive cruise uncertainty renewable energy source