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Estimating the instantaneous reproduction number(R_(t))by using particle filter

Infectious Disease Modelling 2023年第4期8卷 1002-1014页

作者： Yong Sul Won Woo-Sik Son Sunhwa Choi Jong-Hoon Kim National institute for Mathematical Sciences DaejeonSouth Korea international vaccine institute SeoulSouth Korea

Background:Monitoring the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)requires accurate estimation of the effective reproduction number(Rt).However,existing methods for calculating Rt may yield biased estimates if important real-world factors,such as delays in confirmation,pre-symptomatic transmissions,or imperfect data observation,are not ***:To include real-world factors,we expanded the susceptible-exposed-infectiousrecovered(SEIR)model by incorporating pre-symptomatic(P)and asymptomatic(A)states,creating the SEPIAR *** utilizing both stochastic and deterministic versions of the model,and incorporating predetermined time series of Rt,we generated simulated datasets that simulate real-world challenges in estimating *** then compared the performance of our proposed particle filtering method for estimating Rt with the existing EpiEstim approach based on renewal ***:The particle filtering method accurately estimated Rt even in the presence of data with delays,pre-symptomatic transmission,and imperfect *** evaluating via the root mean square error(RMSE)metric,the performance of the particle filtering method was better in general and was comparable to the EpiEstim approach if perfectly deconvolved infection time series were provided,and substantially better when Rt exhibited short-term fluctuations and the data was right ***:The SEPIAR model,in conjunction with the particle filtering method,offers a reliable tool for predicting the transmission trend of COVID-19 and assessing the impact of intervention *** approach enables enhanced monitoring of COVID-19 transmission and can inform public health policies aimed at controlling the spread of the disease.

关键词： Particle filter Sequential Monte Carlo Effective reproduction number COVID-19 Transmission model Compartment model

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Mapping the high burden areas of cholera in Nepal for potential use of oral cholera vaccine: An analysis of data from publications and routine surveillance systems

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2020年第3期13卷 107-114页

作者： Chulwoo Rhee Birendra Prasad Gupta Bibek Kumar Lal Jacqueline Kyungah Lim TAnh Wartel JuliaLynch Sushant Sahastrabuddhe international vaccine institute(IVI) SeoulRepublic of Korea Epidemiology and Disease Control Division Department of Health ServicesMinistry of Health and PopulationKathmanduNepal

Objective:To assess the extent of existing published evidence on cholera and to characterize the epidemiologic data of cholera in ***:We conducted a literature scoping review by summarizing published literature reporting on cholera in Nepal from January 1946 to March 2019 in online databases:MEDLINE,Embase,Cochrane,and Global ***,we reviewed national surveillance data on clinically diagnosed and laboratory confirmed cholera reported by the Ministry of Health and ***:Most of the published studies were conducted predominantly in Kathmandu Valley during the rainy season;however,outbreaks have been reported in other parts of Nepal including Terai,Hilly and Mountain *** literature review exhibited that all age groups were affected by cholera,but particularly children and young adults were at-risk age groups in *** cholerae serogroup O1,biotype El Tor,serotype Ogawa has been predominantly isolated with an emergence of resistant strains since *** mass vaccination campaigns using oral cholera vaccines were conducted:Rautahat district in 2014 and Banke district in ***:Capacity building for a nation wide systematic cholera surveillance with rapid and reliable diagnosis is needed to better estimate the burden of cholera and identify geographically at-risk areas associated with the disease in *** is essential for developing an adequate policy on oral cholera vaccine introduction and effective water,sanitation and hygiene interventions.

关键词： Cholera Outbreak Oral cholera vaccine Surveillance Nepal

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Post-translational modifications of hepatitis C viral proteins and their biological significance

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第47期19卷 8929-8939页

作者： Jana Hundt Zhubing Li Qiang Liu vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-international vaccine Center University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N 5E3Canada

Replication of hepatitis C virus(HCV)depends on the interaction of viral proteins with various host cellular proteins and signalling *** to cellular proteins,post-translational modifications(PTMs)of HCV proteins are essential for proper protein function and regulation,thus,directly affecting viral life cycle and the generation of infectious virus *** of the HCV polyprotein by cellular and viral proteases into more than 10 proteins represents an early protein modification step after translation of the HCV positivestranded RNA *** key modifications include the regulated intramembranous proteolytic cleavage of core protein,disulfide bond formation of core,glycosylation of HCV envelope proteins E1 and E2,methylation of nonstructural protein 3(NS3),biotinylation of NS4A,ubiquitination of NS5B and phosphorylation of core and *** modifications like ubiquitination of core and palmitoylation of core and NS4B proteins have been reported as *** some modifications such as phosphorylation of NS3 and NS5A and acetylation of NS3,we have limited understanding of their effects on HCV replication and pathogenesis while the impact of other modifications is far from *** this review,we summarize the available information on PTMs of HCV proteins and discuss their relevance to HCV replication and pathogenesis.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Hepatitis C virus proteins Post-translational modifications of proteins Hepatitis C virus replication Hepatitis C virus pathogenesis

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Induction of murine interleukin-1 beta expression by water-soluble components from Hericium erinaceum

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2006年第8期27卷 1058-1064页

作者： Chang-gue SON~2 Jang-woo SHIN~2 Jung-hyo CHO~2 Chong-kwan CHO~2 Cheol-heui YUN~3 Seung-hyun HAN~(4,5,6) ~2East-West Cancer Center,Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejon University,Daejon,301-724,Republic of Korea ~3School of Agricultural Biotechnology,Seoul National University,Seoul 151-742,Korea ~4Department of Oromaxillofacial Infection and Immunity and Dental Research institute,School of Dentistry,Seoul National University.Seoul 110-749,Korea ~5Laboratory Sciences Division,international vaccine institute.Seoul 151-818.Korea East-West Cancer Center Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejon University Daejon Republic of Korea School of Agricultural Biotechnology Seoul National University Seoul Korea Department of Oromaxillofacial Infection and Immunity and Dental Research institute School of Dentistry Seoul National University Seoul Korea Laboratory Sciences Division International Vaccine Institute Seoul Korea

Aim:To investigate the inductive effect of water extract from Hericium erinaceum(WEHE)on interleukin-1β(IL-1β)***:A murine macrophagecell-line,RAW 264.7 was stimulated with 1 to 10 mg/L WEHE and inductions of IL-1β protein and its steady state mRNA were examined using a bioassay,Westernblotting,and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)*** inductive effect of WEHE on IL-1β gene expression was further investigatedby a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase(CAT)reporter gene assay using a tran-sient transfection with pIL-1(870 bp)-CAT where the expression of the CAT genewas regulated by a IL-1β *** electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA)was also performed to examine transcription factors,nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-kB),activator protein 1(AP-1),nuclear factor interleukin-6(NF-IL6),and cAMPresponse element(CRE)/activating transcription factor(ATF).Results:WEHEinduced IL-1β production in both its mRNA and protein expression in a dose-dependent *** inductive effect of WEHE on IL-1β gene expression wasdue to the augmentation of the IL- 1β ***,EMSA showedthat WEHE markedly increased the binding activities of NF-kB,and to a lesserextent,those of AP-1 and NF-IL6 to their cognate DNA recognition sites,whereasCRE/ATF binding remained constant,all of which are known to be involved in theregulation of IL-1β gene ***:WEHE induces IL-1β expres-sion in macrophages at a transcriptional level by enhancing the activation oftranscription factors,NF-kB,NF-IL6,and AP-1.

关键词： Hericium erinaceum interleukin-1 lipopolysaccharide

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一般的亚洲的疫苗(英文)

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旅行医学科学 2002年第4期8卷 7-,10页

作者：徐哲一 international vaccine institute Seoul Korea

Asia is a large area with 60%of world *** countries produce their own vaccines for control of those infectious diseases that are endemic in this area.

关键词： oral

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Influenza prevention can help meet wider public health objectives

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Health 2012年第10期4卷 963-967页

作者： Abraham Palache international Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations (IFPMA) Influenza vaccine Supply international Task Force (IVS ITF) Geneva Switzerland

Influenza burden: Influenza imposes a major burden on people and public health systems, causing millions of severe cases and up to one million deaths annually. Much of this burden is borne by those aged 65 or over, children under 2 years of age and people with non-communicable chronic diseases, such as heart and lung conditions and diabetes. In the elderly, influenza can have longer-term effects beyond acute infection, with some facing increased disability and care requirements. Prevention: Taking into account the growing elderly population worldwide and their susceptibility to non-communicable conditions as well as rising healthcare costs, public health policies are increasingly focusing on disease prevention strategies and promotion of healthy ageing initiatives. Influenza vaccination has an important role to play in these approaches. Immunization of high-risk groups is recommended by public health organizations, both internationally and locally within many countries. However, although vaccines are considered the most effective method for preventing influenza, many high-risk people remain unvaccinated. Improving vaccination rates: In recent years, research has focused on increasing vaccine coverage. The results demonstrate the key role healthcare professionals play in encouraging immunization, alongside factors such as communication, education and financial support for vaccination. Paradoxically, although vaccination recommendations often include healthcare professionals and studies demonstrate the potential protection offered to workers and patients, many remain unvaccinated. As a result, a growing number of organizations, particularly in North America, are implementing policies requiring vaccination of healthcare pro fessionals as a patient safety measure. In summary: Influenza vaccination has a key role to play in helping to protect the health of the growing elderly population, reduce the burden associated with non-communicable diseases and decrease the annual

关键词： Influenza Non-Communicable Disease Vaccination Public Health Policy Healthy Ageing Healthcare Professional Patient Safety

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HIV vaccine-Challenges and Opportunities

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Virologica Sinica 2007年第6期22卷 486-492页

作者： Xin MA Cai-jun SUN Feng LI Ling CHEN Guangzhou institute of Biomedicine and Health Guangzhou international Business Incubator Science Park Guangzhou 510663 China

The need for an efficacious HIV/AIDS vaccine remains the highest priority of the world HIV/AIDS agenda. The generation of an efficacious HIV/AIDS vaccine proves an enormous scientific challenge. This article reviews the neutralizing antibody problem,elusive immune protection,im-munogen design,pre-existing anti-vector immunity and design of phase 3 vaccine trials and the challenges and opportunities in development of HIV/AIDS vaccine are discussed.

关键词： Neutralizing antibody Cellular immune Protective immunity Immunogen Efficacy studies

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Full synthesis and bioactivity evaluation of Tn-RC-529 derivative conjugates as self-adjuvanting cancer vaccines

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2021年第10期32卷 3011-3014页

作者： Lingqiang Gao Qinghai Lian Leilei Ma Shiwei Su Menglan Yang Yuan Fang Zhongqiu Liu Xiang Luo Guochao Liao Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education International Institute for Translational Chinese MedicineGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou 510006China

A facile and efficient strategy was established for the construction of RC-529 and its *** conjugates of RC-529 derivatives with Tn antigen were synthesized and all elicited strong and T celldependent immune responses in mice without requiring external *** addition,all antisera induced by these conjugates could specifically recognize,bind to and kill Tn-overexpressing cancer ***,RC-529 shows promise as a useful platform for the development of new vaccine carriers with self-adjuvanting properties for the treatment of ***,preliminary structure-activity relationship analysis provides convincing support for further optimization of,and additional investigation into RC-529.

关键词： RC-529 Tn antigen Glycoconjugates Cancer vaccines

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Prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus infection among children hospitalized with acute lower respiratory tract infections in Southern India

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2019年第2期8卷 33-42页

作者： Sandesh Kini Bhuvanesh Sukhlal Kalal Sara Chandy Ranjani Shamsundar Anita Shet Department of Paediatrics Kasturba Medical College Manipal Academy of Higher Education Department of Biochemistry Yenepoya Medical College Yenepoya(Deemed to be University) Pushpagiri Research Centre Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre Department of Microbiology St. John’s Medical College international vaccine Access Center Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory infections among *** To investigate the proportion of RSV and non-RSV respiratory viral infections among hospitalized children ≤ 5 *** Hospitalized children aged < 5 years, with a diagnosis of acute lower respiratory infections(ALRI), admitted between August 2011-August 2013, were *** were defined as laboratory-confirmed RSV and non-RSV respiratory viruses by direct fluorescence assay from the nasopharyngeal *** Of 383 1-59 mo old children hospitalized with an acute lower respiratory infection, 33.9%(130/383) had evidence of viral infection, and RSV was detected in 24.5%(94/383). Co-infections with RSV and other respiratory viruses(influenza A or B, adenovirus, para influenza 1, 2 or 3) were seen in children 5.5%(21/383). Over 90% of the RSV-positive children were under 2 years of age. RSV was detected throughout the year with peaks seen after the monsoon *** hospitalized with RSV infection were more likely to have been exposed to a shorter duration of breastfeeding of less than 3 mo. RSV positive children had a shorter hospital stay, although there were significant complications requiring intensive care. Use of antibiotics was high among those with RSV and non-RSV viral *** Our study provides evidence of a high proportion of RSV and other virusassociated ALRI among hospitalized children in India. RSV infection was associated with fewer days of hospital stay compared to other causes of lower respiratory infections. A high level of antibiotic use was seen among all respiratory virus-associated hospitalizations. These results suggest the need for implementing routine diagnostics for respiratory pathogens in order to minimize the use of unnecessary antibiotics and plan prevention strategies among pediatric populations.

关键词： Respiratory syncytial virus Acute lower respiratory infections Children Epidemiology India Respiratory viral infection

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Quality of life of COVID-19 recovered patients:a 1-year follow-up study from Bangladesh

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第4期12卷 101-102页

作者： Mohammad Delwer Hossain Hawlader Md Utba Rashid Md Abdullah Saeed Khan Mowshomi Mannan Liza Sharmin Akter Mohammad Ali Hossain Tajrin Rahman Sabrina Yesmin Barsha Alberi Afifa Shifat Mosharop Hossian Tahmina Zerin Mishu Soumik Kha Sagar Ridwana Maher Manna Nawshin Ahmed Sree Shib Shankar Devnath Debu Irin Chowdhury Samanta Sabed Mashrur Ahmed Sabrina Afroz Borsha Faraz Al Zafar Sabiha Hyder Abdullah Enam Habiba Babul Naima Nur Miah Md.Akiful Haque Shopnil Roy K.M.Tanvir Hassan Mohammad Lutfor Rahman Mohammad Hayatun Nabi Koustuv Dalal Department of Public Health North South University Dhaka Bangladesh international Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh Dhaka Bangladesh National institute of Preventive and Social Medicine Dhaka Bangladesh Ibn Sina Medical College Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh Public Health Promotion and Development Society (PPDS) Dhaka Bangladesh Covid vaccine Coordination Cell Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) Dhaka Bangladesh institute of Statistical Research and Training (ISRT) University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh School of Health Sciences Division of Public Health Science Mid Sweden University Sundsvall Sweden

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic posed a danger to global public health because of the unprecedented physical,mental,social,and environmental impact affecting quality of life(QoL).The study aimed to find the changes in QoL among COVID-19 recovered individuals and explore the determinants of change more than 1 year after recovery in low-resource ***-19 patients from all eight divisions of Bangladesh who were confirmed positive by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction from June 2020 to November 2020 and who subsequently recovered were followed up twice,once immediately after recovery and again 1 year after the first *** follow-up study was conducted from November 2021 to January 2022 among 2438 individuals using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version(WHOQOL-BREF).After excluding 48 deaths,95 were rejected to participate,618 were inaccessible,and there were 45 cases of incomplete *** statistics,paired-sample analyses,generalized estimating equation(GEE)analysis,and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to test the mean difference in participants’QoL scores between the two *** participants(n=1710,70.1%)were male,and one-fourth(24.4%)were older than *** average physical domain score decreased significantly from baseline to follow-up,and the average scores in psychological,social,and environmental domains increased significantly at follow-up(P<0.05).By the GEE equation approach,after adjusting for other factors,we found that older age groups(P<0.001),being female(P<0.001),having hospital admission during COVID-19 illness(P<0.001),and having three or more chronic diseases(P<0.001),were significantly associated with lower physical and psychological QoL *** age and female sex[adjusted odd ratio(aOR)=1.3,95%confidence interval(CI)1.0–1.6]were associated with reduced social domain scores on multivariable logistic regression *** or semi-urban peo

关键词： Quality of life Health-related quality of life Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction COVID-19 Bangladesh

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