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Severe Global Environmental Issues Caused by Canada’s Record-Breaking Wildfires in 2023

Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2024年第4期41卷 565-571页

作者： Zhe WANG Zifa WANG Zhiyin ZOU Xueshun CHEN Huangjian WU Wending WANG Hang SU Fang LI Wenru XU Zhihua LIU Jiaojun ZHU State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China international Center for Climate and Environment sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China

Due to the record-breaking wildfires that occurred in Canada in 2023,unprecedented quantities of air pollutants and greenhouse gases were released into the *** wildfires had emitted more than 1.3 Pg CO_(2)and 0.14 Pg CO_(2)equivalent of other greenhouse gases(GHG)including CH4 and N_(2)O as of 31 *** wildfire-related GHG emissions constituted more than doubled Canada’s planned cumulative anthropogenic emissions reductions in 10 years,which represents a significant challenge to climate mitigation *** model simulations showed that the Canadian wildfires impacted not only the local air quality but also that of most areas in the northern hemisphere due to long-range transport,causing severe PM_(2.5)pollution in the northeastern United States and increasing daily mean PM_(2.5)concentration in northwestern China by up to 2μg *** observed maximum daily mean PM_(2.5)concentration in New York City reached 148.3μg m-3,which was their worst air quality in more than 50 years,nearly 10 times that of the air quality guideline(i.e.,15μg m-3)issued by the World Health Organization(WHO).Aside from the direct emissions from forest fires,the peat fires beneath the surface might smolder for several months or even longer and release substantial amounts of CO_(2).The substantial amounts of greenhouse gases from forest and peat fires might contribute to the positive feedback to the climate,potentially accelerating global *** better understand the comprehensive environmental effects of wildfires and their interactions with the climate system,more detailed research based on advanced observations and Earth System Models is essential.

关键词： Canada forest fire greenhouse gases PM_(2.5) transboundary air pollution

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Will the Globe Encounter the Warmest Winter after the Hottest Summer in 2023?

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2024年第4期41卷 581-586页

作者： Fei ZHENG Shuai HU Jiehua MA Lin WANG Kexin LI Bo WU Qing BAO Jingbei PENG Chaofan LI Haifeng ZONG Yao YAO Baoqiang TIAN Hong CHEN Xianmei LANG Fangxing FAN Xiao DONG Yanling ZHAN Tao ZHU Tianjun ZHOU Jiang ZHU international Center for Climate and Environment Science(ICCES) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Nansen-Zhu international Research Centre(NZC) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Center for Monsoon System Research(CMSR) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China CAS Key Lab of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia(RCE-TEA) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

In the boreal summer and autumn of 2023,the globe experienced an extremely hot period across both oceans and *** consecutive record-breaking mean surface temperature has caused many to speculate upon how the global temperature will evolve in the coming 2023/24 boreal *** this report,as shown in the multi-model ensemble mean(MME)prediction released by the institute of Atmospheric Physics at the Chinese Academy of sciences,a medium-to-strong eastern Pacific El Niño event will reach its mature phase in the following 2−3 months,which tends to excite an anomalous anticyclone over the western North Pacific and the Pacific-North American teleconnection,thus serving to modulate the winter climate in East Asia and North *** some uncertainty due to unpredictable internal atmospheric variability,the global mean surface temperature(GMST)in the 2023/24 winter will likely be the warmest in recorded history as a consequence of both the El Niño event and the long-term global warming ***,the middle and low latitudes of Eurasia are expected to experience an anomalously warm winter,and the surface air temperature anomaly in China will likely exceed 2.4 standard deviations above climatology and subsequently be recorded as the warmest winter since ***,the necessary early warnings are still reliable in the timely updated mediumterm numerical weather forecasts and sub-seasonal-to-seasonal prediction.

关键词： winter climate El Niño seasonal forecast GMST

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Assessment of Crop Yield in China Simulated by Thirteen Global Gridded Crop Models

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2024年第3期41卷 420-434页

作者： Dezhen YIN Fang LI Yaqiong LU Xiaodong ZENG Zhongda LIN Yanqing ZHOU international Center for Climate and Environment sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China

Global gridded crop models(GGCMs) have been broadly applied to assess the impacts of climate and environmental change and adaptation on agricultural production. China is a major grain producing country, but thus far only a few studies have assessed the performance of GGCMs in China, and these studies mainly focused on the average and interannual variability of national and regional yields. Here, a systematic national-and provincial-scale evaluation of the simulations by13 GGCMs [12 from the GGCM Intercomparison(GGCMI) project, phase 1, and CLM5-crop] of the yields of four crops(wheat, maize, rice, and soybean) in China during 1980–2009 was carried out through comparison with crop yield statistics collected from the National Bureau of Statistics of China. Results showed that GGCMI models generally underestimate the national yield of rice but overestimate it for the other three crops, while CLM5-crop can reproduce the national yields of wheat, maize, and rice well. Most GGCMs struggle to simulate the spatial patterns of crop yields. In terms of temporal variability, GGCMI models generally fail to capture the observed significant increases, but some can skillfully simulate the interannual variability. Conversely, CLM5-crop can represent the increases in wheat, maize, and rice, but works less well in simulating the interannual variability. At least one model can skillfully reproduce the temporal variability of yields in the top-10 producing provinces in China, albeit with a few exceptions. This study, for the first time, provides a complete picture of GGCM performance in China, which is important for GGCM development and understanding the reliability and uncertainty of national-and provincial-scale crop yield prediction in China.

关键词： global gridded crop model historical crop yield China multi-model evaluation

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Numerical evaluations on the fluid production in the in-situ conversion of continental shale oil reservoirs

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Petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2485-2501页

作者： Zhao-Bin Zhang Maryelin Josefina Brice?o Montilla Shou-Ding Li Xiao Li Jian-Peng Xing Yan-Zhi Hu Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences institute of Earth sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth and Planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences institute of Energy Peking University

In-situ conversion presents a promising technique for exploiting continental oil shale formations,characterized by highly fractured organic-rich rock. A 3D in-situ conversion model, which incorporates a discrete fracture network, is developed using a self-developed thermal-flow-chemical(TFC) *** of the model elucidates the in-situ conversion process in three stages and defines the transformation of fluids into three distinct outcomes according to their end stages. The findings indicate that kerogen decomposition increases fluid pressure, activating fractures and subsequently enhancing permeability. A comprehensive analysis of activated fracture permeability and heating power reveals four distinct production modes, highlighting that increasing heating power correlates with higher cumulative fluid production. Activated fractures, with heightened permeability, facilitate the mobility of heavy oil toward production wells but hinder its cracking, thereby limiting light hydrocarbon ***, energy efficiency research demonstrates the feasibility of the in-situ conversion in terms of energy utilization, especially when considering the surplus energy from high-fluctuation energy sources such as wind and solar power to provide heating.

关键词： In-situ conversion Continental shale oil Natural fracture network TFC model

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Central Asia revealed as a key area in evolution of Eremurus (Asphodelaceae)

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Plant Diversity 2024年第3期46卷 333-343页

作者： Dilmurod Makhmudjanov Sergei Volis Ziyoviddin Yusupov Inom Juramurodov Komiljon Tojibaev Tao Deng Hang Sun CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanChina Yunnan international Joint Laboratory for Biodiversity of Central Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanChina institute of Botany Academy Sciences of UzbekistanTashkent 100125Uzbekistan University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100864China

Eremurus was described at the beginning of the 19th ***,due to limited sampling and the small number of gene markers to date,its phylogeny and evolution are largely *** this study,we analyzed plastomes from 27 species belonging to 2 subgenera and 3 sections of Eremurus,which are found in Central Asia(its center of diversity)and *** also analyzed nuclear DNA ITS of 33 species,encompassing all subgenera and sections of the genus in Central Asia,southwest Asia and *** findings revealed that the genus was monophyletic,although both subgenera Eremurus and Henningia were found to be *** plastome and nrDNA-based phylogenetic trees had three clades that did not reflect the current taxonomy of the *** biogeographical and time-calibrated trees suggest that Eremurus originated in the ancient Tethyan area in the second half of the *** of Eremurus occurred from the early Oligocene to the late *** Sea retreat and several orogenetic events,such as the progressive uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and surrounding mountain belts(Altai,Pamir,Tian Shan),caused serious topographic and climate(aridification)changes in Central Asia that may have triggered a split of clades and *** this transformed Central Asia,speciation proceeded rapidly driven mainly by vicariance caused by numerous mountain chains and specialization to a variety of climatic,topographic and soil conditions that exist in this region.

关键词： Asphodelaceae Asphodeloideae Plastome Central Asia Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Differential Impact of Fertility on Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy of Older Adults Across Countries of Various Levels of Socio-Demographic Index—Worldwide,1995-2019

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China CDC weekly 2024年第39期6卷 991-995页

作者： Shuai Guo Chen Chen Yunhe Wang Yi Cao Zhiwei Leng Xiaoying Zheng Department of population Health and Aging Science School of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina School of population Medicine and Public Health Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Nuffield Department of population Health University of OxfordOxfordUK Center for Health Policy and Health Economics National Infrastructures for Translational MedicineInstitute of Clinical MedicinePeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina institute for Global Health and Development Peking UniversityBeijingChina

What is already known about this topic?Health-adjusted life expectancy(HALE)is a crucial indicator of global health,which is strongly correlated with the socio-demographic index(SDI)and population *** is added by this report?This study revealed that the correlation between total fertility rate(TFR)and HALE of older adults varies across countries with different SDI levels,offering valuable insights for the development of more targeted health promotion programs and *** are the implications for public health practice?Different health interventions should be tailored to countries with different levels of *** countries with both low fertility rates and low SDI,advanced measures are needed to address the challenge of an aging population that may live longer but face poorer health in the future.

关键词： demographic fertility offering

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Symbology of Feynman integrals from twistor geometries

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第3期67卷 44-59页

作者： Song He Jiahao Liu Yichao Tang Qinglin Yang School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUCASHangzhou 310024China CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China international Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific Beijing 100049 Peng Huanwu Center for Fundamental Theory Hefei 230026China School of Physical sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

We study the symbology of planar Feynman integrals in dimensional regularization by considering geometric configurations in momentum twistor space corresponding to their leading singularities(LS). Cutting propagators in momentum twistor space amounts to intersecting lines associated with loop and external dual momenta, including the special line associated with the point at infinity, which breaks dual conformal symmetry. We show that cross-ratios of intersection points on these lines, especially those on the infinity line, naturally produce symbol letters for Feynman integrals in D = 4-2∈, which include and generalize their LS. At one loop, we obtain all symbol letters using intersection points from quadruple cuts for integrals up to pentagon kinematics with two massive corners, which agree perfectly with canonical differential equation(CDE) results. We then obtain all two-loop letters, for up to four-mass box and one-mass pentagon kinematics, by considering more intersections arising from two-loop cuts. Finally we comment on how cluster algebras appear from this construction, and importantly how we may extend the method to non-planar integrals.

关键词： Feynman integrals symbol letters twistor geometry

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Observations on spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking and the mass gap of QCD in finite volume

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第9期76卷 42-47页

作者： Xiaolan Meng Bolun Hu Yi-Bo Yang University of Chinese Academy of sciences School of Physical SciencesBeijing 100049China CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUCASHangzhou 310024China international Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific Beijing/HangzhouChina

We present a lattice quantum chromodynamics(QCD)simulation with 2+1+1 flavor full QCD ensembles using near-physical quark masses and different spatial sizes L,at a~0.055 *** results show that the scalar and pesudoscalar 2-point correlator with a valence pion mass of approximately 230 MeV become degenerated at L≤1.0 fm,and such an observation suggests that the spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking disappears effectively at this *** the same time,the mass gap between the nucleon and pion masses remains larger thanΛQCDin the entire L∈[0.2,0.7]fm range.

关键词： lattice QCD chiral symmetry breaking confinement

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Parameterization of height-diameter and crown radius-diameter relationships across the globe

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第2期17卷 36-48页

作者： Xiang Song Jinxu Li Xiaodong Zeng international Center for Climate and Environment sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of Mathematics and Statistics North China University of Water Resources and Electric PowerZhengzhou 450046China College of Earth and Planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The tree height-diameter at breast height(H-DBH)and crown radius-DBH(CR-DBH)relationships are key for forest carbon/biomass estimation,parameterization in vegetation models and vegetation-atmosphere *** the H-DBH relationship has been widely investigated on site or regional scales,and a few of studies have involved CR-DBH relationships based on plot-level data,few studies have quantitatively verifed the universality of these two relationships on a global *** study evaluated the ability of 29 functions to ft the H-DBH and CR-DBH relationships for six different plant functional types(PFTs)on a global scale,based on a global plant trait *** showed that most functions were able to capture the H-DBH relationship for tropical PFTs and boreal needleleaf trees relatively accurately,but slightly less for temperate PFTs and boreal broadleaf trees(BB).For boreal PFTs,the S-shaped Logistic function ftted the H-DBH relationship best,while for temperate PFTs the Chapman-Richards function performed *** tropical needleleaf trees,the fractional function of DBH satisfactorily captured the H-DBH relationship,while for tropical broadleaf trees,the Weibull function and a composite function of fractions were the best *** CR-DBH,the ftting capabilities of all the functions were comparable for all PFTs except *** Logistic function performed best for two boreal PFTs and temperate broadleaf trees,but for temperate needleleaf trees and two tropical PFTs,some exponential functions demonstrated higher *** work provides valuable information for parameterization improvements in vegetation models and forest feld investigations.

关键词： tree height diameter at breast height crown radius ftting function parameterization vegetation model

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Import Policy Uncertainty and Innovation

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China & World Economy 2024年第1期32卷 197-230页

作者： Lingshan Chen Yunong Li Qian Xie Mao Zhou School of international Business Southwestern University of Finance and Economics(SWUFE)China School of international Business SWUFEChina institute of Economics Chinese Academy of Social SciencesChina

The Chinese government has emphasized innovation as the primary driving force for economic development in the new *** paper studies the effect of import policy uncertainty(IPU)on the innovation activity of Chinese manufacturing *** establishes a simple model to show that the presence of IPU encourages innovation and that a reduction in IPU discourages *** distinguishes the almost unnoticed IPU reduction from tariff reduction on China's WTO accession and develops a novel difference-in-differences specification that identifies the negative effect of IPU reduction on innovation using updated data for Chinese manufacturing and patent *** result holds after a battery of identification assumptions and robustness checks are *** import channel explains about two thirds of the effect of IPU on innovation,but not all of the ***,this paper examines the effect across firms of different levels of productivity and ownership types and patents of different categories.

关键词： import policy uncertainty innovation patent WTO

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