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Conventional Breeding and Molecular Markers for Blast Disease Resistance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第3期92卷 725-746页

作者： Adel A.Rezk Mohamed M.El-Malky Hossam S.El-Beltagi Mohammed Al-daej Kotb AAttia Agricultural Biotechnology Department College of Agricultural and Food ScienceKing Faisal UniversityAl-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Plant Pathology research institute Agriculture Research CenterGiza12619Egypt Rice research and training Center SakhaField Crops Research InstituteAgricultural Research CenterKafr El-Sheikh33717Egypt Biochemistry Department Faculty of AgricultureCairo UniversityGiza12613Egypt Center of Excellence in Biotechnology research King Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia Rice Biotechnology Laboratory Rice Research DepartmentField Crops Research InstituteARCKafr EL-Sheikh33717Egypt

Monogenic lines,which carried 23 genes for blast resistance were tested and used donors to transfer resistance genes by crossing *** results under blast nursery revealed that 9 genes from 23 genes were susceptible to highly susceptible under the three locations(Sakha,Gemmeza,and Zarzoura in Egypt);Pia,Pik,Pik-p,Piz-t,Pita,Pi b,Pi,Pi 19 and Pi ***,the genes Pii,Pik-s,Pik-h,Pi z,Piz-5,Pi sh,Pi 3,Pi 1,Pi 5,Pi 7,Pi 9,Pi 12,Pikm and Pita-2 were highly resistant at the same *** analysis confirmed the results,which divided into two groups;the first one included all the susceptible genes,while the second one included the resistance *** the greenhouse test,the reaction pattern of five races produced 100%resistance under artificial inoculation with eight genes showing complete resistance to all *** completely resistant genes:Pii,Pik-s,Piz,Piz-5(=bi2)(t),Pita(=Pi4)(t),Pita,Pi b and Pi1 as well as clustering analysis confirmed the *** the F1 crosses,the results showed all the 25 crosses were resistant for leaf blast disease under field ***,the results in F2 population showed seven crosses with segregation ratio of 15(R):1(S),two cross gave segregated ratio of 3 R:1 S and one gave 13:*** the identification of blast resistance genes in the parental lines,the marker K3959,linked to Pik-s gene and the variety IRBLKS-F5 carry this gene,which was from the monogenic *** results showed that four genotypes;Sakha 105,Sakha 103,Sakha 106 and IRBLKS-F5 were carrying Pik-s gene,while was absent in the Sakha 101,Sakha 104,IRBL5-M,IRBL9-W,IRBLTACP1 and IRBL9-W(R)*** for Pi 5 gene,the results showed that it was present in Sakha 103 and Sakha 104 varieties and absent in the rest of the *** addition,Pita-Pita-2 gene was found in the three Egyptian genotypes(Sakha 105,Sakha 101 and Sakha 104)plus IRBLTACP1 *** F2 generation,six populations were used to study the inheritance of blast resistance and s

关键词： Biotechnology tools clustering analysis monogenic lines resistance genes breeding Oryza sativa L.

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Rice(Oryza sativa L.)Breeding among Hassawi Landrace and Egyptian Genotypes for Stem Borer(Chilo agamemnon Bles.)Resistance and Related Quantitative Traits

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Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第9期91卷 1905-1922页

作者： Mohammed I.Al-Daej Mohamed M.El-Malky Muhammad N.Sattar Adel A.Rezk Muhammad N.Naqqash Jameel M.Al-Khayri Department of Agricultural Biotechnology College of Agriculture and Food SciencesKing Faisal UniversityAl-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Rice research and training Center Field Crops Research InstituteAgricultural Research CenterKafrelsheikh33717Egypt Central Laboratories King Faisal UniversityAl-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of Virus and Phytoplasma Plant Pathology InstituteAgricultural Research Center(ARC)Giza12619Egypt institute of Plant Protection University of AgricultureMultan66000Pakistan

Rice stem borer(Chilo agamemnon Bles.)is a primary insect pest of rice and is a major limiting factor to rice *** for insect-resistant crop varieties has been an economic way of integrated pest management(IPM)as it offers a viable and ecologically acceptable *** study was aimed to evaluate rice genotypes for their resistance against rice stem *** parental genotypes with twenty one F1 crosses were evaluated for genotypic variation in field *** of variance revealed significant differences for the studied traits in almost all crosses and *** addition,the mean squares of parents versus their crosses were signifi-cant for stem borer resistance and other associated ***,both general combining ability(GCA)and specific combining ability(SCA)variances were highly significant for all characters studied in the F1 *** on GCA,4 genotypes(Sakha101,Gz6903-3-4-2-1,Gz9577-4-1-1 and Hassawi)exhibited highly significant negative values for stem borer resistance(–0.53,–1.06,–0.18 and–0.49,respectively)indicating they are the best combiners for stem borer *** on SCA analysis,nine cross combinations showed highly significant negative effects for stem borer ***,the cross Giza178Hassawi was the best combination with significantly highest value for early *** addition,seven crosses showed highly significant negative SCA for plant height *** the other hand,for panicle length,number of primary branches/panicle,panicle weight and 1000-grain weight,seven,four,eight and six crosses showed highly significant positive SCA,*** result further revealed that the non-additive dominance genetic variance was higher than the additive variance for all evaluated traits indicating that non-additive genetic variances have a role in their *** broad-sense heritability estimates were high for all the studied *** stem borer resistance was significantly correl

关键词： Rice stem borer(Chilo agamemnon Bles.) general combining ability genetic parameters correlation coefficient principle component analysis

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Kinetic studies on recombinant stem bromelain

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Advances in Enzyme research 2013年第3期1卷 52-60页

作者： Muntari Bala Maizirwan Mel Mohamed Saedi Jami Azura Amid Hamzah Mohd Salleh Bioprocess and Molecular Engineering research Unit Department of Biotechnology Engineering International Islamic University Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia international institute for halal research & training (INHART) international Islamic University Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Stem bromelain is a plant thiol protease with several industrial and therapeutic applications. This current work presents kinetic studies of recombinant bromelain (recBM) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21-AI on foursynthetic substrates, N-α-carbobenzoxy-L-alanyl-p-nitrophenylester (ZANPE), N-α-carbobenzoxy-L-arginyl-L-ar-ginine-p-nitroanilide (ZAANA), N-α-carbobenzo-xy-L-phenylalanyl-L-valyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanili-de (ZPVANA) and L-pyroglutamyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-leucine-p-nitroanilide (PFLNA). Hydrolytic activities of recBM at various pH and temperature conditions were compared to that of commercial bromelain (cBM). Both enzymes demonstrated high activities at 45o C and pH 5 - 8 for recBM and pH 6 - 8 for cBM. recBM showed marginally lower Kmand slightly higher kcat/Kmfor ZAANA, ZANPE and ZPVANA in comparison to *** Epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido {4- guanidino}butane (E-64) severely affected recBM and cBM hydrolysis of the synthetic substrates by competitive inhibition with Kivalues of 3.6 - 5.1 μM and 5.5 - 6.9 μM for recBM and cBM, respectively. The evaluated properties of recBM including temperature and pH optima, substrate specificity and sensitivity to inhibitors or activators, satisfy the requisites required for food industries.

关键词： Protease Recombinant Bromelain Substrates Inhibitors Activators

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Arabian Peninsula-North Pacific Oscillation and its association with the Asian summer monsoon

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第7期51卷 1001-1012页

作者： SUN JianQi1, YUAN Wei2 & GAO YuZhong3 1 Nansen-Zhu international research Centre, institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2 China Meteorological Administration training Centre, Beijing 100081, China 3 Heilongjiang Meteorological Observatory, Harbin 150030, China Nansen-Zhu international research Centre Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China China Meteorological Administration training Centre Beijing China Heilongjiang Meteorological Observatory Harbin China

Using correlation and EOF analyses on sea level pressure from 57-year NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data, the Arabian Peninsula-North Pacific Oscillation (APNPO) is identified. The APNPO reflects the co-variability between the North Pacific high and South Asian summer monsoon low. This teleconnec- tion pattern is closely related to the Asian summer monsoon. On interannual timescale, it co-varies with both the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and South Asian summer monsoon (SASM); on decadal timescale, it co-varies with the EASM: both exhibit two abrupt climate changes in the middle 1960s and the late 1970s respectively. The possible physical process for the connections between the APNPO and Asian summer monsoon is then explored by analyzing the APNPO-related atmospheric circulations. The results show that with a strong APNPO, the Somali Jet, SASM flow, EASM flow, and South Asian high are all enhanced, and an anomalous anticyclone is produced at the upper level over northeast China via a zonal wave train. Meanwhile, the moisture transportation to the Asian monsoon regions is also strengthened in a strong APNPO year, leading to a strong moisture convergence over India and northern China. All these changes of circulations and moisture conditions finally result in an anoma- lous Asian summer monsoon and monsoon rainfall over India and northern China. In addition, the APNPO has a good persistence from spring to summer. The spring APNPO is also significantly corre- lated with Asian summer monsoon variability. The spring APNPO might therefore provide valuable in- formation for the prediction of Asian summer monsoon.

关键词： Arabian Peninsula-North Pacific Oscillation East Asian summer monsoon South Asian summer monsoon wave train abrupt climate change

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Optimizing the design of in situ sediment oxygen demand measurement chambers

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international Journal of Sediment research 2011年第2期26卷 222-229页

作者： HE Yun and LIU Cheng 1 Senior Engineer,Dr.,China institute of Water Resources and Hydropower research,Beijing 100038,China, 2 Prof.,Dr.,international research and training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation,Beijing 100048,China Senior Engineer Dr. China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing 100038 China Prof. Dr. International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation Beijing 100048 China

Sediment Oxygen Demand(SOD) is a key parameter for water quality analysis and for water quality modeling in rivers,lakes,estuaries and *** SOD can be measured both in the laboratory and in ***,the in situ technique appears to be the better approach for measuring SOD,as it likely to provide more representative and accurate *** order to optimize the design of in situ SOD measurement chambers,the three-dimensional flow fields in cylindrical SOD measurement chambers, commonly used for in situ measurements,have been numerically simulated by using the RNG-based k-s double equation turbulence *** chambers with three different inflow pipe configurations were *** results show that chamberⅢpresents distinct advantages over the other designs for in situ SOD measurement,because good flow mixing can be achieved and bottom sediment suspension can be avoided in the *** numerical simulation results were validated by comparison with existing results derived from laboratory *** SOD measurement chamber designed to reflect the results of the numerical simulations was successfully tested for in situ SOD measurements in both fresh and saline waters.

关键词： Sediment Oxygen Demand(SOD) Renormalization group(RNG) Velocity field In situ measurement Field tests

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Exploring the Nexus between Climate Hazards and Conflict in Lamu County: Implications for Community Adaptation Action Plans

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2023年第12期14卷 984-1005页

作者： Misiani Zachary Simeon Mwadiga Mohamed Abubakar Hindada Boneya Onyango Linet Amos Okello Mohamed Rashid Dirie Monica Orero international Center for Humanitarian Affairs Kenya Red Cross Society Nairobi Kenya Kenya Forestry research institute Nairobi Kenya County Government of Lamu Lamu Kenya Kenya Red Cross training institute Nairobi Kenya

This paper investigated the complex relationship between climate change and security in Lamu County, with focus on community perceptions, vulnerabilities, and adaptation strategies. The study utilized a participatory approach involving Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) to gather insights from diverse community members. Results revealed a growing recognition of climate change as a significant factor amplifying security risks, including resource-based conflicts, food and water insecurity, pest and disease outbreaks, and rising sea levels. The analysis of historical climate data indicated shifts in rainfall patterns and rising temperatures, exacerbating these hazards. Furthermore, it underscores the need to mainstream climate change actions across various sectors for sustainable development and human security. Lamu County in Kenya faces a myriad of security challenges stemming from climate change, with the community perceiving droughts, pests, diseases, and conflicts as prominent hazards. These climatic impacts have led to crop failures, livestock losses, water scarcity, property damage, displacement, and instability. Local adaptation strategies have shown varying degrees of effectiveness, highlighting the need for community-specific and sustainable solutions. The study identified local adaptation strategies and emphasized the importance of early warning systems, informed decision-making, and mainstreaming climate change actions across sectors to enhance human security and sustainable development. However, it also acknowledges limitations in community participation and suggests future research avenues to ensure the inclusion of marginalized voices in such studies.

关键词： Kenya Climate Changes and Adaptation Pollution Climate Hazards Conflict Security Temperature Rainfall Sea Level Lamu County

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Improvement of Rice Production under Drought Conditions in West Africa:Application of QTLs in Breeding for Drought Resistance

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Rice science 2022年第6期29卷 512-521页

作者： Kossi Lorimpo ADJAH Maxwell Darko ASANTE Aboubacar TOURE Mawuli AZIADEKEY Francis Osei AMOAKO-ANDOH Michael FREI Yacouba DIALLO Komi AGBOKA West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use/Climate Change and Agriculture Program IPR/IFRAP.O.Box 224KatibougouMali Council for Scientific and Industrial research-Crops research institute P.O.Box 3785Fumesua-KumasiGhana University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako(USTTB)P.O.Box 423BamakoMali international Crops research institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics P.O.Box 320BamakoMali University of Lomé(UL) P.O.Box 1515LoméTogo institute for Agronomy and Plant Breeding of Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen Giessen 35392Germany Polytechnic Rural institute of training and Applied research(IPR/IFRA) P.O.Box 224KatibougouMali Council for Scientific and Industrial research-College of Science and Technology Department of Plant Resources DevelopmentP.O.Box 3785Fumesua-KumasiGhana

Rice plays a paramount role in food and nutrition security in many West African *** the doubling of production during the last decade,rice consumption has grown faster,creating a deficit between the demand and *** the West African sub-region remains the main rice-producing centre on the continent,production is severely hampered by biotic and abiotic *** is one of the factors that most severely reduce grain yields of *** of production need to be established in order to mitigate yield loss as a result of *** review discusses the effects of drought on rice production in West Africa and its mitigation with an emphasis on the improvement of tolerance to drought *** stability can be achieved by developing drought-tolerant varieties through several processes encompassing profiling of known QTLs and identification of new ones,marker-assisted selection,genomic selection,and extensive multi-locational yield *** suggest a comprehensive strategy for breeding drought-tolerant rice varieties in West Africa.

关键词： West Africa rice drought-tolerant variety QTL high-throughput genotyping

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Developing Skills in Intra-Workplace Rehabilitation Education: I

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Open Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 2023年第3期11卷 63-81页

作者： Fukumi Hiragami research institute of Health and Welfare Kibi International University Okayama Japan

Japan has an advanced healthcare system, on par with any developed country;at the same time, it is challenged by a rapidly aging population. In line with other countries, medical and paramedical training differs from college or university to when the graduates start working in the hospital wards;it seems like a new career to freshmen. Rehabilitation draws together the most varied professional teams treating patients from a range of specialists, and physical therapists generally receive very little intra-workplace skills training. The aim of this paper is to develop the first of a two-part educational model that is useful for the professional development of therapists working in rehabilitation medicine, by incorporating, at least, Shared Decision-Making and Narrative-Based Medicine. The most productive systems of analysis are Bloom’s psychomotor taxonomy and the Japanese DIKW system. The Japanese DIKW model of “chishin”, which is based on Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom, is similar to the professional attitude and rehabilitative mindset in the healthcare system, the convalescent rehabilitation wards. The individual, departmental, and hospital levels could all benefit from aspects of these systems. Rehabilitative medicine in Japanese terms is presented as a holistic medical care that heals the body and mind and restores dignity, such as personality and self-confidence, and it is also a place where unique Japanese cultural concepts such as “Ikigai” (reason to live) and “Omotenashi” (hospitality) can be nurtured as professional awareness.

关键词： Rehabilitation Skills Work-Based Education DIKW Narrative-Based Medicine (NBM) Shared Decision-Making (SDM)

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Key drivers of changes in the sediment loads of Chinese rivers discharging to the oceans

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international Journal of Sediment research 2021年第6期36卷 747-755页

作者： Cheng Liu Yun He Zhongwu Li Jia Chen Zhijing Li China institute of Water Resources and Hydropower research international research and training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Hunan Normal University institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Changjiang River Scientific research institute

The magnitude and variation of the sediment loads transported by rivers have important implications for the functioning of river systems and changes in the sediment loads of rivers are driven by numerous factors. In this paper, the key drivers of changes in the sediment loads of the major rivers of China are identified by reviewing recent studies of changes in their sediment loads. Except for the Songhua River,which presents no clear tendency of change in runoff or sediment load, nearly all the major rivers of China are characterized by an apparent decline in annual sediment load. The total annual sediment load of major Chinese rivers transported to the coast decreased from 2.03 billion t/yr during the period 1955-1968 to 0.50 billion t/yr during the period 1997-2010. The primary drivers of changes in the sediment loads of the rivers are dam construction, implementation of soil and water conservation measures,catchment disturbance, agricultural practices, sand mining and climate change. Examples drawn from Chinese rivers are used to demonstrate the importance of these drivers. Construction of a large number of reservoirs in the Yangtze River basin represents the primary driver for the reduced sediment load of the Yangtze River. The implementation of soil and water conservation programmes is one of the key drivers for the sharp decline in the sediment load of the Yellow River. Catchment disturbance explains why the reduction of the sediment load of the Lancang-Mekong River at the Chiang Saen gauging station was much less than that at the Gajiu gauging station upstream. A reduction in sediment load resulting from the expansion of agricultural production may be the main driver for the reduced sediment load of the Huaihe River. The decrease in the sediment load of the Pearl River has been influenced by sand mining activities. Climate change is one of the key drivers responsible for the greatly reduced sediment load of the rivers in the Haihe River Basin.

关键词： Sediment load Dam construction Soil and water conservation Catchment disturbance Sand mining Climate change

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Food safety regulatory systems in Europe and China:A study of how co-regulation can improve regulatory effectiveness

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第11期14卷 2203-2217页

作者： Kevin Chen WANG Xin-xin SONG Hai-ying Beijing Office International Food Policy Research Institute School of Economics and international Trade Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics international Business Administration College Zhejiang International Studies University

Food safety has received a great deal of attention in both developed and developing countries in recent years. In China, the numerous food scandals and scares that have struck over the past decade have spurred significant food safety regulatory reform, which has been increasingly oriented towards the public-private partnership model adopted by the Europe Union＇s （EU） food safety regulatory system. This paper analyzes the development of both the EU＇s and China＇s food safety regu- latory systems, identifies the current challenges for China and additionally considers the role of public-private partnership. The success of co-regulation in the food regulatory system would bring significant benefits and opportunities for China. Finally, this paper recommends additional measures like training and grants to improve the private＇s sector effectiveness in co-regulating China＇s food safety issues.

关键词： food safety co-regulation public-private partnership Food Safety Law of China European Union China

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