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Key drivers of changes in the sediment loads of Chinese rivers discharging to the oceans

international Journal of Sediment research 2021年第6期36卷 747-755页

作者： Cheng Liu Yun He Zhongwu Li Jia Chen Zhijing Li China institute of Water Resources and Hydropower research international research and training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Hunan Normal University institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Changjiang River Scientific research institute

The magnitude and variation of the sediment loads transported by rivers have important implications for the functioning of river systems and changes in the sediment loads of rivers are driven by numerous factors. In this paper, the key drivers of changes in the sediment loads of the major rivers of China are identified by reviewing recent studies of changes in their sediment loads. Except for the Songhua River,which presents no clear tendency of change in runoff or sediment load, nearly all the major rivers of China are characterized by an apparent decline in annual sediment load. The total annual sediment load of major Chinese rivers transported to the coast decreased from 2.03 billion t/yr during the period 1955-1968 to 0.50 billion t/yr during the period 1997-2010. The primary drivers of changes in the sediment loads of the rivers are dam construction, implementation of soil and water conservation measures,catchment disturbance, agricultural practices, sand mining and climate change. Examples drawn from Chinese rivers are used to demonstrate the importance of these drivers. Construction of a large number of reservoirs in the Yangtze River basin represents the primary driver for the reduced sediment load of the Yangtze River. The implementation of soil and water conservation programmes is one of the key drivers for the sharp decline in the sediment load of the Yellow River. Catchment disturbance explains why the reduction of the sediment load of the Lancang-Mekong River at the Chiang Saen gauging station was much less than that at the Gajiu gauging station upstream. A reduction in sediment load resulting from the expansion of agricultural production may be the main driver for the reduced sediment load of the Huaihe River. The decrease in the sediment load of the Pearl River has been influenced by sand mining activities. Climate change is one of the key drivers responsible for the greatly reduced sediment load of the rivers in the Haihe River Basin.

关键词： Sediment load Dam construction Soil and water conservation Catchment disturbance Sand mining Climate change

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Food safety regulatory systems in Europe and China:A study of how co-regulation can improve regulatory effectiveness

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第11期14卷 2203-2217页

作者： Kevin Chen WANG Xin-xin SONG Hai-ying Beijing Office International Food Policy Research Institute School of Economics and international Trade Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics international Business Administration College Zhejiang International Studies University

Food safety has received a great deal of attention in both developed and developing countries in recent years. In China, the numerous food scandals and scares that have struck over the past decade have spurred significant food safety regulatory reform, which has been increasingly oriented towards the public-private partnership model adopted by the Europe Union＇s （EU） food safety regulatory system. This paper analyzes the development of both the EU＇s and China＇s food safety regu- latory systems, identifies the current challenges for China and additionally considers the role of public-private partnership. The success of co-regulation in the food regulatory system would bring significant benefits and opportunities for China. Finally, this paper recommends additional measures like training and grants to improve the private＇s sector effectiveness in co-regulating China＇s food safety issues.

关键词： food safety co-regulation public-private partnership Food Safety Law of China European Union China

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Comparative study of the characterisation and extraction techniques of polyphenolic compounds from Acacia seyal gum

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Food Quality and Safety 2022年第1期6卷 24-33页

作者： Ahmed A.M.Elnour Mohamed E.S.Mirghani Nassereldeen A.Kabbashi Khalid Hamid Musa Fahimeh Shahabipour Nureddin Ashammakhi Nour Hamid Abdurahman international institute for halal research and training International Islamic University MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia Bioenvironmental Engineering research Centre Biotechnology Engineering DepartmentKuliyah of EngineeringInternational Islamic University MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia institute of Gum Arabic&Desertification Studies University of KordofanElobiedSudan Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition College of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineQassim UniversityBuraydahKingdom of SaudiArabia Skin research Centre Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Department of Bioengineering Henry Samueli School of EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering College of EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA Centre of Excellence for Advanced research in Fluid Flow University Malaysia PahangGambangMalaysia

Background Acacia seyal gum(ASG)is an abundant source of natural polyphenolic compounds(NPPCs)and antioxidant activity with numerous benefits and is often used in cancer *** type of extraction technique can significantly impact the yield and isolation of NPPCs from *** traditional use of maceration extraction reportedly yields fewer *** This study investigated five extraction techniques for NPPCs and ASG antioxidant activity,namely:homogenisation,shaking,ultrasonication,magneticstirring,*** and methods The evaluation of the antioxidant activity(AoA)of the extracted NPPCs from ASG used five assays,namely:total flavonoids content,Folin-Ciocalteu index,2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity,ferric reducing antioxidant power,and cupric *** To minimise the data set dimensionality requires principal component *** ultrasonic and maceration techniques were the best techniques to extract NPPCs and examine the AoA of ASG,with a high correlation between the NPPCs and ***,the maceration process was slow(12 h)compared to ultrasonication(1 h).Slow extraction can result in a decline of the NPPCs due to polyphenol oxidase-enzyme and impact *** These findings provide an essential guide for the choice of extraction techniques for the effective extraction of NPPCs from ASG and other plant materials.

关键词： Polyphenolic extraction gum Arabic comparison of techniques principal component analysis ultrasonication

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Climate-influenced vector-borne diseases in Africa: a call to empower the next generation of African researchers for sustainable solutions

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-10页

作者： Obame-Nkoghe Judica?l Agossou Adjoavi Esse Mboowa Gerald Kamgang Basile Caminade Cyril Duke Dawn C. Githeko Andrew Karanja Ogega Obed M. Elloué Nestor Engone Sarr Fatou Bintou Nkoghe Dieudonné Kengne Pierre Ndam Nicaise T. Paupy Christophe Bockarie Moses Otomo Patricks Voua Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory (LabMC) Biology Department University of Science and Technology of Masuku BP Franceville Gabon Ecology and Health research Unit Interdisciplinary Center for Medical Research of Franceville BP Franceville Gabon Department of Zoology and Entomology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences University of the Free State Private Bag x13 Phuthaditjhaba Republic of South Africa Laboratory of Pharmacology and Improved Traditional Medicines Department of Animal Physiology Faculty of Science and Technology University of Abomey-Calavi BP Cotonou Benin The African Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data-Intensive Sciences Infectious Diseases Institute College of Health Sciences Makerere University P. O Box Kampala Uganda Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention African Union Commission Roosevelt Street P.O. Box WKAddis Ababa Ethiopia Centre for research in Infectious Diseases P.O. Box Yaoundé Cameroon Earth System Physics Department The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Trieste Italy Africa research Excellence Fund Charterhouse Street London EC1MHR UK Community Health Support Program P.O. Box Kisumu Kenya The African Academy of Sciences Nairobi Kenya Center for Phylosophical Studies and research (CERP) Omar Bongo University (UOB) BP Libreville Gabon UMRED Health Training and Research Unit University of Iba Der Thiam of Thiès BP Thiès Senegal National Parasitic Diseases Control Program Ministry of Health Libreville Gabon MIVEGEC Univ. Montpellier CNRS IRD Montpellier France MERIT IRD Paris Cité University Paris France Department of Parasitology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research University of Ghana LG Accra Ghana School of Community Health Sciences Njala University Bo Sierra Leone

We look at the link between climate change and vector-borne diseases in low- and middle-income countries in Africa. The large endemicity and escalating threat of diseases such as malaria and arboviral diseases, intensified by climate change, disproportionately affects vulnerable communities globally. We highlight the urgency of prioritizing research and development, advocating for robust scientific inquiry to promote adaptation strategies, and the vital role that the next generation of African research leaders will play in addressing these challenges. Despite significant challenges such as funding shortages within countries, various pan-African-oriented funding bodies such as the African Academy of Sciences, the Africa research Excellence Fund, the Wellcome Trust, the U.S. National institutes of Health, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation as well as initiatives such as the African research Initiative for Scientific Excellence and the Pan-African Mosquito Control Association, have empowered (or are empowering) these researchers by supporting capacity building activities, including continental and global networking, skill development, mentoring, and African-led research. This article underscores the urgency of increased national investment in research, proposing the establishment of research government agencies to drive evidence-based interventions. Collaboration between governments and scientific communities, sustained by pan-African funding bodies, is crucial. Through these efforts, African nations are likely to enhance the resilience and adaptive capacity of their systems and communities by navigating these challenges effectively, fostering scientific excellence and implementing transformative solutions against climate-sensitive vector-borne diseases.

关键词： Climate change Vector-borne diseases Africa Environmental justice research and development Pan-African funding initiatives

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Influence of October Eurasian Snow on Winter Temperature over Northeast China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第1期34卷 116-126页

作者： Huanlian LI Huijun WANG Dabang JIANG China Meteorological Administration training Centre Beijing 100081China Nansen-Zhu international research Centre Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Climate Change research Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

This paper addresses the interannual variation of winter air temperature over Northeast China and its connection to preceding Eurasian snow cover. The results show that there is a significant negative correlation between October Eurasian snow cover and following-winter air temperature over Northeast China. The snow cover located in eastern Siberia and to the northeast of Lake Baikal plays an important role in the winter air temperature anomaly. More （less） eastern Siberia snow in October can cause an atmospheric circulation anomaly pattern in which the atmospheric pressure is higher （lower） than normal in the polar region and lower （higher） in the northern mid-high latitudes. Due to the persistence of the eastern Siberia snow from October to the following winter, the winter atmospheric anomaly is favorable （unfavorable） to the widespread movement of cold air masses from the polar region toward the northern mid-high latitudes and, hence, lower （higher） temperature over Northeast China. Simultaneously, when the October snow cover is more （less）, the SST in the northwestern Pacific is continuously lower （higher） as a whole; then, the Aleutian low and the East Asia trough are reinforced （weakened）, favoring the lower （higher） temperature over Northeast China.

关键词： winter air temperature Northeast China Eurasian snow cover physical mechanism atmospheric circulationanomaly

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孔雀石硫化浮选机理：硫化各向异性研究(英文)

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Journal of Central South University 2024年

作者：饶鑫张晨阳孙伟刘思源姚钰昀陈建华朱阳戈裴勇张洪亮 Engineering research Center of Ministry of Education for Carbon Emission Reduction in Metal Resource Exploitation and Utilization， Hunan international Joint research Center for Efficient and Clean Utilization of Critical Metal Mineral Resources， School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering， Central South University State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization School of Resources， Environment and Materials， Guangxi University State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing Science and Technology， Beijing General research institute of Mining & Metallurgy Department of Chemistry， Xiangtan University

孔雀石是一种亲水性很强、难以常规浮选的矿物，工业上常用硫化浮选法对其进行选矿。然而，孔雀石的晶体结构复杂，在破碎和磨矿过程中形成不同性质的解离面，导致表面各向异性。在本文中，研究了孔雀石的表面硫化的各向异性，并考虑到C... 详细信息

孔雀石是一种亲水性很强、难以常规浮选的矿物，工业上常用硫化浮选法对其进行选矿。然而，孔雀石的晶体结构复杂，在破碎和磨矿过程中形成不同性质的解离面，导致表面各向异性。在本文中，研究了孔雀石的表面硫化的各向异性，并考虑到Cu-O八面体的Jahn-Teller效应对孔雀石硫化的影响，从配位化学的角度进一步探究了孔雀石的硫化机理。计算结果表明，孔雀石（201）和（010）表面的五配位铜离子活性比孔雀石（01）表面的五配位铜离子更强。与孔雀石（01）表面吸附HS-后形成的六配位结构相比，孔雀石（010）和（201）表面吸附HS-后形成的四配位结构更稳定，具有更强的负吸附能。硫化孔雀石表面具有额外的一对π电子以及和黄药分子更小的HOMO（Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital）-LUMO（Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital）带隙，可以与黄药分子形成更强的反馈π键。这项工作为孔雀石的表面硫化机理提供了新的见解，并为浮选药剂靶向设计提供了理论参考。

关键词：孔雀石硫化浮选表面各向异性配位化学姜-泰勒效应 DFT

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Enzymatic recovery of glycopeptides from different industrial grades edible bird’s nest and its by-products:nutrient,probiotic and antioxidant activities,and physicochemical characteristics

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2022年第6期11卷 1555-1564页

作者： Hidayati Syamimi Mohd Noor Rafi dah Mohd Ariff Lee Sin Chang Xin Yi Chai Hui Yan Tan Nur’Aliah Daud Abdul Salam Babji Seng Joe Lim Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangi 43600Malaysia international institute for halal research and training(INHART) International Islamic University Malaysia(IIUM)Jalan Gombak 53100Malaysia Faculty of Applied Sciences UCSI University Kuala LumpurCheras 56000Malaysia Faculty of Agriculture Science and Technology Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu CampusBintulu 97008Malaysia Innovative Centre for Confectionery Technology(MANIS) Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangi 43600Malaysia

This study was conducted to recover edible bird’s nest(EBN)hydrolysates from different grades of EBN,including the industrial by-products,using enzymatic *** nutrient,physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of the recovered hydrolysates at different hydrolysis times were *** showed that the recovery yield of enzymatic hydrolysis was above 89%for all grades of EBN and the degree of hydrolysis increased over *** content(0.321-0.433 mg/L)was below the permissible tolerance level for all ***,the antioxidant activities(DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities and ferric reducing antioxidant powder(FRAP)activity)were significantly higher(P≤0.05)in hydrolysates recovered from EBN by-products(EBNhC and EBNhD)as compared to the high grade EBN hydrolysates(EBNhA and EBNhB).The in-vitro probiotic activity of EBN and its hydrolysates were examined using the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus ***,EBN by-products hydrolysate(EBNhD)recorded the highest number of ***(1.1×1011 CFU/mL),indicating that low grade EBN has the potential as prebiotic material that promotes probiotic *** study demonstrated the concept of using EBN by-products hydrolysates for various applications,such as functional ingredients with enhanced bioactivities,to improve its economic value.

关键词： Edible bird’s nest by-products Enzymatic hydrolysis Glycopeptides Lactobacillus plantarum Probiotic activity

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Shaping and maintaining a medium-sized main channel in the Lower Yellow River

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international Journal of Sediment research 2012年第3期27卷 259-270页

作者： Chun-hong HU Jian-guo CHEN Qing-chao GUO State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin(SKL-WAC) China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research(IWHR) international research and training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES) IRTCES SKL-WAC IWHR

This paper studies relations between bankfull discharge,lateral cross section variation and the incoming flow and sediment condition in the Lower Yellow River using measured data from 1950 to *** 1950 the bankfull discharge has obviously decreased and the ratio of channel width to flow depth has *** critical annual average incoming sediment coefficient（defined as the ratio of sediment concentration to discharge） and discharge at the Huayuankou station are approximately 0.012 and 1,850 m;s;,respectively,for no accumulative deposition occurring in the reach from Huayuankou to *** this basis,a mathematical model is used to study the scale of the main channel in the Lower Yellow River and its corresponding bankfull discharge under possible incoming flow and sediment conditions in the near *** main factors influencing the scale of the main channel are analyzed,and measures to shape and maintain a medium-sized channel are *** results show the effect of various water and sediment combinations released from the Xiaolangdi Reservoir on the shaping of the main channel and suggest that under recent incoming flow and sediment conditions,it is possible to shape and maintain a medium-sized channel with a bankfull discharge of approximate 4,000 m;s;.

关键词： The Lower Yellow River Xiaolangdi Reservoir Bankfull discharge Medium size channel Flow and sediment condition

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Modified vegetation-erosion dynamics model and its application in typical watersheds in the Loess Plateau

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international Journal of Sediment research 2011年第1期26卷 78-86页

作者： CHEN Yuehong~1,WANG Feixin~2,LIU Guangquan~3,YU Xinxiao~4, JIA Guodong~5,and GAN Ping~6 China institute of Water Resources and Hydropower research,Beijing 100048 international research and training Center on Erosion and Sediment research,Beijing 100048,China Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China. Key Lab of Dredging Technology of CCGRP,Shanghai Waterway Engineering Design and Consulting Co., Ltd,Shanghai 200120,China. international research and training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation China institute of Water Resources and Hydropower research,Beijing 100048 Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China, Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China, Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China. China institute of Water Resources and Hydropower research,Beijing 100048,and international research and training Center on Erosion and Sediment research,Beijing 100048,China Assoc. Prof. Dr. China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing 100048 international research and training Center on Erosion and Sediment research Beijing 100048 China Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China Dr. Key Lab of Dredging Technology of CCGRP Shanghai Waterway Engineering Design and Consulting Co. Ltd Shanghai 200120 China Prof. Dr. International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation China institute of Water Resources and Hydropower research Beijing 100048 Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China Prof. Dr. Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China Dr. Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China Engineer China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing 100048 and International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sediment Research Beijing 100048 China

The vegetation-erosion model was applied in three typical watersheds of hilly and gully area in the Loess Plateau in northwestern China to study the dynamic relations between vegetation coverage and soil erosion rate and various *** model was improved by introducing rainfall and runoff *** the modified model was applied in the Luergou and Luoyugou *** calculation results with the modified model were compared with the results of the original *** precisions of simulated vegetation coverage and soil erosion rate with the modified model were greatly improved compared with the original *** erosion rate reduced with increasing vegetation coverage and the human disturbance caused high soil erosion.

关键词： Soil erosion Vegetation coverage Vegetation-erosion dynamics model Loess Plateau Modified model

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Effects of biofertilizer and water-saving irrigation interactions on the leaf photosynthesis and plant growth of tomatoes

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international Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第2期17卷 177-185页

作者： Danyan Chen Yuchun Ai Peizhe Li Yue Dong Hailing Li Changyi Wang Xiaorui Jiang Shilong Li Yan Shen Aijun Dai Yuanyuan Feng College of Horticulture Jinling Institute of TechnologyNanjing 210038China Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China College of Forestry and GrasslandCollege of Soil and Water ConservationNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing 210014China Agriculture Exchange and Cooperation Center of Shandong Province Jinan 250100China Murdoch Applied Innovation Nanotechnology research Group College of ScienceHealthEngineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityPerthWA 5150Australia

Irrigation and fertilizer interaction is an efficient cultivation management strategy for facility ***,the effects of irrigation and fertilizer management on tomato growth and its physiological factors remain *** this study,two irrigation patterns(W1,conventional irrigation;W2,water-saving irrigation)and four fertilizer application patterns(CF,chemical fertilizer;BOF,biological organic fertilizer;NPK,nutrient compound fertilizer;BOF+NPK)were selected to observe the effects of their interaction on cherry tomato plant growth,leaf photosynthesis and fruit quality through pot *** results showed that W2 treatments promoted plant height growth compared to W1 under the same fertilizer ***,irrigation and fertilizer management had significant effects on net photosynthetic rate,intercellular oxidation concentration,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate at the first sequence flowering and fruiting *** maximum tomato plant height(99.0 cm)was achieved under the irrigation and fertilizer pattern of BOF and W2,along with the highest fruit yield of 1.98 kg/plant,which was approximately 31.1%higher than the minimum yield under the combined CF and W2 *** W2 treatments,the application of either NPK or BOF increased the soluble sugar content of *** structural equation models showed that the soil alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen could directly significantly affect the yield and soluble *** findings suggest that optimization of irrigation-fertilizer interactions positively regulates tomato growth,providing an efficient model for tomato irrigation and fertilizer management and a reference for sustainable development of facility agriculture.

关键词： irrigation-fertilization interaction cherry tomato plant height leaf photosynthesis fruit yield and quality

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