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Biological,pathological,and multifaceted therapeutic functions of exosomes to target cancer

Oncology Research 2024年第1期32卷 73-94页

作者： VIGNESH BALAJI E DIVYA RAMESH MANISHA CHUNGAN SHAJU AKSHARA KUMAR SAMYAK PANDEY RAKSHA NAYAK V.ALKA SRISHTI MUNJAL AMIR SALIMI K.SREEDHARA RANGANATH PAI SHANKAR M.BAKKANNAVAR Department of Pharmacology Manipal College of Pharmaceutical SciencesManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka576104India Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Kasturba Medical CollegeManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka576104India School of Health and Community Services Durham CollegeOshawaOntarioL1G2G5Canada Department of Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs and Management Manipal College of Pharmaceutical SciencesManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka576104India Department of Clinical Psychology Manipal College of Health ProfessionsManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka576104India Department of Speech and Hearing Manipal College of Health ProfessionsManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka576104India Department of Pharmacy Practice Manipal College of Pharmaceutical SciencesManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka576104India

Exosomes,small tiny vesicle contains a large number of intracellular particles that employ to cause various diseases and prevent several pathological events as well in the human *** is considered a“double-edged sword”,and depending on its biological source,the action of exosomes varies under physiological ***,the isolation and characterization of the exosomes should be performed accurately and the methodology also will vary depending on the exosome ***,the uptake of exosomes from the recipients’cells is a vital and initial step for all the physiological *** are different mechanisms present in the exosomes’cellular uptake to deliver their cargo to acceptor *** the exosomal uptake takes place,it releases the intracellular particles that leads to activate the physiological *** though exosomes have lavish functions,there are some challenges associated with every step of their preparation to bring potential therapeutic ***,overcoming the pitfalls would give a desired quantity of exosomes with high purity.

关键词： Exosomes Physiology Cancer Therapeutics Challenges

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A new scheme of climate-vegetation regionalization in the Hengduan Mountains Region

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Science China Earth sciences 2024年第3期67卷 751-768页

作者： Xueqin ZHANG Xiaoming XU Xiang LI Peng CUI Du ZHENG Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences-Higher Education Commission of PakistanIslamabad 45320Pakistan

The Hengduan Mountains Region(HMR) is essential for the future ecological protection, clean energy production,Sichuan-Xizang and Yunnan-Xizang railways, and other major infrastructure projects in China. The distributions of climate and vegetation exhibit significant regional differentiation and vertical zonality due to the rugged longitudinal ranges and gorges and the complex disaster-prone environments in HMR. Therefore, it is urgent to develop the climate-vegetation regionalization in HMR to effectively satisfy the national requirements such as agricultural production and ecological protection, mountain disaster risk prevention, and major project construction. We here develop a new scheme of climate-vegetation regionalization with the latest demarcation outcome of HMR, the ground observation from 122 meteorological stations in HMR and its surrounding areas during 1990–2019, and the high-precision remote sensing data of land cover types. The new scheme first constructs the regionalization index system, fully considering the extraordinarily complicated geomorphic pattern of mountains and valleys, the scarcity of meteorological observations, and the remarkable differentiation of climate and vegetation in HMR. The system consists of three primary regionalization indices(i.e., days with daily average temperature steady above 10°C, aridity index, and main vegetation types, dividing the temperature zones, moisture regions, and vegetation subregions, respectively) and three auxiliary indices of the accumulated temperature above 10°C, and the temperatures in January and July. Then, the HMR is divided into five temperature zones, 20 moisture regions, and 55 vegetation subregions. Compared with previous regionalization schemes, the new scheme optimizes the climate spatial interpolation model of thin plate smoothing spline suitable for the unique terrain in HMR. Moreover, the disputed division index threshold between different climatic zones(regions) is scientifically clarifi

关键词： Climate-vegetation regionalization Thin plate smoothing spline(TPSS) GeoDetector Stepwise downscaling pane division method Hengduan Mountains Region

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Ever-evolving SARS-CoV-2:Latest variant KP.2 is on the rise

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第6期17卷 241-242页

作者： Balamurugan Shanmugaraj Department of Biotechnology Karpagam Academy of Higher EducationCoimbatore641021Tamil NaduIndia

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)emerged at the end of 2019 and is responsible for the coronavirus disease(COVID-19)pandemic which shook the healthcare system *** April 2024,over 775 million positive cases and 7 million deaths have been reported globally[1].Since its emergence,the virus is constantly accumulating mutations in its genome and evolving frequently over *** the last 3 years,we have witnessed the emergence of numerous variants from Alpha to Omicron and other subvariants,and some of them are more virulent escaping the natural and/or vaccine induced immunity and some are much less virulent than earlier variants and contributed to the pandemic[2,3].The World Health Organization(WHO)announced that the COVID-19 is no longer a public health emergency of international concern on May 5,2023[4].

关键词： immunity acute globally

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Intensified warming suppressed the snowmelt in the Tibetan Plateau

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第3期15卷 452-463页

作者： Xiang LI Peng CUI Xue-Qin ZHANG Fang ZHANG Key Lab of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchBeijing 100101China University of Chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China China‒Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences and Higher Education CommissionIslamabad 45320Pakistan

Understanding how hydrological factors interrelate is crucial when examining the impact of climate warming on ***,these connections are often overlooked,leading to an unclear relationship between temperature and *** study investigates the complex interplay between temperature and snowmelt in the Tibetan Plateau from 1961 to 2020,focusing on how extreme high-temperature events affect the frequency of extreme *** a structural equation model,we detected three temperature-related factors that predominantly influenced snowmelt and extreme *** annual average temperature was found to have a significant indirect impact on snowmelt,mediated by changes in snowfall,snow depth and snow *** contrast,high-temperature days(daily maximum temperatures exceeding the 90th percentile)and heat waves(at least three consecutive high-temperature days)negatively affected extreme snowmelt directly or *** direct effect of increasing extreme temperature events was associated with an earlier onset of high-temperature periods,which accelerated snowmelt and shortened the duration of extreme snowmelt ***,the reduction in snow cover owing to warming emerged as a main factor suppressing snowmelt and extreme snowmelt *** also revealed spatiotemporal variations in the temperature‒snowmelt relationship that highly depended on changes in snowmelt *** study elucidated why warming suppresses snowmelt and extreme snowmelt events in the Tibetan Plateau,highlighting the mediating roles of snow-related and phenological *** findings will provide scientific support for climate simulation and water management policymaking in alpine regions worldwide.

关键词： Climate change Extreme temperature Snowmelt Structural equation model Tibetan Plateau

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Effectiveness of craniosacral therapy,Bowen therapy,static touch and standard exercise program on sleep quality in fibromyalgia syndrome:A randomized controlled trial

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第4期22卷 473-483页

作者： Reepa Avichal Ughreja Prem Venkatesan Dharmanand Balebail Gopalakrishna Yogesh Preet Singh Vani Lakshmi R Department of Physiotherapy Manipal College of Health ProfessionsManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal 576104KarnatakaIndia Department of Rheumatology Manipal HospitalBengaluru 560052KarnatakaIndia Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology All India Institute of Medical SciencesBilaspur 174001Himachal PradeshIndia Department of Data Science Prasanna School of Public HealthManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal 576104KarnatakaIndia

Background:Sleep disturbance is commonly seen in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS);however,high quality studies involving manual therapies that target FMS-linked poor sleep quality are lacking for the Indian ***:Craniosacral therapy (CST),Bowen therapy and exercises have been found to influence the autonomic nervous system,which plays a crucial role in sleep *** the paucity of evidence concerning these effects in individuals with FMS,our study tests the effectiveness of CST,Bowen therapy and a standard exercise program against static touch (the manual placebo group) on sleep quality in ***,setting,participants and intervention:A placebo-controlled randomized trial was conducted on132 FMS participants with poor sleep at a hospital in *** participants were randomly allocated to one of the four study groups,including CST,Bowen therapy,standard exercise program,and a manual placebo control group that received static ***,Bowen therapy and static touch treatments were administered in once-weekly 45-minute sessions for 12 weeks;the standard exercise group received weekly supervised exercises for 6 weeks with home exercises until 12 *** 12 weeks,all study participants performed the standard exercises at home for another 12 *** outcome measures:Sleep quality,pressure pain threshold (PPT),quality of life and fibromyalgia impact,physical function,fatigue,pain catastrophizing,kinesiophobia,and positive–negative affect were recorded at baseline,and at weeks 12 and 24 of the ***:At the end of 12 weeks,the sleep quality improved significantly in the CST group (P=0.037) and Bowen therapy group (P=0.023),and the PPT improved significantly in the Bowen therapy group(P=0.002) and the standard exercise group (P<0.001),compared to the static touch *** improvements were maintained at 24 *** between-group differences were observed for other secondary ***:CST and Bowen therapy improv

关键词： Chronic pain Complementary therapies Exercise Fibromyalgia Musculoskeletal manipulations Sleep

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Quantifying quantum entanglement via machine learning models

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第7期76卷 54-58页

作者： Changchun Feng Lin Chen LMIB(Beihang University) Ministry of Education School of Mathematical sciences Beihang University international Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science Beihang University

Quantifying entanglement measures for quantum states with unknown density matrices is a challenging task. Machine learning offers a new perspective to address this problem. By training machine learning models using experimentally measurable data, we can predict the target entanglement measures. In this study, we compare various machine learning models and find that the linear regression and stack models perform better than others. We investigate the model's impact on quantum states across different dimensions and find that higher-dimensional quantum states yield better results. Additionally, we investigate which measurable data has better predictive power for target entanglement measures. Using correlation analysis and principal component analysis, we demonstrate that quantum moments exhibit a stronger correlation with coherent information among these data features.

关键词： coherence entanglement machine learning predict quantum information

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Antifertility effects of EP-1 (quinestrol and levonorgestrel) on Pacific rats (Rattus exulans)

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 127-142页

作者： Jing LIU Feiyun TU Ming LIU Jichao WANG Zhibin ZHANG Ministry of education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan ProvinceCollege of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikouHainanChina Secretariat Office International Society of Zoological Science and Society and Journal OfficeInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Pest rodents pose a serious threat to island *** control could be an alternative approach to control the impact of rodents on these *** this study,we examined the antifertility effects of EP-1 baits containing quinestrol(E)and levonorgestrel(P)using a dose of 50 ppm E and P at three different ratios(E:P ratio=1:2,1:1,and 2:1)on Pacific rats(Rattus exulans)in the Xisha Islands,Hainan,*** to the control group,all animals in EP-1 treatment groups showed significantly decreased food intake and body *** treated males,there were obvious abnormalities in testis structure and a significant decrease of relative seminal vesicle weight,but no significant effect on relative uterine and ovarian weights(g kg-1 body weight),or ovarian structure in *** 8%sucrose to the original 50-ppm baits(E:P ratio=1:1)significantly increased bait palatability for males and *** dose induced uterine edema and abnormalities of ovarian structure in females but had no significant negative effect on the relative testis,epididymis,and seminal vesicle weights(g kg-1 body weight)or sperm density in *** summary,50-ppm EP-1(1:1)baits have the potential to disrupt the fertility of females,and 8%sucrose addition to the EP-1 baits(E:P ratio=1:1)could improve bait *** dose disrupted the testis structure in *** studies are needed to improve bait acceptance and assess the antifertility effects of EP-1(1:1)on Pacific rats in captive breeding trials and underfield conditions.

关键词： EP-1 fertility control island biodiversity conservation levonorgestrel quinestrol Rattus exulans

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Observations on spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking and the mass gap of QCD in finite volume

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第9期76卷 44-49页

作者： Xiaolan Meng Bolun Hu Yi-Bo Yang University of Chinese academy of sciences School of Physical Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUCAS international Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific

We present a lattice quantum chromodynamics(QCD) simulation with 2 + 1 + 1 flavor full QCD ensembles using near-physical quark masses and different spatial sizes L, at a ～ 0.055 *** results show that the scalar and pesudoscalar 2-point correlator with a valence pion mass of approximately 230 MeV become degenerated at L ≤ 1.0 fm, and such an observation suggests that the spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking disappears effectively at this point. At the same time, the mass gap between the nucleon and pion masses remains larger than ΛQCDin the entire L ∈ [0.2, 0.7] fm range.

关键词： chiral symmetry breaking confinement lattice QCD

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Color-kinematics duality and dual conformal symmetry for a four-loop form factor in N=4 SYM

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第4期67卷 64-71页

作者： Guanda Lin Gang Yang Siyuan Zhang CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUCASHangzhou 310024China international Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific Beijing/Hangzhou 310024China

We obtain the integrand of full-color four-loop three-point form factor of the stress-tensor supermultiplet in N=4 SYM,based on the color-kinematics(CK)duality and generalized unitarity *** result not only manifests all dual Jacobi relations via CK duality but also contains 133 free *** suggests the constructibility of the form factor at even higher loops via CK *** also find that the planar form factor has a hidden dual conformal symmetry in the lightlike limit of the operator momentum,which is checked up to four loops.

关键词： S-matrix supersymmetric model perturbative calculations

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Off-farm employment,agriculture production activities,and household dietary diversity in environmentally and economically vulnerable areas of Asia

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 359-373页

作者： Yunli Bai Xuanye Zeng Chao Fu Linxiu Zhang Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China United Nations Environment Programme-international Ecosystem Management Partnership(UNEP-IEMP) Beijing 100101China University of Chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100101China

Access to off-farm employment has been expected to be a critical approach to ending hunger and all forms of malnutrition,two important targets of achieving Zero *** study aims to investigate the role of off-farm employment in improving dietary diversity through substitution effect and complementary effect with agricultural production activities and income *** study adopts Poisson/Tobit/Probit/OLS regressions and the instrument variable method based on the primary survey data collected among 1,282 households at 12 sites in environmentally and economically vulnerable areas of China,Nepal,Cambodia,Thailand,and Myanmar in *** results show that off-farm employment is positively associated with household dietary diversity and the consumption of flesh meat,fish and other aquatic animals,fruits,and milk and dairy products,which are rich in protein and *** results of mechanism analysis show that off-farm employment contributes to household dietary diversity by improving crop diversity,especially for poor households,boosting the probability of livestock raising for households with the middle one-third disposal income,and increasing household *** positive association between off-farm employment and household dietary diversity is much higher for households with the bottom one-third disposal income,low illiteracy,and from upper-middle income *** findings imply that off-farm employment does play a vital role in achieving multiple benefits of poverty alleviation,malnutrition reduction,and agrobiodiversity conservation in environmentally and economically vulnerable ***,it may enlarge the gaps in dietary diversity between households with low human capital and from low and lower-middle income countries and those with high human capital and from middle-high countries.

关键词： off-farm employment dietary diversity income effect substitution effect complementary effect

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